JP6857385B2 - Mushroom cultivation method using ductile film - Google Patents

Mushroom cultivation method using ductile film Download PDF

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JP6857385B2
JP6857385B2 JP2016255313A JP2016255313A JP6857385B2 JP 6857385 B2 JP6857385 B2 JP 6857385B2 JP 2016255313 A JP2016255313 A JP 2016255313A JP 2016255313 A JP2016255313 A JP 2016255313A JP 6857385 B2 JP6857385 B2 JP 6857385B2
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高橋 信
信 高橋
隆弘 山内
隆弘 山内
宗之 大前
宗之 大前
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株式会社北研
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本発明は、展伸性と酸素透過性及び透光性を備えたポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体を活用したキノコの栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms utilizing a polymethylpentene film body having extensibility, oxygen permeability and translucency.

キノコの栽培法には、大別して、培地を蓋の閉まった瓶に詰めて栽培する方法(瓶栽培)と、培地をポリエチレン製等の袋に入れて栽培する方法(袋栽培)が知られている。
瓶栽培にあっては、栽培室の棚に瓶を重ねて積むか又は棚の高さを短寸とすることができる等して、室内に密度を高めて効率良く収納することができるが、他方では、硬質のキャップで閉められるので、培地の隆起が押しつぶされてキノコの原基形成が阻害され、又、キャップを外す際にキャップ素材とキノコとが癒着し、キノコを損傷させてしまう等の発生上の欠点を有している。
一方、袋栽培にあっては、上部に原基形成及び子実体の成長を促す空間を設けることができ、良好な発生条件を備えるが、他方では、その袋の上部に配する発生用の空間が室内への収納を邪魔してしまい、収納密度に欠ける等の欠点を有している。
Mushroom cultivation methods are roughly classified into a method of cultivating a medium in a bottle with a closed lid (bottle cultivation) and a method of cultivating the medium in a bag made of polyethylene or the like (bag cultivation). There is.
In the case of bottle cultivation, the bottles can be stacked on the shelves in the cultivation room or the height of the shelves can be shortened so that the density can be increased and the bottles can be efficiently stored in the room. On the other hand, since it is closed with a hard cap, the uplift of the medium is crushed and the formation of the mushroom primordium is hindered, and when the cap is removed, the cap material and the mushroom adhere to each other, damaging the mushroom. Has a drawback in the generation of.
On the other hand, in bag cultivation, a space for promoting primordium formation and fruiting body growth can be provided in the upper part, which provides good generation conditions, but on the other hand, a space for generation is arranged in the upper part of the bag. However, it interferes with storage in the room and has drawbacks such as lack of storage density.

又、瓶栽培及び袋栽培のいずれにあっても、原基形成や子実体の生育等に必要とされる空気を取り入れるために、瓶体と蓋体との間に隙間を形成したり、不織布製の通気フィルターを装着したりしているが、どちらも発生面に対する空気供給量が不均一となりがちで、キノコの発生部位に偏りを生む一因となっている。 In addition, in both bottle cultivation and bag cultivation, a gap is formed between the bottle body and the lid body in order to take in the air required for the formation of the primordium and the growth of fruiting bodies, and the non-woven fabric is used. Although they are equipped with a ventilation filter made of wood, the amount of air supplied to the generation surface tends to be uneven, which is one of the causes of bias in the mushroom generation site.

更に、キノコの原基形成には光の照射が必要とされるが、一般的には半透明の素材を用いているため素材通過後の照度は83%程度に減少するものとなり、原基形成の遅れを招き、培養期間短縮の妨げとなっている。 Furthermore, although light irradiation is required to form the primordium of mushrooms, since a translucent material is generally used, the illuminance after passing through the material is reduced to about 83%, and the primordium is formed. This causes a delay in the culture and hinders the shortening of the culture period.

尚、キノコ栽培培地に対する菌糸塊の生成に対する技術として特許文献1が存する。しかし、これは製造時又は保存時に菌糸塊が生成し難い栽培用培地に接種する方法に関するものであって、菌糸塊の生育を阻害しない本発明とは趣旨を異にするものである。 Patent Document 1 exists as a technique for producing hyphal masses on a mushroom cultivation medium. However, this relates to a method of inoculating a cultivation medium in which hyphal masses are unlikely to be generated during production or storage, and is different from the present invention in which the growth of hyphal masses is not inhibited.

特開2006−280371号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-280371

本発明は、上記実情に鑑みてなされたもので、展伸性と酸素透過性を備えたフィルム体により、栽培室空間を効率的に活用した高い収納密度と良好なキノコの発生条件が確保できる両立性を備えると共に、フィルムの酸素の透過性と透光性により発生部位に偏りのない均質的な原基形成を促すことに加え栽培期間の短縮化を図ることのできるキノコの栽培方法を提供しようとするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a film body having extensibility and oxygen permeability can ensure a high storage density and good mushroom generation conditions that efficiently utilize the cultivation room space. Providing a mushroom cultivation method that is compatible and can shorten the cultivation period in addition to promoting the formation of a homogeneous primordium with no bias at the generation site due to the oxygen permeability and translucency of the film. It is something to try.

