JP6992809B2 - 免疫疾患の治療のための高効能幹細胞の選別方法 - Google Patents
免疫疾患の治療のための高効能幹細胞の選別方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(b)間葉系幹細胞で免疫抑制バイオマーカーの発現レベルを測定するステップ;及び
(c)前記発現レベルがIFN-γの未処理対照群と比較して増加する場合、免疫疾患の治療のための高効能幹細胞であると判定するステップ。
1-1.ヒト組織由来の間葉系幹細胞の分離及び培養
本実験は、サムスン医療院の研究審査委員会(Institutional Review Board;IRB)の承認(IRB No.2011-10-134)を受け、全てのサンプルは、事前同意を得て収集した。骨髄由来の間葉系幹細胞(BM-MSCs)、臍帯血由来の間葉系幹細胞(CB-MSCs)、脂肪組織由来の間葉系幹細胞(AT-MSCs)及びホウォートンゼリー由来の間葉系幹細胞(WJ-MSCs)は、従来知られている方法で分離した。分離された細胞は、10%のFBS(fetal bovine serum、Invitrogen-Gibco)及び100U/mLのペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(Invitrogen-Gibco)が含まれているDMEM(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium、Invitrogen-Gibco、Rockville、MD)培地を用いて2×103cells/cm2の密度でシーディングして、37℃及び5%のCO2条件下で培養した。
間葉系幹細胞を10%のFBSが添加されているhigh-glucose DMEM(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium、Invitrogen-Gibco、Rockville、MD)培地を用いて96-ウェルプレートに1.25×104cells/mlの密度でシーディングした。24時間後、前記細胞の増殖を抑制させるために10μg/mlのmitomycin-C(Sigma-Aldrich、St. Louis、MO)を添加し、追加的に37℃で2時間の間さらに培養した後、培養培地で5回洗浄した。次に、密度勾配遠心分離を通じて1×105個のヒト末梢血液単球細胞(human peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells;hPBMCs)を分離し、各ウェルに添加した後、T-細胞の増殖を促進させるために1μg/mLのPHA(phytohemagglutinin、Sigma-Aldrich)を処理した。PHA処理によって活性化されたヒト末梢血液単球細胞をBrdU(5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine)を添加する前に3~4日間それぞれ異なる条件の間葉系幹細胞とともに培養した。T-細胞の増殖率は、BrdUを処理し、18時間後にRoche Applied Science(Penzberg、Germany)を用いて評価した。
8~9週齢のNOD/SCID免疫欠乏マウス(Jackson Laboratories、Bar Harbor、ME)に300cGyの全身照射法を実施し、24時間後にヒト末梢血液単球細胞を静脈投与した。より具体的に、各マウスに2×107個のヒト末梢血液単球細胞を1×106個の間葉系幹細胞とともに投与した。このとき、間葉系幹細胞は、IFN-γで刺激させるか刺激させないものを用いた。その後、同じ個数の間葉系幹細胞を投与7日目に反復投与した。
IFN-γ受容体の細胞内ドメインに該当するJAK(Janus kinase)の活性抑制は、100ng/mLの抗-IFN-γ抗体(BD Biosciences)又は1μMのAG490(Calbiochem、San Diego、CA)で処理して実施し、STAT1(signal transducer and activator of transcription 1)の発現抑制は、STAT1遺伝子をターゲティングするsiRNA(Santa Cruz Biotechnology)を用い、siRNA-Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen-Gibco)複合体を37℃で12時間細胞に処理して実施した。
間葉系幹細胞を冷たいPBSで洗い、300μLの冷たいRIPA buffer(50mM Tris-HCl、pH7.5、containing 1% Triton X-100、150mM NaCl、0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)、1% sodium deoxycholate及びa protease inhibitor cocktail(Thermo Fisher Scientific、Rockford、IL))で溶解させた。その後、細胞の溶解物を4℃、3,000gで15分間遠心分離して上澄み液を集め、bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を用いてタンパク質の定量分析を行った。
IDO発現を阻害するために、human IDO shRNA(short hairpin RNA)レンチウイルスパーティクル及びIDO発現誘導レンチウイルスパーティクルをそれぞれSanta Cruz Biotechnology(sc-45939-V)(Santa Cruz、CA)及びGenTarget Inc.(LVP302)(San Diego、CA)から購入した。まず、骨髓由来幹細胞にIDO発現阻害用レンチウイルスパーティクルをトランスフェクションするために、前記細胞に10%のFBSが添加されているLG-DMEMを用いて製造した5μg/mLのポリブレン(polybrene、Santa Cruz Biotechnology)を前処理した後、MOI(multiplicity of infection)10でレンチウイルスベクターを処理した。
