JP6981619B2 - エクソソーム産生促進剤 - Google Patents
エクソソーム産生促進剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6981619B2 JP6981619B2 JP2017097551A JP2017097551A JP6981619B2 JP 6981619 B2 JP6981619 B2 JP 6981619B2 JP 2017097551 A JP2017097551 A JP 2017097551A JP 2017097551 A JP2017097551 A JP 2017097551A JP 6981619 B2 JP6981619 B2 JP 6981619B2
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- Prior art keywords
- ceramide
- exosomes
- exosome
- exosome production
- derived
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Description
項1. セラミドを有効成分とするエクソソーム産生促進剤。
項2. セラミドを構成する脂肪酸の炭素数が、6〜26である、項1に記載のエクソソーム産生促進剤。
項3. セラミドを構成するスフィンゴイド部分の炭素数が、18である、項1又は2に記載のエクソソーム産生促進剤。
項4. エクソソーム産生促進用飲食品である、項1〜3のいずれかに記載のエクソソーム産生促進剤。
項5. エクソソーム産生促進用医薬品である、項1〜3のいずれかに記載のエクソソーム産生促進剤。
本発明のエクソソーム産生促進剤は、セラミドを有効成分として使用する。
本発明のエクソソーム産生促進剤は、前述したセラミド以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、剤型に応じて、他の添加成分を含有していてもよい。本発明のエクソソーム産生促進剤に含有され得る添加成分としては、例えば、水、油脂類、ロウ類、炭化水素類、脂肪酸類、高級アルコール類、エステル類、植物抽出エキス類、水溶性高分子、界面活性剤、金属石鹸、アルコール、多価アルコール、pH調整剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、防腐剤、香料、粉体、増粘剤、色素、キレート剤などが挙げられる。これらの添加成分は、1種単独で使用してもよく、また2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。また、これらの添加成分の含有量については、使用する添加成分の種類や本発明のエクソソーム産生促進剤の剤型等に応じて適宜設定される。
本発明のエクソソーム産生促進剤の剤型については、特に限定されず、固体状、半固体状、又は液体状のいずれであってもよく、エクソソーム産生促進剤の種類、用途、投与方法などに応じて適宜設定すればよい。
以下の実験例1〜3において使用したスフィンゴ脂質は、以下の通り準備又は調製した。
1.実験方法
(1)培養細胞へのスフィンゴ脂質処理と培養上清からのエクソソーム回収
培養細胞として、ヒト神経芽細胞腫由来SH−SY5Y細胞を使用した。細胞を、培地(50%Ham’s F12/50%E−MEM)とともに6ウェルプレートに2.5×105cells/wellとなるよう播種し、37℃で24時間培養した後に、前記の動物性セラミド(Cer)、スフィンゴミエリン(SM)、又はグルコシルセラミド(GluCer)のスフィンゴ脂質をそれぞれ各ウェルに添加した。スフィンゴ脂質は、3%ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)を含む血清不含培地(50%Ham’s F12/50%E−MEM)に懸濁し、ウェル中での濃度が10μMとなるように添加した。スフィンゴ脂質の添加量が0μMの場合をコントロールとした。
スフィンゴ脂質を添加して24時間経過後に培養上清(2mL/well)を回収し、その中のエクソソームを回収した。エクソソームの回収には遠心法を用いた。具体的には、回収した培養上清について、2,000g 10分、10,000g 30分、100,000g 70分の段階的な遠心を行い、沈渣としてエクソソームを回収した。
遠心法で回収したエクソソームを、HEPES/KClバッファーに懸濁した後、ナノパーティクルアナライザーqNano(Izon社)で粒子数を測定した。測定値は、BCA法で算出した由来細胞のタンパク質量(mg)当たりの粒子数として表示した。粒子数は、測定を6回行って得られた各値の平均値である。また、得られた値について、One−way ANOVA法による有意差検定(***P<0.001、**P<0.01、*P<0.05)を行った。
