JP6935944B2 - 金属部材、金属部材の製造方法、金属樹脂接合体及び金属樹脂接合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
金属部材、金属部材の製造方法、金属樹脂接合体及び金属樹脂接合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6935944B2 JP6935944B2 JP2019554109A JP2019554109A JP6935944B2 JP 6935944 B2 JP6935944 B2 JP 6935944B2 JP 2019554109 A JP2019554109 A JP 2019554109A JP 2019554109 A JP2019554109 A JP 2019554109A JP 6935944 B2 JP6935944 B2 JP 6935944B2
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- metal
- base material
- metal base
- oxide film
- resin
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
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- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
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- B29C45/14311—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles using means for bonding the coating to the articles
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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Description
<方法>
前記酸化膜にPPS樹脂を接合してISO19095−2に規定されたタイプAの試験片を作製し、作製した試験片についてISO19095−3に準拠して測定されるTensile strengthを金属基材に対する酸化膜の接合強度とする。
(1)金属部材
本発明の一実施形態の金属部材10は、合成樹脂からなる合成樹脂基材が接合され金属樹脂接合体の一部を構成するものである。この金属部材10は、図1及び図2に示すように、金属基材12とその表面に形成された酸化膜14とを備える。
また、金属基材12は、異なる金属からなる被覆層によって金属基材12の表面が被覆され、被覆層の上に酸化膜14が形成されてもよい。金属基材12の表面を被覆する被覆層は、化学めっき、溶融めっき、クラッド、蒸着、金属溶射等の方法により形成することができる。また、被覆層は、金属基材12を構成する金属よりイオン化傾向が大きい金属からなることが好ましい。
<変更例1>
上記した実施形態では、周辺部14bの一部がX方向に重なり合うように、複数の溶融部14aをX方向に間隔をあけて設けた酸化膜14を備える金属部材10について説明したが、例えば、図3に示すような酸化膜114を備える金属部材110であってもよい。すなわち、酸化膜114は、X方向及びY方向に間隔をあけて設けられた複数の溶融部114aと、溶融部114aの周りに設けられた複数の周辺部114bとを備える。複数の周辺部114bの一部はX方向及びY方向に重なり重複部114cを形成している。
<変更例2>
上記した実施形態では、複数の溶融部14aを、間隔をあけて金属基材12の表面に形成する場合について説明したが、図5に例示する金属部材310のように、X方向に隣接する溶融部314aの一部が重なるように複数の溶融部314aを設けてもよい。その際、溶融部314aが隣接する方向(図5ではX方向)に溶融部314aの半分以上が重なるように位置をずらして設けることが好ましい。
また、図6に例示する金属部材410のように、X方向に隣接する溶融部414aの一部が重なるように複数の溶融部414aを設け、当該溶融部414aをY方向に複数列並べて設けてもよい。その際、図5に例示する金属部材310と同様、溶融部414aが隣接する方向(図6ではX方向)に溶融部414aの半分以上が重なるように位置をずらして設けることが好ましい。また、図6のように複数の溶融部414aをY方向に複数列並べて設ける場合、周辺部114bの一部がY方向に重なり重複部114cを形成するように、複数の溶融部414aをY方向に並べて設けることが好ましい。
特に、溶融部314a、414aが隣接する方向に溶融部314a、414aの半分以上が重なるように複数の溶融部314a、414aを設けることで、周辺部314b,414bが3回以上重なり合った重複部314c’、414c‘を広範囲に形成することができる。この重複部314c’、414c‘では、周辺部314b,414bが複数回再加熱されるため、金属基材12との接合強度が高くなり、金属基材12に対する酸化膜314、414全体の接合強度が大幅に向上する。