間葉系幹細胞に固定溶液である4%のホルムアルデヒドを処理し、光を遮断させた状態の室温で30分間反応させた後、PBSで3回洗った。細胞の内部に発現するタンパク質を検出するために、細胞に0.25%のTriton X-100を処理し、光を遮断させた状態の室温で5分間反応させて細胞透過性を高めた。その後、さらに細胞を3回洗い、5%のFBSブロッキング溶液を処理して室温で1時間反応させた後、さらに細胞を洗い、Santa Cruz Biotechnology(Santa Cruz、CA)から購入したIDO特異的抗体を処理(1:100)した後、やはり室温で1時間反応させた。次に、細胞をさらに3回洗い、Alexa Fluor(登録商標) 488が付着されているgoat anti-mouse IgG(Invitrogen-Gibco)2次抗体を処理して室温で1時間反応させ、以後、Carl Zeiss LSM 700 confocal microscope system(Jena、Germany)を用いて細胞イメージを得た。
間葉系幹細胞を200IU/mLのIFN-γ及び/又は100μg/mLのpoly I:C(Invitrogen-Gibco)が存在するか存在しない条件で24時間の間培養した後、QIAGEN RNeasy Mini Kit(QIAGEN、Valencia、CA)を用いて総RNAを抽出し、前記RNAに対して、PrimeScriptTM1st strand cDNA synthesis kit(TaKaRa Shuzo、Shiga、Japan)を用いて総RT-PCR(semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction)を実行してcDNAを合成した。
IDO forward:5'-GCGCTGTTGGAAATAGCTTC-3'
IDO reverse:5'-CAGGACGTCAAAGCACTGAA-3'(234 bp)
IFN-γ forward:5'-TTGGCTTTTCAGCTCTGCATC-3'
IFN-γ reverse:5'-GGAGACAATTTGGCTCTGCATT-3'(201 bp)
GAPDH forward:5'-TCAACGGATTTGGTCGTATTGGG-3'
GAPDH reverse:5'-TGATTTTGGAGGGATCTCGC-3'(234 bp)
全ての実験結果は、平均±標準偏差で示し、各実験条件間の差は、t-test又は分散分析を用いて分析した。P-valueが0.05未満である場合に統計的有意性があると判断した。
2-1.ヒト組織由来の間葉系幹細胞の特性分析
骨髓、臍帯血及びホウォートンゼリーから分離したヒト間葉系幹細胞を観察した結果、線維芽細胞の形態であることを確認した。一方、脂肪組織由来の間葉系幹細胞は、小さくて紡錘模様であることを観察した(図1の(a))
混合リンパ球反応(mixed lymphocyte reaction;MLR)を通じてnaive間葉系幹細胞の免疫調節特性を評価した。
末梢血液単球細胞は、間葉系幹細胞とともに培養したとき増殖が抑制され、IFN-γで刺激した間葉系幹細胞と共同培養した場合には、増殖が一層抑制されたことを確認した(図6)。
前記結果を通じて骨髓由来の間葉系幹細胞をIFN-γで刺激したとき、IDO発現が増加することを確認した。このような結果は、他の組織由来の間葉系幹細胞でも同一に現われることを確認した(図12)。
移植片対宿主病のマウスに注入された間葉系幹細胞が前記マウスの組織に存在するかを評価するために、CM-DiI染色された間葉系幹細胞を注入し、共焦点顕微鏡で観察した。
従来、間葉系幹細胞でこれらの免疫抑制能のためにTLR3(Toll-likerreceptor 3)がIDOの発現を誘導すると報告されたことがあるので、本実施例では、IFN-γにより刺激された間葉系幹細胞とTLR3が活性化された間葉系幹細胞との間の免疫抑制の活性を比較した。
脂肪組織来由の間葉系幹細胞(AT-MSC)で機能遺伝子(IDO、CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11、ICAM1、ICAM2、B7-H1、PTGDS、VCAM1及びTRAIL)発現に及ぼす影響を、IFN-γ刺激、TNF-α刺激及びTLR3活性化(poly I:C刺激)によって比較評価するためにRT-PCRを実施した。
Claims (5)
- 以下のステップを含む、免疫疾患の治療のための高効能間葉系幹細胞の選別方法:
(a)間葉系幹細胞を培養し、IFN-γで処理するステップ;
(b)間葉系幹細胞におけるTRAIL(TNF関連アポトーシス誘導リガンド)の発現レベルを測定するステップ;及び
(c)前記発現レベルがIFN-γの未処理対照群と比較して増加している場合に、免疫疾患の治療のための高効能間葉系幹細胞であると判定するステップ、
ここで、前記高効能は免疫抑制能であり、前記ステップ(a)のIFN-γは、培地内に1~100IU/mlの濃度で含まれる。 - 前記間葉系幹細胞は、臍帯、臍帯血、骨髄、脂肪、筋肉、ホウォートンゼリー、神経、皮膚、羊膜、絨毛膜、脱落膜及び胎盤からなる群より選択されるものに由来することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の選別方法。
- 前記免疫疾患は、移植片対宿主疾患、臓器移植時の拒絶反応、体液性拒絶反応、自己免疫疾患又はアレルギー性疾患であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の選別方法。
- 前記自己免疫疾患は、クローン病、紅斑病、アトピー、関節リウマチ、橋本甲状腺炎、悪性貧血、アディソン病、第1型糖尿、ルプス、慢性疲労症候群、繊維筋肉痛、甲状腺機能低下症と亢進症、硬皮症、ベーチェット病、炎症性腸疾患、多発性硬化症、重症筋無力症、メニエール症候群(Meniere’s syndrome)、ギラン・バレー症候群(Guilian-Barre syndrome)、シェーグレン症候群(Sjogren’s syndrome)、白斑症、子宮内膜症、乾癬、全身性硬皮症、喘息又は潰瘍性大腸炎であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の選別方法。
- 前記ステップ(b)のバイオマーカーの発現レベルは、ウエスタンブロッティング、抗体免疫沈降法、ELISA、質量分析法、RT-PCR、競合的RT-PCR(competitive RT-PCR)、リアルタイムRT-PCR(Real-time RT-PCR)、RNase保護分析法(RPA:RNase protection assay)、ノーザンブロッティング又はDNAチップを用いて測定することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の選別方法。
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