JP6982318B2 - タリウム含有廃水処理方法 - Google Patents
タリウム含有廃水処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6982318B2 JP6982318B2 JP2018246337A JP2018246337A JP6982318B2 JP 6982318 B2 JP6982318 B2 JP 6982318B2 JP 2018246337 A JP2018246337 A JP 2018246337A JP 2018246337 A JP2018246337 A JP 2018246337A JP 6982318 B2 JP6982318 B2 JP 6982318B2
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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Description
現在、タリウム除去技術は主に酸化沈殿法と、イオン交換法と、溶媒抽出法と吸着法等を含む。その中、吸着法は快速高効率と操作簡便の特点によって、最も多くの注目を集め、よく研究されている。常用の吸着剤は一定のタリウム除去効果を持つナノ二酸化マンガンと、過酸化チタンと、チタン酸塩と、酸化アルミニウムと、木屑とユーカリの葉っぱ等を採用する。科学技術文献「Selective capture of thallium(I)ion from aqueous solutions by amorphous hydrous manganese dioxide」、及び「Effective removal of trace thallium from surface water by nanosized manganese dioxide enhanced quartz sand filtration」がそれぞれ二酸化マンガン及び変性二酸化マンガンを採用してタリウム含有廃水を処理する技術プランを説明し、これは模擬配水と低濃度地表水に良い効果があるが、コストが比較的に高く、材料分離が比較的に難しくて且つ循環再生能力が比較的に弱い。中国特許CN201310572352.Xは非磁性鉄系材料を開示してまたこれによりタリウム含有廃水を処理し、この方法はコストも比較的に高く、材料分離の操作が複雑で、回収が比較的に困難で、且つ循環再生能力が比較的に弱く、タリウム濃縮回収機能を有しない。他のナノ材料は粒子径が小さいため、固液分離が比較的に困難であり、ナノタリウム除去吸着材料の普及を制限する。
水熱炭は有機物含有の水溶液により高温で製造される多孔材料であり、比表面積が大きく、化学的安定性に優れ、活性炭あるいはバイオ炭に類似し、優良な水処理吸着材料である。現在は多種の水熱炭材料があり、例えばグルコースと、澱粉と草の粉末等により優良な水熱炭を製造できる。しかし、これらの材料は強アルカリ性(pH>11)の条件においてのみ比較的に良いタリウム除去効果を得られることは実験により検証し、これは処理コストを大幅に増加し、且つ後続の処理ステップが複雑である。なお、現在大部分の水熱炭は人工合成の有機性廃水により製造されることが多く、一定の化学薬剤コストを消耗することが必要になる。
Claims (2)
- 磁性水熱炭を利用してタリウムを除去するタリウム含有廃水処理方法であって、
磁性材料が研磨されてまた篩を通過した後、前記磁性材料を反応容器の中に入れ、前記反応容器の中に有機廃水を入れ、前記有機廃水の中の有機炭素と磁性材料との質量比を0.15-3.5にさせ、180-240℃の条件で8-12h反応し、冷却した後で上澄み液を捨て、分離し、水洗し、乾燥させて、磁性水熱炭を得て、
前記磁性材料は鉄系磁性材料と、コバルト系磁性材料とニッケル系磁性材料の中の一種または複数種を選択し、
前記有機廃水は捺染工場廃水と、なめし工場廃水と、埋立浸出液との中の一種または複数種を選択し、前記有機廃水の中の有機炭素濃度は150-3000mg/Lであり、
タリウム含有廃水の中に前記磁性水熱炭と酸化剤を入れ、前記磁性水熱炭と前記酸化剤が協同して前記タリウムを除去し、
前記磁性水熱炭の添加量は0.10-0.50g/Lであり、前記酸化剤は次亜塩素酸塩を選択し、次亜塩素酸塩の添加量は2-20mmol/Lであり、協同して前記タリウムを除去する反応時間は5-30minであり、
前記タリウムを除去した後の前記磁性水熱炭は、無機酸により脱着した後で複数回繰り返し利用でき、前記タリウムの濃縮回収率が99%以上であることを特徴とするタリウム含有廃水処理方法。 - 前記磁性材料は四三酸化鉄と、ニッケルフェライトと、コバルトフェライトと、四三酸化鉄を主成分とする工業または天然磁性溶滓との中の一種または複数種を選択することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のタリウム含有廃水処理方法。
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CN201810417272.XA CN108722349B (zh) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-05-04 | 磁性水热炭的制备方法及其应用 |
CN201810417272.X | 2018-05-04 |
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CN109876770A (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-14 | 重庆大学 | 磁性水热炭吸附剂的制备方法及应用 |
CN110422887B (zh) * | 2019-08-15 | 2023-01-10 | 浙江科技学院 | 生物质基磁性水热炭的制备方法 |
CN110877911B (zh) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-07-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种磁性Na-P型沸石的合成方法 |
CN111871367B (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉纺织大学 | 一种用于染色废水处理的灯心草磁性粉体及其制备方法和应用 |
CN113546607B (zh) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-12-26 | 广东家宝城市管理科技有限公司 | 废水高效吸附净化炭基材料制备处理方法 |
CN113694887A (zh) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-26 | 桂林理工大学 | 一种以米粉废弃物为原料联产活性炭和碳量子点的方法 |
CN114377659A (zh) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-04-22 | 湖南德创永禾环保科技有限公司 | 一种纳米复合除铊剂的制备方法 |
CN115487782B (zh) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-02-20 | 青岛理工大学 | 纳米材料改性浒苔生物炭水凝胶及其制备方法与环境应用 |
CN116371385A (zh) * | 2023-01-15 | 2023-07-04 | 西北工业大学宁波研究院 | 一种同时去除污水中重金属和细菌的磁性纳米吸附剂的制备方法 |
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