JP6968067B2 - アリール化方法 - Google Patents
アリール化方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6968067B2 JP6968067B2 JP2018528747A JP2018528747A JP6968067B2 JP 6968067 B2 JP6968067 B2 JP 6968067B2 JP 2018528747 A JP2018528747 A JP 2018528747A JP 2018528747 A JP2018528747 A JP 2018528747A JP 6968067 B2 JP6968067 B2 JP 6968067B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- biphenyl
- carbazole
- phenyl
- bis
- palladium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 60
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 156
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- -1 diisopropylphosphino Chemical group 0.000 claims description 65
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003142 primary aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 13
- PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003336 secondary aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- RBIIKVXVYVANCQ-CUWPLCDZSA-N (2s,4s,5s)-5-amino-n-(3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl)-6-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxopiperazin-1-yl]-4-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylhexanamide Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(C)(C)C(N)=O)CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl RBIIKVXVYVANCQ-CUWPLCDZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006254 arylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZHQNDEHZACHHTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethylfluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ZHQNDEHZACHHTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BKQXUNGELBDWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-diphenylfluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 BKQXUNGELBDWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SDFLTYHTFPTIGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-methylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SDFLTYHTFPTIGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VIJYEGDOKCKUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-phenylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 VIJYEGDOKCKUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003513 tertiary aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WZJUBBHODHNQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7,2$l^{3},4$l^{3},6$l^{3},8$l^{3}-tetraoxatetrasilocane Chemical compound C[Si]1O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)O1 WZJUBBHODHNQPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbazole Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Natural products CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 20
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 9
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JEYLGFCAZBGCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-bromophenyl)-9-phenylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=2)C3=C1 JEYLGFCAZBGCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006443 Buchwald-Hartwig cross coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PWRBCZZQRRPXAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CN=C1 PWRBCZZQRRPXAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GUTJITRKAMCHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-amine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=C2C(C)(C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 GUTJITRKAMCHSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 6
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=NC=C1 FKNQCJSGGFJEIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 0 CC1(C)c(cc(cc2)N=*)c2-c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound CC1(C)c(cc(cc2)N=*)c2-c2c1cccc2 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001499 aryl bromides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 4