結果を図1に示す。図1から、セラミドを添加した場合、スフィンゴミエリン又はグルコシルセラミドを添加した場合と比べて、神経細胞株におけるエクソソーム粒子数がコントロールに対して有意に増加することが認められ、セラミドがエクソソームの産生を促進し得ることが確認された。また、セラミドのなかでも、C6セラミド、C18セラミドを添加した場合に、エクソソームの産生がより一層促進されることが確認された。
1.実験方法
スフィンゴ脂質として、前記コンニャク由来グルコシルセラミド(kGluCer)又はコンニャク由来セラミド(kCer)を使用し、0μM(コントロール)を、5μM、7.5μM、又は10μMの濃度となるようにそれぞれ細胞に添加したこと以外は、前記実験例1と同条件で試験を行い、エクソソーム粒子数を測定した。
結果を図2に示す。図2から、コンニャク由来グルコシドセラミド(kGluCer)を5〜10μM添加した場合は、コントロールに対してエクソソーム粒子数の増大は認められなかったが、コンニャク由来セラミド(kCer)を5〜10μM添加した場合、コントロールに対してエクソソーム粒子数の増大が認められた。また、コンニャク由来セラミドの添加量に応じて、エクソソーム粒子数が有意に増大することが認められた。これらの結果から、コンニャク由来セラミドは、エクソソームの産生を促進し得ることが確認された。また、セラミドの濃度の増加に伴い、エクソソームの粒子数が増加することが確認された。
1.実験方法
(1)培養細胞へのスフィンゴ脂質処理と培養上清からのエクソソーム回収
培養細胞として、ヒト神経芽細胞腫由来SH−SY5Y細胞を使用した。細胞を、培地(50%Ham’s F12/50%E−MEM)とともに6ウェルプレートに2.5×105cells/wellとなるよう播種し、37℃で24時間培養した後に、前記コンニャク由来グルコシルセラミド(kGluCer)又はコンニャク由来セラミド(kCer)のスフィンゴ脂質をそれぞれ各ウェルに添加した。スフィンゴ脂質は、3%ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)を含む血清不含培地(50%Ham’s F12/50%E−MEM)に懸濁し、添加量が10μMとなるように添加した。スフィンゴ脂質の添加量が0μMの場合についても同様の操作を行った。
スフィンゴ脂質を添加して24時間経過後に培養上清(2mL/well)を回収し、その中のエクソソームを回収した。エクソソームの回収には遠心法を用いた。具体的には、回収した培養上清について、2,000g 10分、10,000g 30分、100,000g 70分の段階的な遠心を行い、沈渣としてエクソソームを回収した。
培養細胞として、マウスミクログリア細胞株BV−2細胞を使用した。培地(RPMI 1640)とともに6ウェルプレートに2.5×105cells/wellとなるよう播種し、37℃で24時間培養した後に、前記で得られたSH−SY5Y細胞由来エクソソーム全量(培養上清2mLから回収されたエクソソームの全量)と、最終濃度10μMとなる量のアミロイドβタンパク質(Aβ1−40)を各ウェルに添加した。なお、SH−SY5Y細胞由来エクソソームとアミロイドβタンパク質は、血清不含培地(RPMI 1640)に懸濁又は溶解させて添加した。また、コントロールとして、SH−SY5Y細胞由来エクソソームを添加せずにアミロイドβタンパク質(Aβ1−40)のみを添加した場合についても、同様の操作を行った。
SH−SY5Y細胞由来エクソソームとアミロイドβタンパク質を添加して24時間経過後に培養上清を回収し、培養上清中のアミロイドβタンパク質(Aβ1−40)の濃度をELISA法によって測定した。
結果を図3に示す。コンニャク由来グルコシドセラミド存在下で産生されたエクソソームを添加した場合には、スフィンゴ脂質非存在下で産生されたエクソソームを添加した場合に比べて、アミロイドβタンパク質の濃度が約20%も低下していた。即ち、本結果から、コンニャク由来グルコシドセラミドによって生産が亢進されたエクソソームであっても、アミロイドβタンパク質との結合能、ミクログリア細胞への反応性を有しており、エクソソームの産生量の増大によりアミロイドβタンパク質の分解能が向上することが確認された。
Claims (5)
- セラミドを有効成分とし、
前記セラミドのスフィンゴイド部分の構造が、トランス−4,シス−8−スフィンガジエニン、トランス−4,トランス−8−スフィンガジエニン、4−ヒドロキシ−シス−8−スフィンゲニン、又は4−ヒドロキシ−トランス−8−スフィンゲニンである、エクソソーム産生促進剤。 - 前記セラミドのスフィンゴイド部分の構造が、トランス−4,シス−8−スフィンガジエニンである、請求項1に記載のエクソソーム産生促進剤。
- エクソソーム産生促進用飲食品である、請求項1又は2に記載のエクソソーム産生促進剤。
- エクソソーム産生促進用医薬品である、請求項1又は2に記載のエクソソーム産生促進剤。
- アルツハイマー病予防剤である、請求項1又は2に記載のエクソソーム産生促進剤。
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