<変更例3>
上記した実施形態では、複数の溶融部14aを所定の方向(X方向やY方向)に並べて設ける場合について説明したが、図7に例示する金属部材410のように、周辺部414bの少なくとも一部が重なって重複部414cが形成される範囲内で、溶融部414aを金属基材12の表面に散在させた酸化膜314を設けてもよい。
(2)金属樹脂接合体
次に、本発明の一実施形態の金属樹脂接合体20について、図8に基づいて説明する。
<変更例>
本実施形態では、図1及び図2に示す金属部材10に合成樹脂基材22を接合した金属樹脂接合体20について説明したが、図3に示すような金属部材110、図4に示すような金属部材210、図5に示すような金属部材310、図6に示すような金属部材410、又は図7に示すような金属部材510に合成樹脂基材22を接合した金属樹脂接合体であってもよい。
(3)金属部材の製造方法
次に、上記(1)の金属部材10の製造方法について、図9A〜図9Dに基づいて説明する。
このような周辺部14bは、溶融した金属が飛散してできた金属酸化物であるため、金属基材12との接合強度が弱い。
ここで、1回目、2回目・・・及びn回目のそれぞれの位置においてパルス状レーザ光の1パルスを照射する場合、レーザ光の周波数C(Hz)、レーザ光の出力D(W)、レーザ光の移動速度E(mm/sec)とすると、次の式1を満たすようにレーザ光の移動速度Eを設定することができる。
重複部14cを形成するように2回目のレーザ光の照射位置を設定することで、1回目のレーザ光の照射で形成された周辺部14b1のうち重複部14cに位置する部分が、2回目のレーザ光の照射による熱の熱伝導と2回目のレーザ光の照射によって溶融部14a2から飛散した金属の熱によって再加熱され、金属基材12に対する酸化膜14の接合強度が向上する。つまり、本実施形態では、2回目のレーザ光の照射が、溶融部14a2と周辺部14b2を形成する第1工程と、1回目のレーザ光の照射によって形成された周辺部14b1を再度加熱して金属基材12に対する接合強度を向上する工程(以下、この工程を第2工程ということがある)とを兼ねている。
<変更例1>
上記した実施形態では、レーザ光の照射位置を一定速度でX方向へ移動させながらパルス状レーザ光を金属基材12の表面に照射して、図2に示すようにX方向に沿って延びる酸化膜14を備える金属部材10を製造する場合について説明したが、レーザ光のパルス幅B、レーザ光の周波数C、レーザ光の出力D、レーザ光の移動速度Eや、レーザ光の移動方向を適宜設定することで、図3に示すような金属部材110、図4に示すような金属部材210、図5に示すような金属部材310、図6に示すような金属部材410、又は図7に示すような金属部材510、を製造することができる。
また、図4に示すような金属部材210を製造する場合、レーザ光の照射位置を一定速度でX方向の一方側へ移動させながらレーザ光を金属基材12の表面に連続照射して、X方向に沿って延びる一続きの溶融部214aと、溶融部214aの周りに設けられた周辺部214bと形成する。その後、レーザ光の照射位置をY方向へ所定距離My3移動させてから、レーザ光の照射位置を一定速度でX方向の他方側へ移動させながらレーザ光を金属基材12の表面に連続照射して、X方向に沿って延びる一続きの溶融部214aと、溶融部214aの周りに設けられた周辺部214bを形成する。以後、Y方向へのレーザ照射位置の移動と、溶融部214a及び周辺部214bの形成とを繰り返すことで、図4に示すような金属部材210を製造することができる。
上記の2つの変更例では、金属基材12と強固に接合した酸化膜114、214を金属基材12表面の広範囲に効率よく形成することができる。
図5に示すような金属部材310を製造する場合、n回目のレーザ光が(n−1)回目のレーザ光の照射で形成された溶融部414aの一部と重なるように、X方向へ移動させながらパルス状レーザ光を金属部材10の表面に間欠的に照射することで、図5に示すような金属部材410を製造することができる。
図6に示すような金属部材410を製造する場合、図5に示すような金属部材310のようにX方向へ移動させながらパルス状レーザ光を金属部材10の表面に間欠的に照射して、X方向に隣接する溶融部414aの一部が重なるように複数の溶融部414aを設けるとともに、溶融部414aのまわりに周辺部414bを設ける。
<変更例2>
上記した実施形態では、金属基材12の表面にレーザ光を照射して第1工程及び第2工程を行う場合について説明したが、第1工程の前、つまり、化学めっき、溶融めっき、クラッド、蒸着、金属溶射等の方法により金属基材12の表面に被覆層を設ける前工程を行い、その後、第1工程及び第2工程を行ってめっき層等の上に酸化膜14を形成してもよい。
<変更例3>