上記課題を解決するために、請求項1記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法は、保形性を備え上面に開口部を配して一定量の培地が充填可能な容器本体と、該容器本体の上面を被覆する展伸性、酸素透過性及び透光性を備えたポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体と、該フィルム体を容器本体に固定する固着手段とを備えた栽培容器を用い、a)殺菌処理した培地を容器本体に充填するか、又は、培地を充填した後に容器本体を殺菌処理する培地の殺菌・充填工程と、b)該培地表面に種菌を散布すると共に、容器本体をフィルム体で被覆して固着手段で密着固定させる種菌接種工程と、c)酸素透過性、透光性の環境下で、接種した菌糸を培地に蔓延させる菌糸培養前期工程と、d)菌糸蔓延によって原基形成が開始され、且つ、菌糸塊の形成により培地が隆起する場合に、その隆起に展伸性のポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体が追随し、菌糸体量の増加を妨害することなく原基形成を促す菌糸培養後期工程と、e)原基形成が完了したら、容器本体からフィルム体を外した状態で子実体の成長を促す子実体生育工程と、f)成熟した子実体を採取する採取工程とから成ることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the method for cultivating mushrooms using the extensible film according to claim 1 comprises a container body having shape retention and having an opening on the upper surface so that a certain amount of medium can be filled. Using a cultivation container provided with a polymethylpentene film body having extensibility, oxygen permeability and translucency that covers the upper surface of the container body, and a fixing means for fixing the film body to the container body, a. ) The sterilization / filling step of the medium in which the sterilized medium is filled in the container body or the container body is sterilized after the medium is filled, and b) the inoculum is sprayed on the surface of the medium and the container body is filmed. Inoculum inoculation step of covering with the body and adhering and fixing with fixing means, c) early stage of mycelium culture in which the inoculated mycelium spreads in the medium in an oxygen permeable and translucent environment, and d) original by mycelium spread. When group formation is started and the medium is raised due to the formation of mycelial mass, the extensible polymethylpentene film body follows the uplift, and the original group is formed without interfering with the increase in the amount of mycelial body. The late step of mycelial culture to promote the growth of the mycelium, e) the growth step of the offspring that promotes the growth of the offspring with the film removed from the container body after the formation of the primordia, and f) the collection step of collecting the mature offspring. It is characterized by consisting of.

請求項2に記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法は、培地の充填工程を、培地を容器上面に摺り切りの平坦状とするか、或いは少なくとも容器天端から20mm以内の高さに充填したことを特徴とする。 In the method for cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film according to claim 2, the medium is filled in a flat state by scraping the medium on the upper surface of the container, or at least at a height within 20 mm from the top of the container. It is characterized by having done it.

請求項3に記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法は、ポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体が120℃以上の耐熱性を備えたものであることを特徴とする。 The method for cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film according to claim 3 is characterized in that the polymethylpentene film body has heat resistance of 120 ° C. or higher.

請求項4に記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法は、ポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体がキノコとの癒着性のないものであることを特徴とする。 The method for cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film according to claim 4 is characterized in that the polymethylpentene film body does not adhere to mushrooms.

請求項1記載の栽培方法にあっては、接種した菌糸を培地に蔓延させる培養前期工程及び原基形成が進む培養後期工程に至ると、ここには酸素の供給が必要とされるが、本発明ポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体にあっては酸素透過性に優れるので、充分な酸素供給が確保され、且つ、それが培地全体に均一的で偏りのないものとなる。 In the cultivation method according to claim 1, oxygen is required to be supplied to the early stage step of culturing in which the inoculated mycelium spreads in the medium and the late stage culturing step in which the formation of the primordia progresses. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The polymethylpentene film body is excellent in oxygen permeability, so that a sufficient oxygen supply is ensured, and the polymethylpentene film body is uniform and unbiased throughout the medium.

又、同原基形成にあっては、光の照射が必要とされるが、透光性に優れたポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体によって、培地へ光の刺激が与えられ、栄養成長から生殖成長へと進んで、適正な原基の形成を促すことができる。
同時に、透光性のポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体により、培地に対し原基の形成時期に充分な光が投与され、適正な原基形成が促され、栽培期間を短縮させることができる。
In addition, light irradiation is required for the formation of the same primordium, but the polymethylpentene film body with excellent translucency gives light stimulation to the medium, from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. It is possible to promote the formation of an appropriate primordium.
At the same time, the translucent polymethylpentene film body administers sufficient light to the medium at the time of formation of the primordium, promotes proper formation of the primordium, and can shorten the cultivation period.