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- LSMWOQFDLBIYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2h-imidazol-1-ium-2-ide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1N1[C-]=[N+](C=2C(=CC(C)=CC=2C)C)CC1 LSMWOQFDLBIYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- KGYLMXMMQNTWEM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloropalladium Chemical compound Cl[Pd](Cl)(Cl)Cl KGYLMXMMQNTWEM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L palladium(ii) acetylacetonate Chemical compound [Pd+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O JKDRQYIYVJVOPF-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium ethoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC[O-] RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010414 supernatant solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHWBYAACHDUFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclopentylphosphane Chemical compound C1CCCC1P(C1CCCC1)C1CCCC1 DHWBYAACHDUFAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEXDMFVPDVVSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methane Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AEXDMFVPDVVSQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisopropylphosphine Chemical compound CC(C)P(C(C)C)C(C)C IGNTWNVBGLNYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006400 μ-Cl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
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- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
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- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Description
以下の項目は、本発明の簡潔な説明を提供する。
第1の触媒の存在下、第1の反応温度で、式A−NH2を有する第一級芳香族アミンと式X−Bの芳香族化合物[式中、Xは、ハロゲン又はトリフルオロメチルスルホン酸部分である]とを反応させて、第二級アミンを得る工程と、
第2の触媒の存在下、第2の反応温度で、第二級アミンと式X−Cの芳香族化合物[式中、Xは、ハロゲン又はトリフルオロメチルスルホン酸部分である]とを反応させて、第三級芳香族アミンN−ABCを得る工程と、を含み、
第2の反応温度は、第1の反応温度よりも高く、反応は、塩基の存在下で行われ、第1の触媒及び第2の触媒は、同一であるか又は異なり、それぞれは、ビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)パラジウム触媒、式PdX1X2L1L2を有する触媒[式中、X1及びX2は、同一の又は異なるハロゲン配位子であり、L1及びL2は、同一の又は異なる中性電子供与体配位子である]又はこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるパラジウム錯体である、方法。
式中、R41は、この場合、式2〜22の構造であり、R42は、フッ素、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素若しくはアスタチンなどのハロゲン、第一級アミン基NH2又はトリフルオロメチルスルホン酸部分である、項目1〜17のいずれか一項目に記載の方法。
第一級芳香族アミンA−NH2、ハロゲン化アリールX−B、好適な溶媒及び、適用可能な場合には、ビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)を反応容器中に準備する工程と、
パラジウム原子が少なくとも1つのビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)配位子により錯化されたパラジウム錯体を固体又は溶液の形態で添加する工程と、
反応容器内でこのようにして得られた反応混合物を加熱する工程と、
反応生成物、第二級芳香族アミンA−NH−Bを分離する工程と、
適用可能な場合には、第二級芳香族アミンA−NH−Bを精製する工程と、を含む、項目1〜25のいずれか一項目に記載の方法。
第一級芳香族アミンA−NH2、ハロゲン化アリールX−B、好適な溶媒及び、適用可能な場合には、ビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)を反応容器中に準備する工程と、
パラジウム原子が少なくとも1つのビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)配位子により錯化されたパラジウム錯体を固体又は溶液の形態で添加する工程と、
このようにして得られた反応混合物を第1の反応温度まで加熱する工程と、
ハロゲン化アリールX−Cを添加する工程と、
第2の反応温度まで加熱する工程と、
第三級芳香族アミンN−ABCを分離し、適用可能な場合には、精製する工程と、を含む、項目1〜26のいずれか一項目に記載の方法。
1,1’−ビス(ジイソプロピルホスフィノ)フェロセン(dippf)(213mg、0.50mmol)をジエチルエーテル(5mL)に溶解し、2,4,6,8−テトラメチルシクロテトラシロキサン中の1,3−ジビニル−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルジシロキサンパラジウム(0)(Pd−VTS)(0.50mL、0.50mmol Pd)を滴下して添加した。このオレンジ色混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。
最初に、実施例1のように処理を行った。次に、ジエチルエーテル(5mL)にマレイミド(99.1mg、1.00mmol)を加え、超音波浴中で10分間処理すると、黄色沈殿が生じた。固体が沈降した後、上澄み溶液を除去し、残渣をジエチルエーテル(3×5mL)で洗浄した。真空中(10−2mbar)で乾燥することにより、所望のパラジウム錯体を黄色固体(291mg、0.47mmol、94%)として単離することができた。
1H NMR(400MHz、ジオキサン−d8):δ=7.84(s,1H,N−H)、4.44−4.39(m,6H,フェロセン−H)、4.37−4.33(m,2H,フェロセン−H)、2.53−2.40(m,2H)、2.35−2.20(m,2H)、1.34(d,J=7.0Hz,3H)、1.30(d,J=7.0Hz,3H)、1.26(d,J=7.3Hz,3H)、1.22(d,J=7.3Hz,6H)、1.18(d,J=7.3Hz,3H)、1.13(d,J=7.3Hz,3H)、1.09ppm(d,J=7.3Hz,3H)。
臭化アリール132(7,97g、20.0mmol)、アミン131(4.17g、20.0mmol)、1,1’−ビス(ジイソプロピルホスフィノ)フェロセン(8.5g、0.02mmol)及びナトリウムtert−ブタノレート(2.35g、24.0mmol)を、還流冷却器、気体導入口、リリーフ弁及び磁気かき混ぜ棒を備えた乾燥した三口フラスコ内に導入し、排気及び気体供給を繰り返すことにより窒素雰囲気下とした。トルエン(30mL)及び[Pd(dippf)(マレイミド)](24.9mg、0.04mmol、実施例2由来)をトルエン(10mL)に添加し、混合物を70℃に20時間加熱した。この反応を薄層クロマトグラフィーにより追跡し、この時間後に完全転化を達成したと判断した。室温に冷却した後、水(60mL)を加え、ジクロロメタン(150mL)を用いて抽出した。有機相を分離し、硫酸マグネシウム(5g)上で乾燥し、塩基性酸化アルミニウム(10g)を通してろ過した。溶媒を真空中(40℃、10mbar)で除去し、わずかに黄色の残渣をジエチルエーテル(3×20mL)で洗浄した。真空乾燥(2時間、10−2mbar)後、生成物を無色固体(10.2g、19.4mmol、97%)として得た。