上記した実施形態では、レーザ光を照射して金属基材12表面を局所加熱する場合について説明したが、金属基材12の表面を局所加熱する方法は特に限定されず、例えば、高周波誘導加熱や抵抗加熱や、これらの加熱方法のいくつかを組み合わせて金属基材12の表面を局所加熱し、酸化膜14を形成してもてもよい。
<変更例4>
上記した実施形態では、新たな溶融部14a及び周辺部14bを形成する第1工程が、既に金属基材12の表面に形成されている周辺部14bを再加熱する第2工程を兼ねている場合について説明したが、新たな溶融部14a及び周辺部14bを形成することなく、既に形成された周辺部14bに再度レーザ光を照射して再加熱したり、既に形成された周辺部14bを高周波誘導加熱や抵抗加熱によって再加熱してもよい。
(4)金属樹脂接合体の製造方法
次に、図8に示す金属樹脂接合体20の製造方法について説明する。
<変更例>
本実施形態では、図1に示す金属部材10に合成樹脂基材22を接合して金属樹脂接合体20を製造する場合について説明したが、図3に示すような金属部材110の酸化膜114に合成樹脂基材22を接合したり、図4に示すような金属部材210の酸化膜214に合成樹脂基材22を接合したり、図5に示すような金属部材310の酸化膜314に合成樹脂基材22を接合したり、図6に示すような金属部材410の酸化膜414に合成樹脂基材22を接合したり、図7に示すような金属部材510の酸化膜514に合成樹脂基材22を接合したり、金属樹脂接合体を製造してもよい。
(5)金属樹脂接合体の評価
上記した実施形態の構成と効果を具体的に示すために、実施例1〜16及び比較例1〜4の金属樹脂接合体(試験片)を上記(4)の製造方法によって作製して性能評価を行った。なお、作製した各金属樹脂接合体の形状及び大きさは、ISO19095−2に規定されたタイプAの試験片(Butt welded test specimens)のとおりである。レーザ光の照射は、レーザーマーカMD−X1500((株)キーエンス社製、レーザータイプ:YV04レーザ、波長:1064nm)を用いた。
比較例2は、図11に示すような酸化膜614を金属基材12の表面に設けた金属部材610に合成樹脂基材22を接合した例である。すなわち、比較例2は、金属部材を構成する酸化膜が、X方向及びY方向に間隔をあけて設けられた複数の溶融部614aと、溶融部614aの周りに設けられた複数の周辺部614bとを備えているが、隣接する周辺部614bがX方向及びY方向に重なっていない。このような金属部材610に樹脂材料を接合して比較例2の金属樹脂接合体を得た。なお、比較例2では、溶融部614a及び周辺部614bをY方向に17列並べて設けた。
実施例1〜16及び比較例2の酸化膜の各種寸法、及び、実施例1〜16及び比較例2〜4におけるレーザの照射条件は、表1及び2に示すとおりである。
また、実施例1〜16及び比較例1〜4において、金属樹脂接合体に用いた金属基材及び合成樹脂基材を構成する材料及び金属部材に合成樹脂基材を接合する際の射出成形の条件は、下記表1及び2に示すとおりである。表1及び2中の樹脂材料の各成分の詳細は以下の通りである。
・PPS樹脂:東レ株式会社製 トレリナ(登録商標) A673M
・LCP樹脂:ポリプラスチックス株式会社 ラペロス(登録商標) E525T
・POM樹脂:ポリプラスチックス株式会社 ジュラコン(登録商標) M90-57
・変性PPE樹脂:旭化成株式会社 ザイロン EV103
・PP樹脂:日本ポリプロ株式会社 ウィンテック WMH02
・TPO樹脂:日本ポリプロ株式会社 ウエルネクス RFX4V
上記実施例1〜16及び比較例1〜4の金属樹脂接合体について下記(a)及び(b)を評価し、上記実施例2の金属樹脂接合体について下記(c)を評価し、上記実施例2及び16の金属樹脂接合体について下記(d)を評価した。具体的な評価方法は次のとおりである。
(a)接合強度測定
実施例1〜16及び比較例1〜4の金属樹脂接合体について、精密万能試験機オートグラフ(島津製作所製:AG-1)を用い、ISO19095−3に準拠して引っ張り強度(Tensile strength)を測定した。
(b)破壊形態
上記実施例1〜16及び比較例1〜4について、接合強度測定後、破壊箇所を目視にて観察し、破壊が金属基材と酸化膜との界面で生じた破壊(膜剥離)か、合成樹脂基材中で生じた破壊(樹脂破壊)か、金属基材と合成樹脂基材との界面で生じた破壊(界面破壊)であるのかを、評価した。
(c)ヒートショック試験
実施例2の金属樹脂接合体について、冷熱衝撃装置(ESPEC株式会社製:TSA71S-A)を用い、加熱−冷却過程を1000サイクル行った後、上記(a)の方法で接合強度を測定した。なお、120℃で0.5時間加熱した後、−40℃に降温して0.5時間冷却し、その後再び120℃に昇温する加熱−冷却過程を1サイクルとした。
(d)耐水性試験
実施例2及16の金属樹脂接合体を、温度113℃、ゲージ圧力59kPaの飽和水蒸気雰囲気に10時間放置した後、上記(a)の方法で接合強度を測定した。
Claims (13)
- 金属からなる金属基材と、前記金属基材の表面に形成された酸化膜とを備える金属部材において、
