JP7092505B2 - 細胞標的化有効成分送達系 - Google Patents
細胞標的化有効成分送達系 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7092505B2 JP7092505B2 JP2017567293A JP2017567293A JP7092505B2 JP 7092505 B2 JP7092505 B2 JP 7092505B2 JP 2017567293 A JP2017567293 A JP 2017567293A JP 2017567293 A JP2017567293 A JP 2017567293A JP 7092505 B2 JP7092505 B2 JP 7092505B2
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Description
a)好ましくは精製鉄結合タンパク質を準備する工程と、
b)有効成分を鉄結合タンパク質に共有結合的若しくは非共有結合的に連結する、及び/又は有効成分を鉄結合タンパク質に封入する工程と、
c)CD45+白血球細胞を準備する工程と、
d)CD45+白血球細胞を、工程b)において作製される鉄結合タンパク質と有効成分との複合体の存在下で、該CD45+白血球細胞に工程b)において作製される該鉄結合タンパク質と有効成分との複合体が少なくとも部分的にロードされるまでインキュベートする工程と、
を含む、方法に関する。
本発明の実施には、特に示されない限り、当該技術分野での文献(例えば、Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Edition, J.Sambrook et al. eds., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor 1989を参照)に説明される化学、生化学、及び組換えDNA技法の慣用の方法が使用される。
(i)単球が、好ましくはCD11b+ CD14+単球、CD11b+ CD16+単球、CD11b+CD14+ CD16+単球、CD11b+ CD14+MHCII+単球、CD11b+ CD14+ CD115+単球、CD11b+ CD114+単球、CD11b+CD116+単球、CD11b+ CCR1+単球、CD11b+ CCR2+単球、CD11b+CX3CR+単球、CD11b+ CXR4+単球、CD11b+ CXR6+単球及びCD11b+CD14+ CD33+単球からなる群から選択されるCD11b+単球である;
(ii)分化単球が、マクロファージ、活性化マクロファージ、好ましくはCD11b+マクロファージ、より好ましくはCD11b+ CD16+マクロファージ、CD11b+CD32+マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD64+マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD68+マクロファージ、好ましくはCD11b+ CD86+ M1マクロファージ、好ましくは誘導性一酸化窒素合成酵素(iNOS)を産生する及び/又はインターロイキン12(IL-12)を分泌するもの、又は好ましくはCD11b+ CCR2+M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD204+ M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD206+ M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD204+ CD206+ M2マクロファージ、CD11b+主要(Major)組織適合遺伝子複合体II+(MHCII+)(低発現又は高発現)M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD200R+ M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD163+ M2マクロファージ、若しくはアルギナーゼ-1及び/又はインターロイキン10(IL-10)を産生及び/又は分泌する活性化マクロファージ、又は好ましくはCD11b CD11c、CD11b CD80、CD11c CD80、CD11c CD86、CD11c MHCII及びCD11c CD123の発現を有する樹状細胞からなる群から選択され、好ましくは、分化単球はレクチン様酸化低密度リポタンパク質受容体-1(Lox1+)、C-X-Cケモカイン受容体タイプ7(CXCR7+)及び核因子(赤血球由来2)様2(NRF2+)を発現する泡沫細胞ではない。泡沫細胞は、血管壁の脂肪性沈着物に局在化し、そこで低密度リポタンパク質を捕食し、脂質がロードされ、泡沫状外観が与えられるマクロファージの一種である。これらの細胞はプラーク成長に関与する様々な物質を分泌し、それらの死により炎症が促進されるため、心血管疾患に寄与する;
(iii)単球又は活性化単球が、好ましくはCCR1、CCR2、CXR4及びCXR6からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのケモカイン受容体、又は好ましくはマクロファージコロニー刺激因子受容体(CD115)、顆粒球コロニー刺激因子受容体(CD114)及び顆粒球-マクロファージコロニー刺激因子受容体(CD116及びCD131からなる)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成長因子受容体を発現する。これらの特徴の単球は炎症状態及び癌の治療に特に好適である;
(iv)リンパ球が、CD3+及びCD4+若しくはCD8+ Tリンパ球、若しくはCD19+、CD20+、CD21+、CD19+ CD20+、CD19+ CD21+、CD20+CD21+若しくはCD19+ CD20+ CD21+Bリンパ球からなる群から選択される;又は、
(v)顆粒球が、好中球、好ましくはCD66b+好中球、好酸球及び好塩基球、好ましくはCD193+好酸球からなる群から選択される。
(i)マクロファージ上の発現マーカーを変化させることが可能な因子との、好ましくは、
(a)少なくとも1つのM1誘導因子との、
(b)少なくとも1つのM2誘導因子との、若しくは、
