JP6871269B2 - 核形成剤としてフッ素樹脂/窒化ホウ素混合物を使用してポリオレフィン組成物を発泡させるためのプロセス - Google Patents
核形成剤としてフッ素樹脂/窒化ホウ素混合物を使用してポリオレフィン組成物を発泡させるためのプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6871269B2 JP6871269B2 JP2018549473A JP2018549473A JP6871269B2 JP 6871269 B2 JP6871269 B2 JP 6871269B2 JP 2018549473 A JP2018549473 A JP 2018549473A JP 2018549473 A JP2018549473 A JP 2018549473A JP 6871269 B2 JP6871269 B2 JP 6871269B2
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Classifications
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- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J9/0095—Mixtures of at least two compounding ingredients belonging to different one-dot groups
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
- C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
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Description
(a)45〜95%のHDPEと、
(b)4〜54%のLDPEと、
(c)0.1〜1%の、4:1未満のフッ素樹脂対窒化ホウ素の重量比のフッ素樹脂と窒化ホウ素との組み合わせとを含む、発泡性組成物である。
直前に記述した通り、本開示の発泡性で発泡された組成物は、ポリオレフィンを含む。「ポリオレフィン」及び類似の用語は、1つ以上の単純なオレフィンモノマー(例えば、エチレン、プロピレン、1−ブテン、1−ヘキセン、及び1−オクテンなど)に由来するポリマーを意味する。オレフィンモノマーは、置換または非置換であり得、置換である場合、置換基は多岐にわたり得る。ポリオレフィンが不飽和を含有する場合、コモノマーのうちの少なくとも1つは、例えば、1,7−オクタジエン、1,9−デカジエン、1,11−ドデカジエン、1,13−テトラデカジエン、7−メチル−1,6−オクタジエン、及び9−メチル−1,8−デカジエンなどの少なくとも1つの非共役ジエンであり得る。多くのポリオレフィンは、熱可塑性である。ポリオレフィンとしては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブテン、ポリイソプレン、及びそれらの様々なインターポリマーが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
フッ素樹脂構成要素
既知であるか、または今後発見される任意のフッ素樹脂が、本明細書で用いられ得る。好適なフッ素樹脂の例としては、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(「PTFE」)、テトラフルオロエチレン−ペルフルオロアルキルビニルエーテルコポリマー(「PFA」)、エチレン−テトラフルオロエチレンコポリマー(「ETFE」)、テトラフルオロエチレン−ヘキサフルオロプロピレンコポリマー(「FEP」)、テトラフルオロエチレン−エチレンコポリマー、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(「PVdF」)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(「PCTFE」)、及びクロロトリフルオロエチレン−エチレンコポリマー(「ECTFE」)などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されず、PTFE、PFA、及びETFEが好ましい。1つ以上の実施形態において、フッ素樹脂は、PTFEを含む。1つ以上の実施形態において、フッ素樹脂は、PTFEからなる。
平均粒径(μm)=(ΣND3/ΣN)1/3
粒径の計算は、USP6,121,335に更に例証される。凝集体サイズの計算は、粒径決定について上述した様式と同じ様式で決定される。
上述した通り、核剤は、フッ素樹脂(例えば、PTFE)と窒化ホウ素との混合物である。フッ素樹脂対窒化ホウ素の重量比は、4:1未満であるか、または1:1〜1:4の範囲内であり得る。窒化ホウ素は、1〜50μm、10〜40μm、または25〜35μmの範囲内の粒径(D50)を有し得る粉末の形態で用いられ得る。
本開示のポリオレフィン組成物は、必要に応じて、または所望される場合、1つ以上の添加剤を含有し得る。代表的な添加剤としては、加工助剤、潤滑剤、酸化防止剤、セル安定剤、発泡助剤、界面活性剤、流動助剤、粘度制御剤、着色剤、及び銅害阻害剤などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。これらの添加剤は、加工前または加工中のいずれかでポリマー(複数可)に添加され得る。ポリオレフィン組成物中の任意の特定の添加剤の量は典型的には、0.01〜1重量%、より典型的には0.01〜0.5重量%、及び更により典型的には0.01〜0.3重量%であり、ポリオレフィン組成物中の添加剤の総量は、少しでも存在する場合、典型的には0.01〜5重量%、より典型的には0.01〜2重量%、及び更により典型的には0.01〜1重量%である。