該原基形成が継続され、培地表面に生まれる菌糸塊により培地が隆起する場合には、優れた展伸性を備えたポリメチルペンテン性の特性によって、培地の隆起に追随してフィルム体を伸長させることができ、菌糸塊を抑えてしまい菌糸体量の増加を妨害する弊を回避することができる。 When the formation of the primordium is continued and the mycelium is raised by the hyphal mass formed on the surface of the medium, the film body is stretched to follow the raising of the medium due to the polymethylpentene property having excellent extensibility. It is possible to suppress the mycelial mass and avoid the harmful effect of hindering the increase in the amount of mycelium.

菌糸が充分に増量され、培地表面に褐色化が見られる等して原基形成が完了する段階となったら、フィルム体を容器本体から外して、15℃程度の発生室におき、子実体の生育を促すことができる。 When the amount of hyphae is sufficiently increased and the surface of the medium is browned and the formation of the primordium is completed, the film body is removed from the container body and placed in a generation chamber at about 15 ° C. Can promote growth.

充分な菌糸体の増量の下に原基形成が促され、且つ、適正な環境下で成長した子実体は適切な大きさと数を確保することができるものとなり、これを採取して優れたキノコを得ることができる。 Primordium formation is promoted under a sufficient increase in mycelium, and fruiting bodies grown in an appropriate environment can secure an appropriate size and number, and excellent mushrooms are collected from this fruiting body. Can be obtained.

その際、本発明に使用する栽培容器によれば、栽培室の棚に重ねて積むか又は棚の高さを短寸とすることができ、栽培室内に多くの数を設置して収納密度を高めることができ、同時に、上記の如く、培地が隆起する場合に、培地の隆起に追随してポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体を伸長させることができ、菌糸塊を抑制するという発生上の欠点を克服することができる。
従って、高い収納密度と良好なキノコの発生条件の確保という双方の要求を両立させることができるものとなる。
At that time, according to the cultivation container used in the present invention, the shelves in the cultivation room can be stacked or the height of the shelves can be shortened, and a large number can be installed in the cultivation room to increase the storage density. At the same time, as described above, when the medium is raised, the polymethylpentene film body can be stretched following the raising of the medium, overcoming the developmental defect of suppressing the mycelial mass. can do.
Therefore, it is possible to achieve both the requirements of high storage density and ensuring good mushroom generation conditions.

請求項2の栽培法にあっては、培地の充填工程を、培地を容器上面に摺り切りの平坦状とするか、或いは少なくとも容器天端から20mm以内の高さに充填することで、培地とフィルム体との間の空間を零、若しくは極少とすることができ、二酸化炭素によるキノコ菌への呼吸の妨げ及び培地表面の水分減少を防ぐことができる。 In the cultivation method of claim 2, the culture medium is filled with the medium by flattening the upper surface of the container or filling the medium at a height of at least 20 mm from the top of the container. The space between the film and the film can be made zero or minimal, and carbon dioxide can prevent the mushroom bacteria from breathing and the water content on the surface of the medium can be prevented from decreasing.

請求項3の栽培法にあっては、ポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体が120℃以上の耐熱性を備えたものとすることで高温殺菌を可能とすることができる。 In the cultivation method of claim 3, high-temperature sterilization can be achieved by making the polymethylpentene film body have heat resistance of 120 ° C. or higher.

請求項4の栽培法にあっては、ポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体がキノコとの癒着性のないものとすることで、子実体の成長時期等にあってキノコに損傷を与える虞が解消される。 In the cultivation method of claim 4, by making the polymethylpentene film body non-adhesive to mushrooms, the risk of damaging mushrooms at the time of fruiting body growth or the like is eliminated. ..

本発明栽培容器を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the cultivation container of this invention. 本発明の各工程の流れを示すチャート図である。It is a chart figure which shows the flow of each process of this invention. 本発明の各工程の模式的断面図である。It is a schematic sectional view of each process of this invention. 本発明栽培容器を用いて栽培する状態を示す断面図で、(A)が重ね積みた場合、(B)が棚に載置した場合を示す。It is sectional drawing which shows the state of cultivating using the cultivation container of this invention, and shows the case where (A) is stacked, and (B) is placed on a shelf. 実施例で得られたシイタケの写真である。It is a photograph of shiitake mushrooms obtained in the examples. 従来の栽培容器を示す模式的斜視図で、(イ)が瓶栽培、(ロ)が袋栽培の場合を示す。In a schematic perspective view showing a conventional cultivation container, (a) shows a case of bottle cultivation and (b) shows a case of bag cultivation.