(c)サイトカイン、好ましくはIL-10及びIL-12、ケモカインを分泌する、及び/又はiNOS、アルギナーゼ若しくは他の免疫調節酵素を産生するマクロファージの能力を変化させることが可能な因子(かかる因子の例は活性化血小板、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13、抗原と抗体との免疫複合体、IgG、熱活性化γ-グロブリン、糖質コルチコステロイド、腫瘍成長因子-β(TGF-β)、IL-1R、CC-ケモカインリガンド2(CCL-2)、IL-6、マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(M-CSF)、ペルオキシソーム増殖因子活性化受容体γ(PPARγ)アゴニスト、白血球阻止因子(LIF)、アデノシン、蠕虫感染及び真菌感染、リポ多糖(LPS)、インターフェロンγ(INF-γ)、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF)、並びにウイルス感染及び細菌感染である;この点で、M1誘導因子、特にLPSによる単球の活性化が細胞にiNOSを発現させ、M1誘導因子、特にLPSによる単球の活性化が細胞にアルギナーゼ-1を発現させず、M2誘導因子、特にIL-4による単球の活性化が細胞にアルギナーゼ-1を発現させ、M2誘導因子、特にIL-4による単球の活性化が細胞にiNOSを発現させないことが観察された)との、
単球若しくはマクロファージ、若しくはそれらの前駆体のin vitroインキュベーションによって作製可能であり、
(ii)以下の抗原:CD64、CD86、CD16、CD32の少なくとも1つの発現、MHCIIの高発現、及び/又はiNOS及び/又はIL-12の産生を特徴とし、
(iii)マクロファージの貪食能力を誘導することが可能な因子、例えばIL-18、オプソニン(例えば、iC3b等の補体由来タンパク質、免疫グロブリンG)、カルシトニン遺伝子関連ペプチド(CGRP)、リポ多糖(LPS)、インターフェロンγ(INF-γ)、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF)、ウイルス感染及び/又は細菌感染との単球若しくはマクロファージのin vitroインキュベーションによって作製可能であり、
(iv)以下の抗原:CD204、CD206、CD200R;CCR2、トランスフェリン受容体(TfR)、CXC-モチーフ(motif)ケモカイン受容体4(CXCR4)、CD163、及び/又はT細胞免疫グロブリン-ドメイン及びムチン-ドメイン2(TIM-2)の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、及び/又はMHCIIの低発現を示し(これらの特性を有する活性化マクロファージは、フェリチンを鉄結合タンパク質として含む複合体に特に好適である)、
(v)貪食能力を有し、及び/又は、
(vi)サイトカイン、好ましくはIL-12若しくはIL-10の分泌、若しくは誘導性一酸化窒素合成酵素(iNOS)(又は他の炎症誘発性化合物)、アルギナーゼ若しくは他の免疫抑制性/抗炎症性化合物の産生が可能である。
(i)CD34+造血前駆細胞から作製可能であり、
(ii)少なくとも1つの誘導因子、好ましくはM1又はM2誘導因子、より好ましくは少なくとも1つのM2誘導因子との単球のinvitroインキュベーションによって作製可能であり、
(iii)以下の抗原:TfR、CD163、TIM-2、CD14、CD16、CD33及び/又はCD115の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、
(iv)以下の抗原:TfR、CD163、TIM-2、CXCR4、CD14及び/又はCD16の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、及び/又は、
(v)貪食能力を有する。
(i)血液、脾臓若しくは骨髄から得られるか、又は当業者に既知であり、また例えばLefort and Kim, 2010, J Vis Exp 40: 2017、Tassone and Fidler, 2012, Methods in Molecular Biology882: 351-357、Kouro et al. 2005, Current Protocols inImmunology, 66:F22F.1:22F.1.1-22F.1.9.に記載されるようにCD34+前駆細胞から作製可能であり、
(ii)免疫適格リンパ球であり、
(iii)抗原特異的T細胞受容体を発現し、及び/又は、
(iv)以下の抗原:(a)CD3及びCD4若しくはCD8、又は(b)CD19、CD20、CD21、CD19 CD20、CD19 CD21、CD20CD21若しくはCD19 CD20 CD21抗原の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、好ましくは免疫グロブリンを産生することが可能である。
(i)血液、脾臓若しくは骨髄から得られるか、又は例えばKuhs et al. 2015, Curr Protoc Immunol 111:7.23-1-7.23.16、Coquery et al. 2012, Cytometry A 81(9): 806-814、Swemydas and Lionakis 2013, J Vis Exp 77: 50586.に記載のようにCD34+前駆細胞から作製可能であり、
(ii)CD66b及び/又はCD193の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、
(iii)その細胞質における顆粒の存在を特徴とする多形核白血球であり、及び/又は、
(iii)TfR、CD163、TIM-2及び/又はCXCR4の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とする。
a)上記の精製鉄結合タンパク質を準備する工程と、
b)有効成分を鉄結合タンパク質に共有結合的若しくは非共有結合的に連結する、及び/又は有効成分を鉄結合タンパク質に封入する工程と、
c)上記のCD45+白血球細胞を準備する工程と、
d)CD45+白血球細胞を、工程b)において作製される鉄結合タンパク質と有効成分との複合体の存在下で、該CD45+白血球細胞に工程b)において作製される該鉄結合タンパク質と有効成分との複合体が少なくとも部分的にロードされるまでインキュベートする工程と、
を含む、方法に関する。
本発明に使用されるマクロファージを以下のように得て、分化させ、活性化させた。マクロファージを活性化するために、マクロファージを初めに骨髄前駆体(例えば、論文:Weischenfeld and Porse, 2008, CSHProtoc, doi. 10.1101/pdb.prot.5080を参照されたい)又は血液単球から得る。代替的には、マクロファージを腹膜から得ることができる。マクロファージの単離、培養、分化及び極性化/活性化の方法は当業者に既知である。例えば、これらはMurray et al. (Immunity, 2014,41(1):14-20)によって詳細に記載されている。
