JP6989584B2 - Co2還元触媒、co2還元電極、co2還元反応装置およびco2還元触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
Co2還元触媒、co2還元電極、co2還元反応装置およびco2還元触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6989584B2 JP6989584B2 JP2019225311A JP2019225311A JP6989584B2 JP 6989584 B2 JP6989584 B2 JP 6989584B2 JP 2019225311 A JP2019225311 A JP 2019225311A JP 2019225311 A JP2019225311 A JP 2019225311A JP 6989584 B2 JP6989584 B2 JP 6989584B2
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Description
イオン交換膜を用いてCO2還元電極17が浸漬されている電解液と、酸化電極が浸漬されている電解液を分離することができる。イオン交換膜は、両電極が浸漬されている電解液16に含まれる一部のイオンを透過する機能、すなわち電解液16に含まれる1種以上のイオンを遮蔽する機能を有する。これにより、例えば二つの電解液との間でpHを異ならせることができる。
2CO2+4H++4e− → 2CO+2H2O
(2CO2+2H2O+4e− → 2CO+4OH−)
一方、酸化電極では、下記式(2)のように水の酸化反応が起こり、酸素と水素イオン(電解液がアルカリ性の場合:水)が生成され、電子が電源素子へと流れる。
2H2O → 4H++O2+4e−
(4OH− → 2H2O+O2+4e−)
酸化反応により生成した水素イオン(水)はCO2還元電極まで移動する。
本明細書に示した実施形態は例示であり、発明の範囲はそれらに限定されない。
塩化金酸(1mM)と、システイン(0.1mM)と、硫酸(0.5M)を含む水溶液に、導電性材料としてカーボンペーパー(SIGRACET(登録商標) Gas Diffusion Media type GDL 25AA SGL Group製)を浸漬した。
導電性材料として、ニッケル板を用いたこと以外は、実施例1に記載した条件と同じ条件にてデンドライト構造を有するCO2還元触媒を製造した。
塩化金酸(25mM)とポリビニルピロリドン(PVP、20g/L)を含む水溶液に、導電性材料としてカーボンペーパー(SIGRACET(登録商標) Gas Diffusion Media type GDL 25AA SGL Group製)を浸漬した。
塩化金酸(3mM)と硫酸(0.5M)を含む水溶液に、導電性材料としてカーボンペーパー(SIGRACET(登録商標) Gas Diffusion Media type GDL 25AA SGL Group製)を浸漬した。
[XRD測定]
実施例1で得られたデンドライト構造を有するCO2還元触媒と、実施例3で得られた微粒子の凝集体構造を有するCO2還元触媒について、X線回折(X−ray Diffraction:XRD)による回折ピークを測定した。また、対照用の金として、JCPDS(04−0784)についてXRD測定による回折ピークを測定した。測定結果を図13に示す。(a)が実施例1の回折ピークであり、(b)が実施例3の回折ピークであり、(c)が実施例4の回折ピークであり、(d)が対照用の金の回折ピークである。
実施例1で得られたデンドライト構造を有するCO2還元電極、及び、実施例3と実施例4で得られた微粒子の凝集体構造を有するCO2還元電極について、CO2還元反応における、一酸化炭素(CO)の生成選択率を測定した。
ガスクロマトグラフィーによりガス組成を分析し、イオンクロマトグラフィーにより液促成を分析した。還元反応生成物の生成量のうちCOの生成量の割合をCO生成選択率として測定した。
以下に、本願出願の当初の特許請求の範囲に記載された発明を付記する。
[1]電着により析出形成されたCO2還元触媒。
[2]デンドライト構造を有する多孔質金属層を具備し、前記多孔質金属層の表面の少なくとも一部にCO2を電気的に還元する部位を有する、[1]に記載のCO2還元触媒。
[3]前記デンドライト構造は、幹と該幹から分岐した枝を有し、前記幹と前記枝とに挟まれた角度が、68度以上92度以下である、[2]に記載のCO2還元触媒。
[4]前記デンドライト構造は、幹と該幹から分岐した枝を有し、前記幹と前記枝とに挟まれた角度が、68度以上72度以下である、[2]又は[3]に記載のCO2還元触媒。
[5]X線回折測定における{111}面に起因するピーク強度の最大値と{100}面に起因するピーク強度の最大値の比({111}/{100})が2.0以上である、[1]ないし[4]のいずれか1項に記載のCO2還元触媒。
[6]金属とチオール誘導体を含む、[1]ないし[5]のいずれか1項に記載のCO2還元触媒。
[7]一次粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の微粒子が凝集した二次粒子径200nm以上10μm以下の凝集体を含んでいる、または、粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の微粒子が30nm以上堆積した部位を含んでいる、またはその両方を含んでいる多孔質金属層を具備し、前記多孔質金属層の表面の少なくとも一部にCO2を電気的に還元する部位を有する、[1]に記載のCO2還元触媒。
[8]前記多孔質金属層は、X線回折測定における{111}面に起因するピーク強度の最大値と{100}面に起因するピーク強度の最大値の比({111}/{100})が2.0以上である、[7]に記載のCO2還元触媒。