本発明に適用可能なキノコは、シイタケ、ナメコ、ブナシメジ、エノキタケ、エリンギ等の容器栽培の可能なキノコが対象となる。
培地3には、広葉樹のオガコ、コーンコブ、綿実カス、針葉樹等が適用できる。
Mushrooms applicable to the present invention include mushrooms that can be cultivated in containers such as shiitake mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, beech mushrooms, enokitake mushrooms, and king trumpet mushrooms.
As the medium 3, broad-leaved ogako, corn hump, cotton dregs, coniferous trees and the like can be applied.

図1に示す如く、本発明栽培容器1には、保形性を備え一定量の培地3が充填可能な容器本体2を用いる。
保形性とは、変形の虞ある袋体を除く意であり、図4に示す如く、脚2aをつけた場合に積み重ね可能な硬質さを備えた素材を指し、例えば、ポリプロピレン等のプラスチックが挙げられる。
この容器は、栽培容器として機能するもので、上記一定容量の培地を充填可能とすると共に、後述する接種、菌糸の蔓延、原基形成等に必要なよう上部に開口部を設けたものとする。
As shown in FIG. 1, as the cultivation container 1 of the present invention, a container body 2 which has shape retention and can be filled with a certain amount of medium 3 is used.
Shape retention means excluding a bag body that may be deformed, and as shown in FIG. 4, refers to a material having hardness that can be stacked when the legs 2a are attached, for example, plastic such as polypropylene. Can be mentioned.
This container functions as a cultivation container, and can be filled with the above-mentioned constant volume of medium, and has an opening at the top so as necessary for inoculation, hyphal spread, primordium formation, etc., which will be described later. ..

次いで、本発明には、該容器本体2の上部を被覆可能な、展伸性、酸素透過性及び透光性を備えたポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体4を使用する。
ここで、展伸性とは、後述する菌糸塊の発生による培地の隆起に対して追随して延伸し得る性能をいう。
酸素透過性とは、菌糸の蔓延及び原基の形成に必要とされる酸素を含んだ空気を通過させ得る性能をいう。
そして、透光性とは、上記と同様菌糸の蔓延及び原基の形成に必要な光を、自然光又は照明具6等から採光可能とする性能をいう。
この展伸性、酸素透過性及透光性の3つ性能を備えたフィルム体として、上記ポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体が挙げられる。具体的にはフォーラップ(リケンテクノス株式会社登録商標)がある。
該フォーラップは、引張り試験において、伸び率が、MD方向(フィルムの引き出し方向)に90%、TD方向(フィルムの幅方向)に570%を示している。又、酸素透過試験においては、O透過は、4.0×10−10mol/m・s・Pa(JISK7026−1附属書2準拠)、7.0×10cc/m・24hr・atmの値を示している。
耐熱性は、測定方法(東京都消費生活条例の品質表示実施要領)に基づいて、180の値を示している。
厚み10μmの透明性のラップフィルム体である。
本発明は、斯かる特性を備えたフィルム体を活用することに重要な特徴が存する。
Next, in the present invention, a polymethylpentene film body 4 having extensible property, oxygen permeability and translucency, which can cover the upper part of the container body 2, is used.
Here, the malleability refers to the ability to follow the uplift of the medium due to the generation of hyphal masses, which will be described later, and to stretch.
Oxygen permeability refers to the ability to pass oxygen-containing air required for hyphal spread and primordium formation.
The translucent property refers to the ability to collect the light required for the spread of hyphae and the formation of the primordium from natural light or the luminaire 6 or the like as described above.
Examples of the film body having the three performances of malleability, oxygen permeability and translucency include the polymethylpentene film body. Specifically, there is Forap (registered trademark of RIKEN TECHNOS CORPORATION).
In the tensile test, the plastic wrap shows an elongation rate of 90% in the MD direction (film pull-out direction) and 570% in the TD direction (film width direction). Moreover, in the oxygen permeation test, O 2 permeation, 4.0 × 10 -10 mol / m 2 · s · Pa (JISK7026-1 Annex 2 compliant), 7.0 × 10 4 cc / m 2 · 24hr -Indicates the value of atm.
The heat resistance shows a value of 180 based on the measurement method (quality labeling implementation guideline of the Tokyo Metropolitan Consumer Affairs Ordinance).
It is a transparent wrap film body having a thickness of 10 μm.
The present invention has an important feature in utilizing a film body having such characteristics.