本発明のこの実用化において単球を得るために、骨髄由来又は脾臓由来単球をBALB/c又はC57Bl/6マウスから得た。また、イヌ血液単球又は市販の単球細胞株(単球-マクロファージ系統マウス細胞:RAW 264.7、J744、ヒト:THP-1、U937又はイヌDH82細胞株)を使用した。
顆粒球細胞を血液から得るために、9部の血液を1部のACD緩衝液(0.17 M d-グルコース、0.10 Mクエン酸、0.11 Mクエン酸三ナトリウムを含有する)で希釈した。この工程からの血液を1:1比のPBSで更に希釈し、遠心分離した。血漿及びバフィーコートを除去した後、残りの細胞を第1の工程(ACD-血液)の元の容量の80%までPBSと混合し、続いて4:12の比率の冷蒸留水で希釈した。次いで、6部の2.7%NaCl溶液を添加し、遠心分離した。上清を除去した後、細胞をRPMI-1640培地に再懸濁した。これらの細胞を顆粒球とみなした。
本発明のこの実用化において脾臓由来リンパ球を得るために、脾臓を機械的に解離して単一細胞懸濁液を得て、70 μmセルストレーナーに通した。細胞を遠心分離し、上清を除去した。赤血球溶解の後、リンパ球を磁性ビーズ精製、例えばEasySep Mouse CD4+Enrichment Kitプロトコル及び適切な磁石を用いて単離した。
フェリチンに抗癌剤(例えばシクロホスファミド、クロラムブシル、メルファラン、ベンダムスチン、バノキサントロンのような古典的薬物、又はTH-302のような低酸素活性化プロドラッグ)を組み込むために、フェリチンをマクロファージ処理前に調製する必要がある。簡潔に述べると、配列番号4による組み換えマウスタンパク質(図1)を以下のように得る。配列番号4のフェリチンタンパク質をコードする合成遺伝子を含有する発現ベクターpET-22bを、大腸菌(E. coli)BL21(DE3)に形質転換した。大腸菌培養物を、アンピシリン(100 mg/L)を添加した1 LのLuria-Bertaniブロス(LB)中、37℃でOD600 0.6まで成長させた。タンパク質発現を1 mMイソプロピルチオ-b-D-ガラクトシド(IPTG)の添加によって誘導し、培養物を一晩インキュベートした。細胞を遠心分離(15000gで15分間)によって採取し、20 mM Hepes(pH 7.5)、150 mM NaCl、0.1mg/mL DNase、10 mM MgCl2中に懸濁し、超音波処理によって破壊した。溶解物を15000 gで30分間遠心分離し、上清を50℃で10分間処理し、遠心分離して変性タンパク質を除去した後、70℃で10分間再び遠心分離した。上清に30%(NH)4SO4を4℃で添加し、1時間撹拌し、15000 gで30分間遠心分離した。上清に70%(NH)4SO4を4℃で添加し、1時間撹拌し、15000 gで30分間遠心分離した。ペレットを20 mM Hepes(pH 7.5)、150 mM NaCl中に再懸濁し、同じ緩衝液に対して4℃で一晩透析した。タンパク質をHILOAD 26/600 SUPERDEX 200ゲル濾過カラム(GE-Healthcare)にロードした後、滅菌濾過し、4℃で保管した(図9)。タンパク質濃度を、21000 M-1 m-1のモル吸光係数を用いた280 nmでの分光光度法及び595 nmでの吸光度を測定するブラッドフォードアッセイによって決定した。
ヒトヘモグロビンを、Rossi-Fanelli et al. (Archives of biochemistry and biophysics77:478-492, 1958)に記載のように新鮮赤血球から調製する。簡潔に述べると、健常ドナーから得られるヘパリン化血を、1600 rpmで30分間遠心分離し(4℃)、RBCを沈殿させた。バフィーコートをペレットの表面上の針吸引によって正確に除去した。血漿上清を捨て、等張0.9%生理食塩溶液中にRBCを再懸濁し、1600 rpm、4℃で30分間遠心分離することによってRBCペレットを3回洗浄した。最終生理食塩水洗浄及び遠心分離工程後に、RBCペレットを5 mMリン酸カリウム緩衝液(PB、pH=7.2)でpH 7.2に緩衝化した蒸留水中に再懸濁し、穏やかに撹拌しながら4℃で一晩溶解させた。透析RBC溶解物を続いて13.000 (13000?)rpm、4℃で30分間遠心分離し、Q-sepharose XL樹脂(GE Healthcare)を充填したXK 26/40カラムを備えるAKTA Explorerシステムに上清を室温で直接ロードした。カラムを緩衝液A(20 mMトリス-HCl、pH=8.2)により12 mL/分の流速で平衡化し、同じ緩衝液で3回洗浄した。線形勾配溶出を、100%緩衝液Aから75%緩衝液B(20 mMトリス-Cl+0.2 MNaCl(pH 8.20))、続いて100%緩衝液Bの段階勾配へと変化させることによって生成した。溶出時に、フラクションコレクターを用いてタンパク質画分を回収した。このようにして得られたタンパク質をSDS pageによって分析し、-80℃で凍結保管した。
血清を健常ドナーから得て、キレート剤としてのクエン酸イオン及びトランスフェリンへの鉄結合を促進する重炭酸塩の存在下で過剰な鉄を添加した。反応混合物は、血清100 mL当たり6.5 mgの重炭酸ナトリウム及び153.16のクエン酸酸化鉄(pH=8、4℃、1時間)を含有していた。アルブミンを続いて、アルコール溶液を血清サンプルに3.5V/V比で添加することにより、4℃及びpH=9.4で2時間Rivanol(4%)によって沈殿させた。次いで、溶液を3000 rpmで20分間遠心分離し、0.8mmシリンジフィルターで濾過することによって最後に濾過した。過剰なRivanolを続いて、0.025 M硫酸アンモニウム中のSephadex G-25カラムでのゲル濾過によって除去した。50%飽和硫酸アンモニウム(pH=6.5)による最初の沈殿を続いて行い、その後3000 rpmで10分間の遠心分離を行った(免疫グロブリン除去)。次いで、80%飽和硫酸アンモニウムでの2回目の沈殿を行い、トランスフェリン沈殿物を回収した。次いで、固体沈殿物を、1 M NaClを含有する0.06 MトリスHCl緩衝液(pH=8)中の緩衝液に溶解した。溶液を同じ緩衝液中で透析して、硫酸アンモニウムを完全に除去した。次いで、タンパク質溶液を、centricon PM50遠心濃縮器を用いて10 mg/ml~15 mg/ml(ブラッドフォード法によって推定される)まで濃縮し、1M NaClで平衡化したSephadex G-100ゲル濾過カラム(2.4×80 cm)に15 ml/時間の流速でロードした。このようにして得られたトランスフェリンは、SDS pageにより純度88%~90%であることが推定された。次いで、陰イオン交換体DEAE Sephadex A-50によるイオン交換クロマトグラフィーを最終精製(polishing)工程として使用した。トランスフェリンサンプルを0.06 MトリスHCl(pH=8)で平衡化したカラムにロードし、溶出緩衝液0.3 MトリスHCl(pH=8)を用いた線形濃度勾配により溶出した。タンパク質純度は98%超であり、収率は血清100 mL当たり約150 mgであった。