前記酸化膜は、前記金属基材の表面の局所的な溶融により形成された複数の溶融部と、前記溶融部から飛散した金属によって前記溶融部の周囲における前記金属基材の平坦な表面に形成された複数の周辺部とを備え、複数の前記溶融部は位置をずらして前記金属基材の表面に設けられ、隣接する前記溶融部の周りに形成された前記周辺部が少なくとも一部において重なっている金属部材。 - 前記金属基材の表面が、前記金属基材を構成する金属よりイオン化傾向が大きい金属で被覆されている請求項1に記載の金属部材。
- 金属からなる金属基材の表面に酸化膜が形成された金属部材の製造方法において、
前記金属基材の表面を加熱して前記金属基材の表面に前記酸化膜を形成する第1工程と、
前記酸化膜の少なくとも一部を加熱して前記金属基材に対する前記酸化膜の接合強度を向上させる第2工程とを備え、
前記酸化膜は、前記金属基材が溶融してできた溶融部と、前記溶融部から金属が飛散してできた周辺部とを備え、
前記第1工程は、前記金属基材の表面の局所的な加熱により、隣接する前記溶融部の周りに形成された前記周辺部が少なくとも一部において重なるように、位置をずらして複数の前記溶融部を形成する工程を含み、
前記第2工程は、前記第1工程において前記金属基材の表面へ供給した熱が、熱伝導により前記金属基材の表面に既に形成されている前記周辺部の少なくとも一部を加熱して前記金属基材に対する前記周辺部の接合強度を向上させる工程を含む、金属部材の製造方法。 - 前記第1工程及び前記第2工程は、パルス状レーザ光の照射によって前記金属基材の表面及び前記周辺部を加熱する請求項3に記載の金属部材の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程は、隣接する前記溶融部が重なるように位置をずらして複数の前記溶融部を形成する請求項4に記載の金属部材の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程の前に、前記金属基材を構成する金属よりイオン化傾向が大きい金属で前記金属基材の表面を被覆する前工程を備える請求項3〜5のいずれか1項に記載の金属部材の製造方法。
- 金属からなる金属基材と、前記金属基材の表面に形成された酸化膜と、合成樹脂からなる合成樹脂基材とを備え、前記合成樹脂基材が前記酸化膜に接合された金属樹脂接合体において、
前記酸化膜は、前記金属基材の表面の局所的な溶融により形成された複数の溶融部と、前記溶融部から飛散した金属によって前記溶融部の周囲における前記金属基材の平坦な表面に形成された複数の周辺部とを備え、複数の前記溶融部は位置をずらして前記金属基材の表面に設けられ、隣接する前記溶融部の周りに形成された前記周辺部が少なくとも一部において重なっている金属樹脂接合体。 - 前記金属基材の表面が、前記金属基材を構成する金属よりイオン化傾向が大きい金属で被覆されている請求項7に記載の金属樹脂接合体。
- 金属からなる金属基材と樹脂からなる合成樹脂基材とが接合された金属樹脂接合体の製造方法において、
前記金属基材の表面を加熱して前記金属基材の表面に酸化膜を形成する第1工程と、
前記酸化膜の少なくとも一部を加熱して前記金属基材に対する前記酸化膜の接合強度を向上させる第2工程と、
前記第2工程後、前記合成樹脂基材を前記酸化膜に接合する第3工程とを備え、
前記酸化膜は、前記金属基材が溶融してできた溶融部と、前記溶融部から金属が飛散してできた周辺部とを備え、
前記第1工程は、前記金属基材の表面の局所的な加熱により、隣接する前記溶融部の周りに形成された前記周辺部が少なくとも一部において重なるように、位置をずらして複数の前記溶融部を形成する工程を含み、
前記第2工程は、前記第1工程において前記金属基材の表面へ供給した熱が、熱伝導により前記金属基材の表面に既に形成されている前記周辺部の少なくとも一部を加熱して前記金属基材に対する前記周辺部の接合強度を向上させる工程を含む、金属樹脂接合体の製造方法。 - 前記第1工程及び前記第2工程は、パルス状レーザ光の照射によって前記金属基材の表面及び前記酸化膜を加熱する請求項9に記載の金属樹脂接合体の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程は、隣接する前記溶融部が重なるように位置をずらして複数の前記溶融部を形成する請求項10に記載の金属樹脂接合体の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程の前に、前記金属基材を構成する金属よりイオン化傾向が大きい金属で前記金属基材の表面を被覆する前工程を備える請求項9〜11のいずれか1項に記載の金属樹脂接合体の製造方法。
- 前記第3工程は、前記金属基材を射出成形型内にインサートし、インサートされた前記金属基材の前記酸化膜に向けて溶融した樹脂を前記射出成形型内で射出する工程を有する請求項9〜12のいずれか1項に記載の金属樹脂接合体の製造方法。
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