発泡剤は、押出温度、発泡条件、及び発泡体形成法などにとって好適な1つ以上のものである。最終形態の絶縁発泡体層が押出形成と同時に形成される場合、例えば、窒素、炭素ガス(例えば、CO、CO2など)、ヘリウム、及びアルゴンなどの不活性気体、メタン、プロパン、ブタン、及びペンタンなどの炭化水素、例えば、ジクロロジフルオロメタン、ジクロロモノフルオロメタン、モノクロロジフルオロメタン、トリクロロモノフルオロメタン、モノクロロペンタフルオロエタン、及びトリクロロトリフルオロエタンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素が使用される。使用される発泡剤の量は、変動し得る。典型的には、それは、100重量部の発泡されるポリオレフィン組成物当たり0.001〜0.1重量部、より典型的には0.005〜0.05重量部である。発泡剤は、発泡性組成物と事前に混合されてもよく、または押出機のバレル上に形成された発泡剤供給口から押出機内に供給されてもよい。
ポリオレフィン組成物は、既知であるか、または今後発見される方法及び設備を使用して発泡され得る。典型的には、発泡体は、核剤を含有するポリオレフィン組成物を、組成物が高圧区域にある間に、例えば、発泡剤の注入などの発泡押出条件下で動作される押出機を使用して押出し、その後、組成物を低圧区域に押出することによって生成される。発泡プロセスは、C.P.Park in Polyolefin Foam,Chapter9,Handbook of Polymer Foams and Technology,edited by D.Klempner and K.C.Frisch,Hanser Publishers(1991)に更に記載される。
結果として得られる発泡された組成物は、以下の試験方法の節に記載される通り、そのままのポリオレフィンの密度と発泡された組成物の密度とを比較することによって測定される、少なくとも70、少なくとも75、少なくとも77、または少なくとも78パーセントの発泡レベル(「多孔度」)を有し得る。様々な実施形態において、発泡された組成物の発泡レベルは、80パーセント未満であり得る。
一実施形態において、本開示の発泡性または発泡された組成物は、既知の量で、かつ既知の方法によって、例えば、USP5,246,783、USP6,714,707、USP6,496,629、及びUSPA2006/0045439に記載される設備及び方法で、ケーブル、ワイヤ、または伝導体に鎧装または絶縁層として適用され得る。典型的には、発泡された組成物は、ケーブルコーティングダイを備える反応器−押出機内で調製され得、組成物の構成要素が配合された後、組成物は、ケーブルまたは伝導体がダイを通して引き出されるにつれて、ケーブルまたは伝導体にわたって押出される。ポリオレフィン組成物の発泡は、ケーブルまたは伝導体にわたる押出時点で実行され得る。そのような実施形態において、押出は、発泡剤の活性化温度よりも高い温度で実行され得る。
本明細書で使用される場合、「及び/または」という用語は、2つ以上の項目の一覧において使用される場合、列挙される項目のうちのいずれか1つがそれ自体で用いられ得るか、または列挙される項目のうちの2つ以上の任意の組み合わせが用いられ得ることを意味する。例えば、組成物が構成要素A、B、及び/またはCを含有するものとして記載される場合、この組成物は、A単独、B単独、C単独、AとBとの組み合わせ、AとCとの組み合わせ、BとCとの組み合わせ、またはAとBとCとの組み合わせを含有し得る。
多孔度(膨張比)
膨張比を、発泡の前後の試料の密度に基づいて計算する。発泡された物品及び固体プラークの密度を、ASTM D792に従って測定する。
発泡された試料を、液体窒素を利用して破砕し、その後、剃刀刃を使用して切片を切り取る。走査電子顕微鏡法(「SEM」)分析の前に、EMITECH(商標)K575Xコーティング機を使用して切片を白金でコーティングする。SEM画像を、FEI Nova NanoSEM630SEMで、エバハート・ソーンリー検出器(「ETD」)及びスルーレンズ検出器(「TLD」)によって、5kVの加速電圧、およそ6.5mmの作業距離、及び5のスポットサイズで取得する。平均セルサイズを、SEM写真の分析を通して得る。
以下の実施例において、以下の材料が用いられる。
機体注入系を有する単軸スクリュー押出機で、物理的発泡実験を実行する。スクリュー直径は50ミリメートル(mm)であり、長さ対直径(L/D)の比は40である。機体注入点は、CO2を発泡剤として有して、スクリューの中央に位置する。温度プロファイルは、140/175/180(気体注入)/170/145(静的混合機)/143(ダイ)である。HDPE、LDPE、及び核形成剤粉末をまず乾燥ブレンドし、その後、押出機の上流に供給する。発泡された生成物を、棒の形状で得る。
以下の表1に提供される配合及び上述の発泡プロセスに従って、7つの比較試料(CS1〜CS7)及び3つの試料(S1〜S3)を調製する。上記に提供される試験方法に従って、それらを分析する。結果を以下の表1に提供する。
本願発明には以下の態様が含まれる。
項1.