得られる細胞をフェリチン溶液中、それらの完全なロードに適当なフェリチン/細胞比を確実にし、また治療効果を得るために適当な薬物含量を確実にするのに十分な時間及び濃度でインキュベートする)。時間及び濃度はフェリチンケージに封入/吸着される分子の数、細胞活性化の状態、条件及びそれらの意図される投与の回数に応じて変更することができる。
得られる細胞をヘモグロビン溶液中、それらの完全なロードに適当なヘモグロビン/細胞比を確実にし、また治療効果を得るために適当な薬物含量を確実にするのに十分な時間及び濃度でインキュベートする)。時間及び濃度はヘモグロビン分子に連結する分子の数、細胞活性化の状態、条件及びそれらの意図される投与の回数に応じて変更することができる。
得られる細胞をトランスフェリン溶液中、それらの完全なロードに適当なトランスフェリン/細胞比を確実にし、また治療効果を得るために適当な薬物含量を確実にするのに十分な時間及び濃度でインキュベートする)。時間及び濃度はトランスフェリン分子に連結する分子の数、細胞活性化の状態、条件及びそれらの意図される投与の回数に応じて変更することができる。
実施例8、9及び10に記載のように調製した実施例1によるマクロファージは、フェリチン、ヘモグロビン、トランスフェリンを癌細胞:マウス乳癌、結腸癌、イヌ乳癌、ヒト乳癌、膵癌及び膀胱癌へと非常に容易に輸送する(図4、図10)。さらに、この移行は非癌細胞よりも癌細胞にはるかに特異的である(図11)。しかしながら、癌細胞の場合、両方の細胞型の比率が非常に重要である。マクロファージが多いほど、輸送はより良好かつ迅速となる。最も効率的な癌細胞への移行は、マクロファージと癌細胞との比率が1:1以上である場合に観察された。
実施例8、9及び10に記載のように調製した実施例2による単球は、フェリチン、ヘモグロビン、トランスフェリンを癌細胞へと非常に容易に輸送する(図14)。しかしながら、両方の細胞型の比率が非常に重要である。単球が多いほど、輸送はより良好かつ迅速となる。最も効率的な癌細胞への移行は、単球と癌細胞との比率が1:1以上である場合に観察された。
実施例8、9及び10に記載のように調製した実施例3による顆粒球は、フェリチン、ヘモグロビン、トランスフェリンを癌細胞へと非常に容易に輸送する(図15)。しかしながら、両方の細胞型の比率が非常に重要である。顆粒球が多いほど、輸送はより良好かつ迅速となる。最も効率的な癌細胞への移行は、顆粒球と癌細胞との比率が1:1以上である場合に観察された。
実施例8、9及び10に記載のように調製した実施例4によるリンパ球は、フェリチン、ヘモグロビン、トランスフェリンを癌細胞へと非常に容易に輸送する(図16)。しかしながら、両方の細胞型の比率が非常に重要である。リンパ球が多いほど、輸送はより良好かつ迅速となる。最も効率的な癌細胞への移行は、リンパ球と癌細胞との比率が1:1以上である場合に観察された。
上記のように調製したマクロファージを、腫瘍を有する動物の尾静脈へと注射する(適切な数のマクロファージを腫瘍サイズ、発生の段階及び転移の存在に対して調整する必要がある)。図2及び図17に示されるように、マクロファージは特異的に腫瘍に到達し(数時間後)、動物全体の他の器官にも分散する(図18)。さらに、図19に示されるように、低酸素モデルでは、マクロファージは無血管の低酸素部位へと移動し、担体タンパク質を癌細胞へと移行することが可能である(図3及び図20)。
本発明に記載される標的化送達系の標的化は、フェリチンと造影剤とのカップリングによって追跡することができる。図21に示されるように、実施例8に記載のように造影剤(この場合、フェリハイドライト、しかしながらアイソトープ、例えば123Iによっても同じ結果が得られる)とカップリングした又はアイソトープ(この場合、18F-FDG)(図21)で標識したフェリチンをロードした1 ml~50 mlのマクロファージの注射後に、これらをMRI、PET又はSPECTによって容易に検出することができる。本実施例では(図7)、乳腺腫瘍担持マウスを、フェリチンFhをロードしたマクロファージの静脈内注射の3時間、22時間及び24時間後にMRIによってイメージングした。マウスをマクロファージで処理した(0時間の時点)。次いで、注射したマクロファージで満たされた血管の直径の増大(矢印)(顕著なT2-シグナルの低減をもたらす)、その後マクロファージの組織への広がり(スポット状パターン;矢印)が観察された。これらの変化(同じ時点)は検査した全てのマウスに観察された。
1. 有効成分を運搬するフェリチンがロードされた活性化マクロファージを含む標的化送達系。
2. フェリチンによって運搬される有効成分が抗癌剤である、実施形態1による標的化送達系。
3. 抗癌剤がアポトーシス誘導剤である、実施形態2による標的化送達系。
4. 抗癌剤がシクロホスファミド、クロラムブシル、メルファラン、ベンダムスチン及びバノキサントロンを含む群から選択される、実施形態2による標的化送達系。
5. 有効成分が低酸素活性化プロドラッグである、実施形態1による標的化送達系。
6. 低酸素活性化プロドラッグがTH-302である、実施形態5による標的化送達系。
7. 有効成分を運搬するフェリチンがロードされた活性化マクロファージを含む標的化送達系を作製する方法であって、
a)フェリチンを精製する工程と、
b)フェリチンと上記有効成分とを連結することによって、有効成分を運搬するフェリチンを得る工程と、
c)単離マクロファージを活性化する工程と、
d)有効成分を運搬するフェリチンのマクロファージへの完全なロードを確実にするのに十分な時間及びフェリチン濃度で、工程b)において得られる有効成分を運搬するフェリチンの溶液中でマクロファージをインキュベートする工程と、
を含む、方法。
8. 活性化マクロファージが骨髄由来のマクロファージである、実施形態7の方法。
9. 活性化マクロファージが血液由来のマクロファージである、実施形態7の方法。
10. 活性化マクロファージがマクロファージ細胞株に由来する、実施形態7の方法。
11. 活性化マクロファージがM1又はM2へと偏向したマクロファージである、実施形態7~10のいずれか1つの方法。
12. 活性化マクロファージがM2へと偏向している、実施形態11の方法。
13. 活性化マクロファージが鉄代謝に関して操作されている、実施形態11の方法。
14. フェリチンによって運搬される有効成分が抗癌剤である、実施形態7~13のいずれか1つの方法。
15. 抗癌剤がアポトーシス/自食作用又は壊死誘導剤である、実施形態14の方法。
16. 抗癌剤がシクロホスファミド、クロラムブシル、メルファラン、ベンダムスチン及びバノキサントロンを含む群から選択される、実施形態14の方法。