[9]金属と界面活性剤を含む、[1]、[7]及び[8]のいずれか1項に記載のCO2還元触媒。
[10]導電性材料と、前記導電性材料と導通がとれた[1]ないし[9]のいずれか1項に記載のCO2還元触媒とを具備するCO2還元電極。
[11]多孔質構造又は貫通孔を有する[10]に記載のCO2還元電極。
[12]水を酸化する酸化電極と、[10]又は[11]に記載のCO2還元電極と、前記酸化電極および前記CO2還元電極と電気的に導通のとれた電源素子と、前記酸化電極および前記CO2還元電極と接触している電解液と、を具備するCO2還元反応装置。
[13][6]に記載のCO2還元触媒の製造方法であり、導電性材料を金属源とチオール誘導体とを含む水溶液に浸漬すること、及び、互いに異なる2つの電位を交互に印加することを含み、前記2つの電位の少なくとも一方は、前記金属源の還元電位よりも卑な電位である、CO2還元触媒の製造方法。
[14][1]、[7]ないし[9]のいずれか1項に記載のCO2還元触媒の製造方法であり、導電性材料を金属源と界面活性剤とを含む水溶液に浸漬すること、及び、還元電流を印加し、前記CO2還元触媒を前記導電性材料上に析出させることを含む、CO2還元触媒の製造方法。
[15][1]、[7]及び[8]のいずれか1項に記載のCO2還元触媒の製造方法であり、導電性材料を金属源と電解質とを含む水溶液に浸漬すること、及び、前記CO2還元触媒を前記導電性材料上に析出させることを含む、CO2還元触媒製造方法。
Claims (8)
- 金属を含む微粒子の電解析出物を含む多孔質金属層を具備したCO2還元触媒であって、前記多孔質金属層は、粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の前記微粒子が30nm以上堆積した部位を含んでいる、または、一次粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の前記微粒子が凝集した二次粒子径200nm以上10μm以下の凝集体と、前記堆積部位との両方を含み、前記堆積部位を構成する前記微粒子の各々に隣接する前記微粒子が3個以下であり、前記多孔質金属層の表面の少なくとも一部にCO2を電気的に還元する部位を有し、前記微粒子は前記金属として金を含むCO2還元触媒。
- 金属を含む微粒子と界面活性剤とを含有する電解析出物を含む多孔質金属層を具備したCO2還元触媒であって、前記多孔質金属層は、一次粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の前記微粒子が凝集した二次粒子径200nm以上10μm以下の凝集体を含んでいる、または、粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の前記微粒子が30nm以上堆積した部位を含んでいる、またはその両方を含み、前記多孔質金属層の表面の少なくとも一部にCO2を電気的に還元する部位を有し、前記微粒子は前記金属として金を含むCO2還元触媒。
- 前記多孔質金属層は、X線回折測定における{111}面に起因するピーク強度の最大値と{100}面に起因するピーク強度の最大値の比({111}/{100})が2.0以上である、請求項1又は2に記載のCO2還元触媒。
- 導電性材料と、前記導電性材料と導通がとれた請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のCO2還元触媒とを具備するCO2還元電極。
- 多孔質構造又は貫通孔を有する、請求項4に記載のCO2還元電極。
- 水を酸化する酸化電極と、請求項4又は5に記載のCO2還元電極と、前記酸化電極および前記CO2還元電極と電気的に導通のとれた電源素子と、前記酸化電極および前記CO2還元電極と接触している電解液とを具備するCO2還元反応装置。
- CO2還元触媒の製造方法であり、
前記CO 2 還元触媒は、金属を含む微粒子と界面活性剤とを含有する電解析出物を含む多孔質金属層を具備し、前記多孔質金属層は、一次粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の前記微粒子が凝集した二次粒子径200nm以上10μm以下の凝集体を含んでいる、または、粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の前記微粒子が30nm以上堆積した部位を含んでいる、またはその両方を含み、前記多孔質金属層の表面の少なくとも一部にCO 2 を電気的に還元する部位を有し、前記微粒子は前記金属として金を含み、
前記製造方法は、導電性材料を金属源と界面活性剤とを含む水溶液に浸漬すること、及び、還元電流を印加し、前記CO2還元触媒を前記導電性材料上に析出させることを含む、CO2還元触媒の製造方法。 - CO2還元触媒の製造方法であり、
前記CO 2 還元触媒は、金属を含む微粒子の電解析出物を含む多孔質金属層を具備し、前記多孔質金属層は、一次粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の前記微粒子が凝集した二次粒子径200nm以上10μm以下の凝集体を含んでいる、または、粒子径10nm以上200nm以下の前記微粒子が30nm以上堆積した部位を含んでいる、またはその両方を含み、前記多孔質金属層の表面の少なくとも一部にCO 2 を電気的に還元する部位を有し、前記微粒子は前記金属として金を含み、
前記製造方法は、導電性材料を金属源と電解質とを含む水溶液に浸漬すること、及び、前記CO2還元触媒を前記導電性材料上に析出させることを含む、CO2還元触媒の製造方法。
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