そして、前記フィルム体4には、これを容器本体2に固定する固着手段5を設ける。具体的には、一つ目に、容器本体の上外縁部を平滑面に形成し、該外縁部にフィルム体を密着させた際、真空密着作用によりフィルム体が容器本体に固定される手段がある。二つ目に、容器本体の上縁部にフィルム体を被せ、そこをゴム紐又はテープ、糸紐等で縛着する手段がある。三つ目には、バネ体を介して上縁部付近を締め付け可能な器具等を挙げることができる。
いずれにあっても、上記フィルム体4に後述する菌糸塊による隆起作用が加わったとき、該フィルム体4が容器本体2から外れることなく、その密着性を保つ固着性があれば良い。
Then, the film body 4 is provided with a fixing means 5 for fixing the film body 4 to the container body 2. Specifically, first, when the upper outer edge of the container body is formed on a smooth surface and the film body is brought into close contact with the outer edge, the film body is fixed to the container body by a vacuum adhesion action. is there. Secondly, there is a means of covering the upper edge of the container body with a film body and binding the film body with a rubber string, a tape, a thread string or the like. Thirdly, there can be an instrument or the like that can tighten the vicinity of the upper edge portion via a spring body.
In any case, when the film body 4 is subjected to the uplifting action due to the hyphal mass described later, the film body 4 does not come off from the container body 2 and may have a stickiness to maintain its adhesion.

本発明にあっては、斯かる栽培容器1を用いて、図2に示す如く、培地の殺菌・充填工程、種菌接種工程、菌糸培養前期工程、菌糸培養後期工程、子実体生育工程、採取工程を施すものとする。 In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, using such a cultivation container 1, a medium sterilization / filling step, an inoculum inoculation step, a mycelial culture early step, a mycelial culture late step, a fruiting body growth step, and a collection step. Shall be applied.

先ず、殺菌・充填工程にあっては、殺菌処理した培地3を容器本体2に充填する方法があり、具体的には、培地3全体を蒸気滅菌する。
又は、培地3を容器本体2に充填し、一旦縁部にフィルム体4を装着した後に、殺菌処理する方法がある。具体的には、培地3を充填した容器本体2の縁部をフィルム体4で覆い、120℃60分間の蒸気殺菌をする。
いずれが良いかは個別に判断するが、比較的規模が大きな場合には、前者が好適であり、規模の小さな場合には後者が適したものとなる。
First, in the sterilization / filling step, there is a method of filling the container body 2 with the sterilized medium 3. Specifically, the entire medium 3 is steam sterilized.
Alternatively, there is a method in which the medium 3 is filled in the container body 2, the film body 4 is once attached to the edge, and then the sterilization treatment is performed. Specifically, the edge of the container body 2 filled with the medium 3 is covered with the film body 4, and steam sterilization is performed at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
Which is better is determined individually, but when the scale is relatively large, the former is suitable, and when the scale is small, the latter is suitable.

この充填工程にあって最も望ましい形態は、図3(a)に示す如く、容器本体2の上縁部まで培地3を入れ、その表面を摺り切りの平坦状とすることである。
その理由は、後工程で培地にフィルム体を被せたとき、該フィルム体と培地が密着状態となり、隙間空間を極少とすることができるからである。もし、大きな隙間空間が存在すると、発生した炭酸ガスがその比重の重さから空間に滞留して、キノコ菌の呼吸の妨げとなり、又、培地表面からの水分蒸散のできる空間が大きくなり培地表面の水分が減少してしまうからである。
As shown in FIG. 3A, the most desirable form in this filling step is to put the medium 3 up to the upper edge of the container body 2 and flatten the surface thereof.
The reason is that when the medium is covered with the film body in the subsequent step, the film body and the medium are in close contact with each other, and the gap space can be minimized. If there is a large gap space, the generated carbon dioxide gas stays in the space due to its specific gravity, which hinders the respiration of mushroom bacteria, and the space where water can be evaporated from the medium surface becomes large, so that the medium surface becomes large. This is because the water content of the medium is reduced.

平坦状に至らない場合には、容器本体の天端から少なくとも20mm以内に収まる空間とすることが望ましい。
上記と同様、溜まり空間を一定限度に抑えることで、キノコ菌への呼吸の妨げ及び表面の水分減少を最小限に抑えることができるからである。
If it does not become flat, it is desirable that the space fits within at least 20 mm from the top of the container body.
This is because, as described above, by limiting the pooling space to a certain limit, it is possible to minimize the obstruction of respiration by mushroom bacteria and the decrease in water content on the surface.

器本体に培地が充填されたら、培地表面に栽培対象となるキノコの種菌を接種する接種工程を行う。
上記充填工程で、フィルム体4を被せた場合には、該フィルム体4を外して接種する。
接種は、通常の種菌の接種と同様で、微粒子の種菌を水との懸濁液とし、噴霧状に降りかける等して行う(図3(b)参照)。
そして、容器本体2をフィルム体4で被覆して固着手段5で密着固定する(図3(c)参照)。
固着手段5は、上記の如く、容器本体2の上外縁部を平滑面に形成するか、ゴム紐又はテープ、糸紐等で縛着する等して、フィルム体に後述する菌糸塊による隆起作用が加わったとき、該フィルム体が容器本体から外れることなく、その密着性を保つものとする。
該フィルム体4の固着は、雑菌侵入によるコンタミネーションを防止する為のものである。
After the medium is filled in the vessel body, an inoculation step is performed in which the surface of the medium is inoculated with the inoculum of the mushroom to be cultivated.
When the film body 4 is covered in the filling step, the film body 4 is removed and inoculated.
The inoculation is the same as the inoculation of normal inoculation, and the inoculation of fine particles is made into a suspension with water and sprayed onto the inoculation (see FIG. 3 (b)).
Then, the container body 2 is covered with the film body 4 and closely fixed by the fixing means 5 (see FIG. 3C).
As described above, the fixing means 5 forms the upper outer edge of the container body 2 on a smooth surface, or binds the upper outer edge portion of the container body 2 with a rubber string, a tape, a thread string, or the like to raise the film body by a hyphal mass described later. When the film is added, the film body does not come off from the container body, and its adhesion is maintained.
The sticking of the film body 4 is for preventing contamination due to invasion of various germs.