17. 有効成分が低酸素活性化プロドラッグである、実施形態7~13のいずれか1つの方法。
18. 低酸素活性化プロドラッグがTH-302である、実施形態17の方法。
19. 抗癌剤標的化送達系として使用される、実施形態1~6のいずれかに規定の標的化送達系。
20. 固形腫瘍成長の予防/治療に使用される、実施形態1~6のいずれかに規定の標的化送達系。
21. 炎症性疾患の治療における実施形態1~6のいずれかに規定の標的化送達系の使用。
22. 虚血領域の治療又はイメージング(imaging)における実施形態1~6のいずれかに規定の標的化送達系の使用。
図1
Mammalianferritin H chain (SEQ ID NO: 1 to 7) 哺乳動物フェリチンH鎖(配列番号1~7)
SEQ ID NO 配列番号
Mammalianferritin L chain (SEQ ID NO: 8 to 14) 哺乳動物フェリチンL鎖(配列番号8~14)
Mammalianhaemoglobin alpha chains (SEQ ID NO: 15 to 18) 哺乳動物ヘモグロビンα鎖(配列番号15~18)
Mammalianhaemoglobin beta chains (SEQ ID NO: 19 to 22) 哺乳動物ヘモグロビンβ鎖(配列番号19~22)
Mammaliantransferrins (SEQ ID NO: 23 to 28) 哺乳動物トランスフェリン(配列番号23~28)
Transferrin トランスフェリン
図5
Survival 生存
Percentsurvival 生存率
Time (d) 時間(日)
Melphalan メルファラン
Chlorambucil クロラムブシル
図6
Cancer cellapoptosis (due to cyclophosphamide treatment) 癌細胞アポトーシス(シクロホスファミド処理による)
Number ofapoptotic cells アポトーシス細胞の数
condition 条件
ctrl 対照
drug 薬物
Feritin フェリチン
図8
uptake 取込み
MFI of FITC FITCのMFI
Time ofincubation インキュベーション時間
min 分
Monocyte Ftand Hb uptake 単球によるFt及びHbの取込み
Mean FluorescenceIntensity 平均蛍光強度
treatment 処理
untreated 未処理
MFI ofGranulocyte-Ft 顆粒球-FtのMFI
Time oftreatment 処理時間
MFI ofLymphocyte-Ft リンパ球-FtのMFI
図9
Ft-Banoxantrone(0.8 mg/ml) leakage from cells to the medium 細胞から培地へのFt-バノキサントロン(0.8 mg/ml)の漏出
FACS analysis FACS分析
Percentage ofcancer cells 癌細胞のパーセンテージ
h 時間
hrs 時間
Ft-Banoxantrone(0.2 mg/ml) leakage from cells to the medium 細胞から培地へのFt-バノキサントロン(0.2 mg/ml)の漏出
Relative MeanFluorescence Intensity 相対平均蛍光強度
図10
No. of cancercells loaded with Ft-FITC after 2 hrs of co-culture with macrophages pre-loadedwith Ft-FITC Ft-FITCを予めロードしたマクロファージとの共培養の2時間後のFt-FITCをロードした癌細胞の数
No. of loadedcells ロードした細胞の数
cell line 細胞株
No. of cancercells loaded with Hb-FITC after 2 hrs of co-culture with acrophages pre-loadedwith Hb-FITC Hb-FITCを予めロードしたマクロファージ(macrophages)との共培養の2時間後のHb-FITCをロードした癌細胞の数
Transferbetween species 種間の移行
Transfer frommouse RAW246.7 to human cancer cell line MDA-MB361 マウスRAW246.7からヒト癌細胞株MDA-MB361への移行
protein タンパク質
human bladdercancer ヒト膀胱癌
human breastcancer ヒト乳癌
Panc01 andMiaPaCe Panc01及びMiaPaCe
humanpancreatic cancer ヒト膵癌
caninemammary carcinoma イヌ乳癌
図11
Percentage ofacceptor cells with Ft-FITC Ft-FITCを有する受容細胞のパーセンテージ
time of co-culture 共培養の時間
図12
EMT6 load ofFt-Banoxantrone (0.2 mg/ml Ft-0.65 mg Banox) after 2 hrs co-culture withRAW264.7 pre-loaded with Ft-Banox Ft-Banoxを予めロードしたRAW264.7との共培養の2時間後のFt-バノキサントロン(0.2 mg/ml Ft-0.65 mg Banox)のEMT6ロード
MeanFluorescence Intensity 平均蛍光強度
treatment 処理
No. of loadedcells ロードされた細胞の数
図13
Number ofapoptotic cells アポトーシス細胞の数
図14
% of cellsrecieving iron-binding protein-FITC from human monocyte due to co-culture 共培養によりヒト単球から鉄結合タンパク質-FITCを受ける(receiving)細胞の%
No. of loadedcells ロードされた細胞の数
Transporter 輸送体
図15
MFI ofCMT-U27 cells cultured with loaded granulocytes ロードされた顆粒球と培養したCMT-U27細胞のMFI
MeanFluorescence Intensity 平均蛍光強度
untreated 未処理
transferedcompound 移行した化合物
MFI ofCMT-U309 cells cultured with loaded granulocytes ロードされた顆粒球と培養したCMT-U309細胞のMFI