1,1’−ビス(ジイソプロピルホスフィノ)フェロセン(213.8mg、0.50mmol)、トルエン(0.5mL)及び2,4,6,8−テトラメチルシクロテトラシロキサン(0.5mL、10.87%パラジウム)中の1,3−ジビニル−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルジシロキサンパラジウム(0)(Pd−VTS)由来の混合物から調製された、実施例1に記載されたものと類似する触媒原液を、この反応に用いた。この混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。
一般則:
すべての試験をガスクロマトグラフィー用の20mLヘッドスペースバイアル中で行い、バイアルは、テフロン(登録商標)被覆ブチルゴムセプタムを備えたアルミニウム製フランジ付きキャップで封止した(両方とも、例えば、VWRから入手可能)。容器の温度を制御するために、8cm高の円筒状のアルミニウムブロックを使用した。その直径は、実験用磁気撹拌器(例えば、Heidolph Mr 2002)のホットプレートの直径に正確に対応する。これらのアルミニウムブロックには、反応容器の直径に一致する10個の7cm深さの穴及び温度センサを収容するための穴が設けられた。
第三級アミンを調製するための一般則
すべての試験をガスクロマトグラフィー用の20mLヘッドスペースバイアル中で行い、バイアルは、テフロン(登録商標)被覆ブチルゴムセプタムを備えたアルミニウム製フランジ付きキャップで封止した(両方とも、例えば、VWRから入手可能)。容器の温度を制御するために、8cm高の円筒状のアルミニウムブロックを使用し、その直径は、実験用磁気撹拌器(例えば、Heidolph Mr 2002)のホットプレートの直径に正確に対応する。これらのアルミニウムブロックには、反応容器の直径に一致する10個の7cm深さの穴及び温度センサを収容するための穴が設けられた。
Claims (12)
- 第三級芳香族N−ABCアミンを得るための、式A−NH2を有する第一級芳香族アミンの選択的アリール化のための方法であって、部分A、B及びCは、互いに独立して同一の又は異なる置換若しくは非置換の芳香族部分であり、前記部分A、B又はCのうちの少なくとも1つは、ビフェニル構造単位を含み、ビフェニル構造単位とは単結合で互いに結合された2つのベンゼン環から形成された構造単位を意味し、
前記方法が、
第1の触媒の存在下、第1の反応温度で、前記式A−NH2を有する第一級芳香族アミンと式X−Bの芳香族化合物[式中、Xは、ハロゲン又はトリフルオロメチルスルホン酸部分である]とを反応させて、第二級アミンを得る工程と、
第2の触媒の存在下、第2の反応温度で、前記第二級アミンと式X−Cの芳香族化合物[式中、Xは、ハロゲン又はトリフルオロメチルスルホン酸部分である]とを反応させて、前記第三級芳香族アミンN−ABCを得る工程と、を含み、
前記第2の反応温度は、前記第1の反応温度よりも高く、前記第1の反応温度は5℃〜95℃の範囲の温度であり、且つ前記第2の反応温度は90〜144℃の範囲の温度であり、前記反応は、塩基の存在下で行われ、前記第1の触媒及び前記第2の触媒は、同一であるか又は異なり、それぞれは、ビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)パラジウム錯体からなる群から選択されるパラジウム錯体である、方法。 - ビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)配位子のアルキル置換基は、2〜5個の炭素原子を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)配位子のアルキル置換基は、イソプロピル、イソブチル、tert−ブチル及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記芳香族置換基A、B、又はCのうちの少なくとも2つは、同一であるか又は互いに異なってもよいビフェニル構造単位を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ビフェニル構造単位は、前記アミンの第二級窒素原子に直接結合している、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ビフェニル構造単位は、架橋を有するビフェニル構造単位を含む下記式2又は式3:
から選択される基である]
の化合物に由来するビフェニル構造単位である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記ビフェニル構造単位は、2−フルオレン、3−フルオレン、2−(9,9−ジフェニルフルオレン)、2−(9,9−ジメチルフルオレン)、3−(9,9−ジフェニルフルオレン)、3−(9,9−ジメチルフルオレン)、3−(4−フェニル)−9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール、3−(4−フェニル)−9−メチル−9H−カルバゾール、3−(4−フェニル)−9−ビフェニル−9H−カルバゾール、2−(4−フェニル)−9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール、2−(4−フェニル)−9−メチル−9H−カルバゾール、2−(4−フェニル)−9−ビフェニル−9H−カルバゾール、3−(4−ビフェニル)−9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール、3−(4−ビフェニル)−9−メチル−9H−カルバゾール、3−(4−ビフェニル)−9−ビフェニル−9H−カルバゾール、2−(4−ビフェニル)−9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール、2−(4−ビフェニル)−9−メチル−9H−カルバゾール、2−(4−ビフェニル)−9−ビフェニル−9H−カルバゾール、3−(9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール)、3−(9−メチル−9H−カルバゾール)、3−(9−ビフェニル−9H−カルバゾール)、2−(9−フェニル−9H−カルバゾール)、2−(9−メチル−9H−カルバゾール)、2−(9−ビフェニル−9H−カルバゾール)、又はトリフェニレンである、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記パラジウム錯体は、固体、溶液、又は粉末混合物として使用される、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- パラジウム原子は、前記パラジウム錯体中の2,4,6,8−テトラメチルシクロテトラシロキサン、ビス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)、又はマレイミドにより追加的に錯化される、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記パラジウム錯体中のパラジウム原子は、1,1’−ビス(ジイソプロピルホスフィノ)フェロセンにより錯化される、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第一級芳香族アミンA−NH2、前記ハロゲン化アリールX−B、好適な溶媒及び、適用可能な場合には、ビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)を反応容器中に準備する工程と、
前記パラジウム原子が少なくとも1つのビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)配位子により錯化されたパラジウム錯体を固体又は溶液の形態で添加する工程と、
前記反応容器内でこのようにして得られた反応混合物を加熱する工程と、
前記反応生成物、第二級芳香族アミンA−NH−Bを分離する工程と、
適用可能な場合には、前記第二級芳香族アミンA−NH−Bを精製する工程と、を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記第一級芳香族アミンA−NH2、前記ハロゲン化アリールX−B、好適な溶媒及び、適用可能な場合には、ビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)を反応容器中に準備する工程と、
前記パラジウム原子が少なくとも1つのビス(ジアルキルホスフィノフェロセン)配位子により錯化されたパラジウム錯体を固体又は溶液の形態で添加する工程と、
このようにして得られた反応混合物を前記第1の反応温度まで加熱する工程と、
ハロゲン化アリールX−Cを添加する工程と、
前記第2の反応温度まで加熱する工程と、
前記第三級芳香族アミンN−ABCを分離し、適用可能な場合には、精製する工程と、を含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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