接種が完了して、一定の培養期間が経過すると、培地に種菌が蔓延してゆく、培養前期工程が実行される(図3(d)参照)。
該培地への菌糸の蔓延及び後述する原基の形成には、本来酸素の供給が必要となる。
しかし、図6に示す如く、従来空気の取り入れには、瓶体と蓋体との間に隙間を形成したり、不織布製の通気フィルターを装着したりしているが、どちらも発生面に対する空気供給量が不均一となり、キノコの発生部位に偏りを生む一因となっている。
これに対し、本発明のポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体は、上記の如く、4.0×10−10mol/m・s・Pa、7.0×10cc/m・24hr・atmの優れた酸素の透過性を備えたものであり、上記酸素供給の要求に応え得るものとなる。
When the inoculation is completed and a certain culture period elapses, the inoculum spreads in the medium, and the pre-culture step is executed (see FIG. 3 (d)).
The spread of hyphae on the medium and the formation of primordium, which will be described later, originally require the supply of oxygen.
However, as shown in FIG. 6, conventionally, in order to take in air, a gap is formed between the bottle body and the lid body, or a non-woven fabric ventilation filter is attached, but both of them are air with respect to the generating surface. The supply amount becomes uneven, which is one of the causes of bias in the mushroom generation site.
In contrast, polymethyl pentene film of the present invention, as described above, 4.0 × 10 -10 mol / m 2 · s · Pa, 7.0 × 10 4 cc / m 2 · 24hr · atm of It has excellent oxygen permeability and can meet the above-mentioned oxygen supply requirements.

さて、上記培養前記工程で菌糸が蔓延していくと、やがて原基形成が開始される。
この原基形成にあっては、上記酸素供給に加えて、光の照射が必要となる。
その理由は、原基形成にあっては、キノコの成長が栄養成長から生殖成長へと切り替わる時期であり、この光の存在によって、刺激が与えられ、成長段階の切り替えの契機となるからである。
しかし、従来、一般的に半透明の素材を用いているため、素材通過後の照度は83%程度に減少し、原基形成の遅れを招き、培養期間短縮の妨げとなっていた。
これに対し、本発明のポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体は、透明体であり、優れた透光性を備えたもので、上記光照射の要求に応え得るものとなる。
By the way, when the hyphae spread in the above-mentioned culture step, primordium formation is started soon.
In addition to the above oxygen supply, light irradiation is required for the formation of the primordium.
The reason is that in primordium formation, mushroom growth switches from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the presence of this light stimulates the growth stage. ..
However, since a translucent material is generally used in the past, the illuminance after passing through the material is reduced to about 83%, which causes a delay in the formation of the primordium and hinders the shortening of the culture period.
On the other hand, the polymethylpentene film body of the present invention is a transparent body and has excellent translucency, and can meet the above-mentioned demand for light irradiation.

この光照射の要求に対し、光源とするのは自然光でも良いが、必要に応じて人工照明を施す。
自然光を利用する場合には、容器本体2の上部に自然光が射し込み可能な空間を確保し、人工照明の場合には、上部にLED等の照明具6を配設する。
In response to this demand for light irradiation, natural light may be used as the light source, but artificial lighting is provided as necessary.
When using natural light, a space where natural light can shine is secured in the upper part of the container body 2, and in the case of artificial lighting, a lighting tool 6 such as an LED is arranged in the upper part.