Number ofCMT-U27 cells cultured with loaded granulocytes ロードされた顆粒球と培養したCMT-U27細胞の数
No. of cells 細胞の数
Number ofCMT-U309 cells cultured with loaded granulocytes ロードされた顆粒球と培養したCMT-U309細胞の数
図16
MFI of EMT6 cellscultured with loaded CD4+ cells ロードされたCD4+細胞と培養したEMT6細胞のMFI
MeanFluorescence Intensity 平均蛍光強度
untreated 未処理
Ferritin フェリチン
Hemoglobin ヘモグロビン
transferedcompound 移行した化合物
MFI of 4T1cells cultured with loaded CD4+ cells ロードされたCD4+細胞と培養した4T1細胞のMFI
MFI of CT26cells cultured with loaded CD4+ cells ロードされたCD4+細胞と培養したCT26細胞のMFI
Number of EMT6cells cultured with loaded CD4+ ロードされたCD4+と培養したEMT6細胞の数
No. of cells 細胞の数
Number of 4T1cells cultured with loaded CD4+ ロードされたCD4+と培養した4T1細胞の数
Number of CT26cells cultured with loaded CD4+ ロードされたCD4+と培養したCT26細胞の数
図17
macrophage マクロファージ
plainferritin-FITC 素フェリチン-FITC
図18
control 対照
tumor 腫瘍
injectionsite 注射部位
図21
LungRadioactivity 肺放射活性
naive miceMQ-FDG ナイーブマウスMQ-FDG
Graph legend グラフの説明
Mice withmetastatic 4T1 tumour + intravenous macrophages loaded with 18F-FDG 転移性4T1腫瘍を有するマウス+18F-FDGをロードした静脈内マクロファージ
Mice withmetastatic 4T1 tumour + intravenous free18F-FDG 転移性4T1腫瘍を有するマウス+静脈内遊離18F-FDG
Naive micewithout tumour + intravenous macrophages loaded with 18F-FDG 腫瘍を有しないナイーブマウス+18F-FDGをロードした静脈内マクロファージ
Claims (21)
- CD45+白血球細胞を含み、該細胞内に1つ以上の鉄結合タンパク質と薬物との複合体を含む、腫瘍、炎症領域、及び/又は低酸素マーカーpimonidazoloneで可視化可能な低酸素領域のin vivoで標的化するための単離標的化送達系。
- 前記白血球細胞がCD34+造血前駆細胞から作製可能である、請求項1に記載の単離標的化送達系。
- 前記白血球が単球、マクロファージを含む分化単球、リンパ球及び顆粒球からなる群から選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の単離標的化送達系。
- (i)前記単球がCD11b+ CD14+単球、CD11b+CD16+単球、CD11b+ CD14+ CD16+単球、CD11b+ CD14+ MHCII+単球、CD11b+ CD14+CD115+単球、CD11b+ CD114+単球、CD11b+CD116+単球、CD11b+ CCR1+単球、CD11b+ CCR2+単球、CD11b+CX3CR+単球、CD11b+ CXR4+単球、CD11b+ CXR6+単球及びCD11b+CD14+ CD33+単球からなる群から選択されるCD11b+単球であり、
(ii)前記分化単球がマクロファージ、活性化マクロファージ若しくはCD11b+マクロファージ若しくはCD11b+CD16+マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD32+マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD64+マクロファージ、CD11b+CD68+マクロファージ若しくはCD11b+ CD86+ M1マクロファージ、若しくはiNOSを産生する及び/又はインターロイキン12(IL-12)を分泌するもの、若しくはCD11b+CCR2+ M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD204+M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD206+M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD204+ CD206+ M2マクロファージ、CD11b+主要組織適合遺伝子複合体II+(MHCII+)(低発現又は高発現)M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD200R+ M2マクロファージ、CD11b+ CD163+ M2マクロファージ、若しくはアルギナーゼを産生する及び/又はインターロイキン10(IL-10)を分泌する活性化マクロファージ;若しくはCD11bCD11c、CD11b CD80、CD11c CD80、CD11c CD86、CD11c MHCII及びCD11c CD123の発現を有する樹状細胞からなる群から選択され、若しくは前記分化単球がLox1+、CXCR7+及びNRF2+泡沫細胞ではなく、
(iii)単球若しくは活性化単球がCCR1、CCR2+、CXR4+及びCXR6+からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのケモカイン受容体、若しくはマクロファージコロニー刺激因子受容体(CD115)、顆粒球コロニー刺激因子受容体(CD114)及び顆粒球-マクロファージコロニー刺激因子受容体(CD116及びCD131からなる)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの成長因子受容体を発現し、これらの特徴の単球が炎症状態及び癌の治療に好適であり、
(iv)前記リンパ球がCD3+及びCD4+若しくはCD8+ Tリンパ球、若しくはCD19+、CD20+、CD21+、CD19+ CD20+、CD19+ CD21+、CD20+CD21+若しくはCD19+ CD20+ CD21+Bリンパ球からなる群から選択され、又は、