核剤として、4:1未満のフッ素樹脂対窒化ホウ素の重量比のフッ素樹脂と窒化ホウ素との組み合わせを使用して、ポリオレフィン組成物を発泡させるプロセス。
項2.
前記フッ素樹脂対窒化ホウ素の重量比が、1:1〜1:4の範囲内にある、項1に記載のプロセス。
項3.
前記ポリオレフィン組成物が、高密度ポリエチレン(「HDPE」)及び低密度ポリエチレン(「LDPE」)を含む、項1または項2に記載のプロセス。
項4.
前記ポリオレフィン組成物が、HDPE及びLDPEからなる、項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
項5.
前記HDPEが、前記ポリオレフィン組成物の総重量に基づいて、45〜95重量パーセントを占め、前記LDPEが、前記ポリオレフィン組成物の総重量に基づいて、4〜54重量パーセントを占める、項4に記載のプロセス。
項6.
前記フッ素樹脂が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(「PTFE」)を含む、項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
項7.
前記フッ素樹脂及び窒化ホウ素が、前記ポリオレフィン組成物の総重量に基づいて、0.01〜1重量パーセントの範囲内の合計量で存在する、項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
項8.
発泡性組成物であって、前記組成物の総重量に基づく重量パーセントで、
(a)45〜95%のHDPEと、
(b)4〜54%のLDPEと、
(c)0.01〜1%の、4:1未満のフッ素樹脂対窒化ホウ素の重量比のフッ素樹脂と窒化ホウ素との組み合わせと、を含む、発泡性組成物。
項9.
項8に記載の発泡性組成物から調製された、発泡体。
項10.
項9に記載の発泡体を含む絶縁層を含む、ケーブル。
Claims (8)
- 核剤として、フッ素樹脂対窒化ホウ素の重量比が1:1〜1:4の範囲内にあるフッ素樹脂と窒化ホウ素との組み合わせを使用して、ポリオレフィン組成物を発泡させるプロセスであり、前記ポリオレフィン組成物が、高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)及び低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)を含む、プロセス。
- 前記ポリオレフィン組成物が、HDPE及びLDPEからなる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記HDPEが、前記ポリオレフィン組成物の総重量に基づいて、45〜95重量パーセントを占め、前記LDPEが、前記ポリオレフィン組成物の総重量に基づいて、4〜54重量パーセントを占める、請求項2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記フッ素樹脂が、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(「PTFE」)を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記フッ素樹脂及び窒化ホウ素が、前記ポリオレフィン組成物の総重量に基づいて、0.01〜1重量パーセントの範囲内の合計量で存在する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 発泡性組成物であって、前記組成物の総重量に基づく重量パーセントで、
(a)高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)を45〜95%、
(b)低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)を4〜54%、
(c)フッ素樹脂対窒化ホウ素の重量比が1:1〜1:4の範囲内にあるフッ素樹脂と窒化ホウ素とを組み合わせた核剤を0.01〜1%、含む、発泡性組成物。 - 請求項6に記載の発泡性組成物から調製された、発泡体。
- 請求項7に記載の発泡体を含む絶縁層を含む、ケーブル。
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EP3807346B1 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2023-03-08 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Chemical foaming agents containing tosyl groups |
WO2020000336A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Compositions suitable for manufacturing polyethylene foam, and articles thereof |
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