さて、原基形成が進むと、容器の表面に、図3(e)に示す如く、培地3が隆起3aする現象が見られることがある。
その理由は、以下の如くに、推察される。
培地全体に菌糸が蔓延すると、菌糸は原基形成のための被膜を形成すると共に、培地内部の菌糸体量を増加させ、養分蓄積を充実させるため菌床の上部の方から菌糸塊をつくることがある。つまり、原基を形成する菌糸体量を確保するのに必要な空間が培地内だけでは確保できず、形成された菌糸塊が培地を膨張させ、培地3表面を隆起させるものと考えられる。
従って、この菌糸塊の形成を抑制してしまうことは、菌糸体量の増加を阻害することになり、適正な原基形成を妨害する結果を招くことになる。
これに対し、本発明フィルム体は上記の如く、伸び率がMD方向に90%、TD方向に570%を示す如く、優れた展伸性を示すものである。
従って、菌糸塊の形成により培地3が隆起3aする場合に、その隆起に展伸性のポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体4が追随し、菌糸体量の増加を妨害することなく適正な原基形成を促すものとなる。
As the formation of the primordium progresses, a phenomenon in which the medium 3 rises 3a may be observed on the surface of the container as shown in FIG. 3 (e).
The reason can be inferred as follows.
When hyphae spread throughout the medium, the hyphae form a film for primordium formation, increase the amount of mycelium inside the medium, and form a hyphal mass from the upper part of the mycelium to enhance nutrient accumulation. There is. That is, it is considered that the space required to secure the amount of mycelium forming the primordium cannot be secured only in the medium, and the formed mycelial mass expands the medium and raises the surface of the medium 3.
Therefore, suppressing the formation of this mycelial mass inhibits the increase in the amount of mycelium, resulting in hindering the proper formation of the primordium.
On the other hand, the film body of the present invention exhibits excellent malleability as described above, as the elongation rate is 90% in the MD direction and 570% in the TD direction.
Therefore, when the medium 3 is raised 3a due to the formation of mycelial mass, the ductile polymethylpentene film body 4 follows the uplift, and proper primordium formation is performed without interfering with the increase in mycelial mass. It will be a reminder.

培地表面の略全体が茶褐色を呈し始める等して原基形成が完了したら、容器本体2からフィルム体4を外した状態で子実体の成長を促す生育工程へと進む(図3(f)参照)。
原基形成が終期に近づくと、培地表面の略全体が褐色化する変化が見られ、これは原基形成が略完了した証左でもある。又、原基形成がほぼ終了し、子実体の発生初期に幼子実体が見られる時期となる。
そこで、この原基形成が終了し、又は、幼子実体の発生の見られる附近の時期を原基形成の完了時と捉え、この時期に、固着手段5を解いてフィルム体4を容器本体2から外し、子実体の生育を促すべく15℃程度の発生室へと移動させる。
ここでフィルム体4を容器本体2から外すとは、フィルム体が容器を密閉する状態を脱することをいい、フィルム体を切って培地が露出する状態とすることも含む意である。
フィルム体を外すとき、フィルム体4とキノコが癒着すると、キノコ発生を損傷させるものとなるが、本発明フィルム体表面を平坦状とすれば、キノコとの癒着性のないものとなる。
この工程は、基本的に通常の子実体の生育と変わらぬ環境であるが、上記菌糸体量の増加が妨害されず充分な原基形成が促された後での子実体の生育となり、適正で多くの子実体の生育が確認されている。
When the formation of the primordium is completed, such as when substantially the entire surface of the medium begins to turn brown, the process proceeds to a growth step of promoting the growth of fruiting bodies with the film body 4 removed from the container body 2 (see FIG. 3 (f)). ).
As the primordium formation approaches the final stage, a change is observed in which almost the entire surface of the medium turns brown, which is also evidence that the primordium formation is almost completed. In addition, the formation of the primordium is almost completed, and the fruiting body is seen in the early stage of fruiting body development.
Therefore, the time near the end of the formation of the primordium or the occurrence of fruiting bodies is regarded as the completion of the formation of the primordium, and at this time, the fixing means 5 is released and the film body 4 is removed from the container body 2. Remove and move to a generation chamber at about 15 ° C to promote the growth of fruiting bodies.
Here, removing the film body 4 from the container body 2 means removing the state in which the film body seals the container, and also means cutting the film body to expose the medium.
When the film body is removed, if the film body 4 and the mushrooms adhere to each other, the mushroom generation is damaged. However, if the surface of the film body of the present invention is made flat, the mushrooms do not adhere to each other.
This step is basically the same environment as normal fruiting body growth, but the fruiting body grows after the increase in mycelium mass is not hindered and sufficient primordium formation is promoted, which is appropriate. The growth of many fruiting bodies has been confirmed in.

子実体が成熟したら、これを採取し、キノコ製品とする(図3(g)参照)。 When the fruiting body matures, it is collected and used as a mushroom product (see FIG. 3 (g)).