(v)前記顆粒球が好中球、若しくはCD66b+好中球、好酸球及び好塩基球、若しくはCD193+好酸球からなる群から選択される、
請求項3に記載の単離標的化送達系。 - 前記活性化マクロファージが、
(i)マクロファージ上の発現マーカーを変化させることが可能な因子との、若しくは、
(a)少なくとも1つのM1誘導因子との、
(b)少なくとも1つのM2誘導因子との、若しくは、
(c)サイトカイン、若しくはIL-10及びIL-12、ケモカインを分泌する、及び/又はiNOS、アルギナーゼ若しくは他の免疫調節酵素を産生するマクロファージの能力を変化させることが可能な因子との、
単球又はマクロファージのin vitroインキュベーションによって作製可能であり、
(ii)以下の抗原:CD64、CD86、CD16、CD32の少なくとも1つの発現、MHCIIの高発現、及び/又はiNOS及び/又はIL-12の産生を特徴とし、
(iii)マクロファージの貪食能力を誘導することが可能な因子との単球又はマクロファージのinvitroインキュベーションによって作製可能であり、
(iv)以下の抗原:CD204、CD206、CD200R;CCR2、トランスフェリン受容体(TfR)、CXC-モチーフケモカイン受容体4(CXCR4)、CD163、及び/又はT細胞免疫グロブリン-ドメイン及びムチン-ドメイン2(TIM-2)の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、及び/又はMHCIIの低発現を示し、
(v)貪食能力を有し、及び/又は、
(vi)サイトカイン若しくはIL-12若しくはIL-10の分泌、又は誘導性一酸化窒素合成酵素(iNOS)又は他の炎症誘発性化合物、アルギナーゼ又は他の免疫抑制性/抗炎症性化合物の産生が可能である、
請求項4に記載の単離標的化送達系。 - (i)前記M1誘導因子がLPS、INF-γ、GM-CSF、並びにウイルス感染及び細菌感染からなる群から選択され、又は、
(ii)前記M2誘導因子がIL-4、IL-10、IL-13、抗原と抗体との免疫複合体、IgG、熱活性化γ-グロブリン、糖質コルチコステロイド、TGF-β、IL-1R、CCL-2、IL-6、M-CSF、PPARγアゴニスト、白血球阻止因子、アデノシン、蠕虫感染及び真菌感染からなる群から選択される、
請求項5に記載の標的化送達系。 - 前記単球が、
(i)CD34+造血前駆細胞から作製可能であり、
(ii)少なくとも1つの誘導因子、若しくはM1又はM2誘導因子、若しくは少なくとも1つのM2誘導因子との単球のinvitroインキュベーションによって作製可能であり、
(iii)以下の抗原:TfR+、CD163+、TIM-2+、CD14+、CD16+、CD33+及び/又はCD115+の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、
(iv)以下の抗原:TfR+、CD163+、TIM-2+、CXCR4+、CD14+及び/又はCD16+の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、及び/又は、
(v)貪食能力を有する、
請求項4に記載の単離標的化送達系。 - (i)前記M1誘導因子がLPS、INF-γ、GM-CSF、又はウイルス感染若しくは細菌感染からなる群から選択され、
(ii)前記M2誘導因子がIL-4、IL-10、IL-13、抗原と抗体との免疫複合体、IgG、熱活性化γ-グロブリン、糖質コルチコステロイド、TGF-β、IL-1R、CCL-2、IL-6、M-CSF、PPARγアゴニスト、白血球阻止因子、癌馴化培地、癌細胞、アデノシン、及び蠕虫感染又は真菌感染からなる群から選択される、
請求項7に記載の標的化送達系。 - 前記リンパ球が、
(i)血液、脾臓若しくは骨髄から得られるか、又はCD34+前駆細胞から作製可能であり、
(ii)免疫適格リンパ球であり、
(iii)抗原特異的T細胞受容体を発現し、及び/又は、
(iv)以下の抗原:(a)CD3+及びCD4+若しくはCD8+、又は(b)CD19+、CD20+、CD21+、CD19+ CD20+、CD19+ CD21+、CD20+CD21+若しくはCD19+ CD20+ CD21+抗原の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、若しくは免疫グロブリンを産生することが可能である、
請求項4に記載の単離標的化送達系。 - 前記顆粒球が、
(i)血液、脾臓若しくは骨髄から得られるか、又はCD34+前駆細胞から作製可能であり、
(ii)CD66b+及び/又はCD193+の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とし、
(iii)それらの細胞質中の顆粒の存在を特徴とする多形核白血球であり、及び/又は、
(iv)TfR+、CD163+、TIM-2+及び/又はCXCR4+の少なくとも1つの発現を特徴とする、
請求項4に記載の単離標的化送達系。 - 前記鉄結合タンパク質がフェリチン若しくは重鎖(H)型フェリチン、軽鎖(L)フェリチン及び/又はミトコンドリアのフェリチン;ヘモグロビン若しくはヘモグロビンA、ヘモグロビンAS、ヘモグロビンSC、ヘモグロビンC、ヘモグロビンD、ヘモグロビンE、ヘモグロビンF、ヘモグロビンH;ヘモグロビン-ハプトグロビン複合体、ヘモペキシン、トランスフェリン;並びにラクトフェリンからなる群から選択される、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の単離標的化送達系。
- 前記薬物が、タンパク質、核酸、抗癌剤若しくは細胞増殖抑制薬、又は細胞毒性薬;抗動脈硬化薬;並びに抗炎症薬;並びに光感作化合物;ウイルス、若しくは腫瘍溶解性ウイルス;並びに薬学的に活性のある放射性同位体、細胞傷害量のα線も放出するα又はβ線放出放射性同位体、若しくはルテチウム-177、イッテルビウム-90、ヨウ素-131、サマリウム-153、リン-32、セシウム-131、パラジウム-103、ラジウム-233、ヨウ素-125及びホウ素-10からなる群から選択される細胞傷害量のγ線、又はアクチニウム-225、ビスマス-213、鉛-212及びポロニウム-212からなる群から選択される細胞傷害量のα線も放出するα又はβ線放出放射性同位体からなる群から選択される、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の単離標的化送達系。
- 前記抗癌剤がアポトーシス誘導剤、アルキル化物質、代謝拮抗物質、抗生物質、エポチロン、核内受容体アゴニスト及びアンタゴニスト、抗アンドロゲン、抗エストロゲン、白金化合物、ホルモン、抗ホルモン、インターフェロン、細胞周期依存性タンパク質キナーゼ(CDK)の阻害剤、シクロオキシゲナーゼ及び/又はリポキシゲナーゼの阻害剤、生体脂肪酸、プロスタノイド及びロイコトリエン、プロテインキナーゼの阻害剤、プロテインホスファターゼの阻害剤、脂質キナーゼの阻害剤、白金配位錯体、エチレンイミン、メチルメラミン、トリアジン、ビンカアルカロイド、ピリミジン類似体、プリン類似体、スルホン酸アルキル、葉酸類似体、アントラセンジオン、置換尿素及びメチルヒドラジン誘導体、エン-ジイン抗生物質、メイタンシノイド、オーリスタチン誘導体、免疫チェックポイント阻害剤、並びに腫瘍特異的タンパク質又はマーカーの阻害剤、若しくはRho-GDP解離阻害剤若しくはGrp94からなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の単離標的化送達系。
- 前記抗癌剤がアセジアスルホン、アクラルビシン、アンバゾン、アミノグルテチミド、L-アスパラギナーゼ、アザチオプリン、バノキサントロン、ベンダムスチン、ブレオマイシン、ブスルファン、フォリン酸カルシウム、カルボプラチン、カペシタビン、カルムスチン、セレコキシブ、クロラムブシル、シスプラチン、クラドリビン、シクロホスファミド、シタラビン、ダカルバジン、ダクチノマイシン、ダプソン、ダウノルビシン、ジブロムプロパミジン、ジエチルスチルベストロール、ドセタキセル、ドキソルビシン、エンジイン、エピルビシン、エポチロンB、エポチロンD、リン酸エストラムスチン、エストロゲン、エチニルエストラジオール、エトポシド、フラボピリドール、フロクスウリジン、フルダラビン、フルオロウラシル、フルオキシメステロン、フルタミド、ホスフェストロール、フラゾリドン、ゲムシタビン、ヘキサメチルメラミン、ヒドロキシカルバミド、ヒドロキシメチルニトロフラントイン、カプロン酸ヒドロキシプロゲステロン、ヒドロキシウレア、イダルビシン、イドクスウリジン、イホスファミド、インターフェロンα、イリノテカン、ロイプロリド、ロムスチン、ラルトテカン、マフェニドスルフェートオラミド、メクロレタミン、酢酸メドロキシプロゲステロン、酢酸メゲストロール、メルファラン、メパクリン、メルカプトプリン、メトトレキサート、メトロニダゾール、マイトマイシンC、ミトポドジド、ミトタン、ミトキサントロン、ミトラマイシン、ナリジクス酸、ニフラテル、ニフロキサジド、ニフララジン、ニフルチモクス、ニムスチン、ニモラゾール、ニトロフラントイン、ナイトロジェンマスタード、オレオムシン、オキソリン酸、ペンタミジン、ペントスタチン、フェナゾピリジン、フタリルスルファチアゾール、ピポブロマン、プレドニムスチン、プレドニゾン、プロイシン、プロカルバジン、ピリメタミン、ラルチトレキセド、ラパマイシン、ロフェコキシブ、ロシグリタゾン、サラゾスルファピリジン、塩化スクリフラビニウム、セムスチン、ストレプトゾシン、スルファカルバミド、スルファセタミド、スルファクロロピリダジン、スルファジアジン、スルファジクラミド、スルファジメトキシン、スルファエチドール、スルファフラゾール、スルファグアニジン、スルファグアノール、スルファメチゾール、スルファメトキサゾール、コトリモキサゾール、スルファメトキシジアジン、スルファメトキシピリダジン、スルファモキソール、スルファニルアミド、スルファペリン、スルファフェナゾール、スルファチアゾール、スルフイソミジン、スタウロスポリン、タモキシフェン、タキソール、テニポシド、ターチポシド、テストラクトン、プロピオン酸テストステロン、チオグアニン、チオテパ、チニダゾール、トポテカン、トリアジコン、トレオスルファン、トリメトプリム、トロホスファミド、UCN-01、ビンブラスチン、ビンクリスチン、ビンデシン、ビンブラスチン、ビノレルビン及びゾルビシンであり、又はオーリスタチン、バノキサントロン、ベンダムスチン、クロラムブシル、カリケアマイシン、ジネマイシンA、メイタンシン、メルファラン、メルタンシン及びネオカルチノスタチンからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の単離標的化送達系。
- 前記抗癌剤が増殖阻害タンパク質、若しくは細胞周期阻害剤、又は増殖促進タンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体若しくは抗体様結合タンパク質、又は増殖阻害タンパク質、若しくは増殖促進タンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体若しくは抗体様結合タンパク質をコードする核酸、又はsiRNA若しくはDNAザイムである、請求項12に記載の単離標的化送達系。
- 前記薬物が、ベンゾトリアジンN-オキシド、アパジコン(EO9)、チラパザミン(TPN)、SN30000、PR-104A、TH-302、TH-4000、AQ4Nからなる群から選択される、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の単離標的化送達系。
- (i)前記複合体に含まれる前記鉄結合タンパク質(複数の場合もある)と前記薬物との間の結合(複数の場合もある)が共有結合性及び/又は非共有結合性であり、及び/又は、
(ii)前記複合体に含まれる前記薬物が前記鉄結合タンパク質又はその多量体によって捕捉/封入される、
請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の単離標的化送達系。 - 請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の単離標的化送達系を作製する方法であって、
a)精製鉄結合タンパク質を準備する工程と、
b)薬物を鉄結合タンパク質に共有結合的若しくは非共有結合的に連結する、及び/又は薬物を鉄結合タンパク質に封入する工程と、
c)CD45+白血球細胞を準備する工程と、
d)前記CD45+白血球細胞を、工程b)において作製される前記鉄結合タンパク質の存在下で、該CD45+白血球細胞に工程b)において作製される該鉄結合タンパク質が少なくとも部分的にロードされるまでインキュベートする工程と、
を含む、方法。 - 薬剤として使用される、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の単離標的化送達系。
- 請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の単離標的化送達系と、薬学的に許容可能な担体及び/又は好適な賦形剤(複数の場合もある)とを含む医薬組成物。
- 腫瘍、若しくは固形腫瘍、又は乳癌、膵癌、膀胱癌、肺癌、結腸癌、又は皮膚創傷中、若しくは臓器梗塞(心臓)若しくは網膜虚血の後の低酸素マーカーpimonidazoloneで可視化可能な低酸素領域、炎症性疾患若しくは虚血領域を有する腫瘍の予防/治療に使用される、請求項1~17のいずれか一項に記載の単離標的化送達系。
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