以上の如く、本発明によれば、その使用する栽培容器により、例えば図4(A)に示す如く、容器底部に自立用の脚2aを適当長さに配すると、容器本体を重ねて積むことができ、又、図4(B)に示す如く、棚に積む場合にも、棚の高さを短寸とすることができる。従って、栽培室内により多くの数の栽培容器を設置することができ、室内に効率良く収納し、収納密度を高めることができる。
同時に、上記の如く、培地が隆起する場合に、培地の隆起に追随して展伸性に富んだポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体を伸長させることができ、菌糸塊を抑制してしまい菌糸体量の増加を阻害するという発生上の欠点を克服することができる。
従って、高い収納密度と良好なキノコの発生条件の確保という双方の要求を両立させることができるものとなる。
As described above, according to the present invention, depending on the cultivation container used, for example, as shown in FIG. 4 (A), when the self-supporting legs 2a are arranged at an appropriate length on the bottom of the container, the container bodies are stacked. Also, as shown in FIG. 4 (B), the height of the shelves can be shortened even when they are stacked on the shelves. Therefore, a larger number of cultivation containers can be installed in the cultivation room, and the cultivation containers can be efficiently stored in the room and the storage density can be increased.
At the same time, as described above, when the medium is raised, the polymethylpentene film body having high malleability can be stretched following the raising of the medium, suppressing the mycelial mass and increasing the amount of mycelium. The developmental drawback of inhibiting the increase can be overcome.
Therefore, it is possible to achieve both the requirements of high storage density and ensuring good mushroom generation conditions.

又、充分な酸素供給の確保とその培地全体への偏りのない均一性から、キノコ発生部位を均質化することができ、且つ、透光性により充分な光が投与され、適正な原基形成が促されると共に栽培期間を短縮させ得ることも上記した通りである。 In addition, it is possible to homogenize the mushroom generation site from ensuring sufficient oxygen supply and uniform uniformity throughout the medium, and sufficient light is administered due to its translucency to form an appropriate primordium. As mentioned above, the cultivation period can be shortened as well as being promoted.

<実施例>
対象をシイタケとし、これに適した培地として、広葉樹オガコに栄養体としてフスマを培地重量の10wt%を添加・混合し、加水して62wt%の水分量に調整した。
150×150×50mmの箱型のポリプロピレン製の容器本体に、上記培地を上面摺り切りの平坦面状に充填し、そこをポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体(フォーラップ)で覆い、ゴム紐で縛着した。これを120℃で60分間の蒸気殺菌を施した。
冷却後、フィルム体を一旦外し、シイタケ種菌を接種し、再びフィルム体を縛着した。
これを20℃、RH60〜80%に管理した部屋で、60日間培養した。照明は、作業中に室内照明灯を点灯し、培地表面付近で200〜300lux、1日に0.5〜4時間の照射とした。
<Example>
The subject was shiitake mushroom, and as a suitable medium, 10 wt% of bran as a nutrient was added to and mixed with broad-leaved ogako, and water was added to adjust the water content to 62 wt%.
A box-shaped polypropylene container body of 150 x 150 x 50 mm is filled with the above medium in a flat surface with a scraped top surface, covered with a polymethylpentene film body (plastic wrap), and bound with a rubber string. did. This was steam sterilized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
After cooling, the film body was once removed, inoculated with shiitake mushroom inoculum, and the film body was bound again.
This was cultured for 60 days in a room controlled at 20 ° C. and RH 60-80%. The lighting was set to 200 to 300 lux near the surface of the medium and 0.5 to 4 hours a day by turning on the indoor lighting during the work.

30日目から培地の隆起が始まり、高さが10mm程度に至ったが、被覆したポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体はこれに追随して伸長し、その後45日目から培地表面の褐色化が始まり、さらに原基形成が進行した。
培養完了した菌床を15℃、RH80〜90%に管理した発生室に移し、フィルム体を除去し24時間浸水した。その後10日目にキノコ(シイタケ)を得た(図5)。
The uplift of the medium began on the 30th day and reached a height of about 10 mm, but the coated polymethylpentene film body subsequently stretched, and then on the 45th day, the surface of the medium began to brown. Further primordium formation progressed.
The cultured bacterial bed was transferred to a development chamber controlled at 15 ° C. and RH 80 to 90%, the film body was removed, and the cells were immersed in water for 24 hours. Then, on the 10th day, mushrooms (shiitake mushrooms) were obtained (Fig. 5).

この時の初回発生のみのキノコ生重は、単位培地重量あたり20%〜25%であり、培養期間と発生期間を合わせた栽培期間は70日であった。
一般に用いられている3Kg菌床の場合は、100日の培養期間と120日の発生期間を合わせた220日の栽培期間に収穫できるキノコ生重が700〜1000gであり、培地重量の23%〜30%である。
今回のラップ利用栽培と既存の3kg袋栽培を比較すると、単位培地重量あたりで比較した場合は同等の生重のキノコを、ラップ利用栽培においては既存袋栽培と比較して30%以下の栽培期間で得られたことになる。
At this time, the raw weight of mushrooms only generated for the first time was 20% to 25% per unit medium weight, and the cultivation period including the culture period and the development period was 70 days.
In the case of a commonly used 3 kg fungus bed, the raw weight of mushrooms that can be harvested during the 220-day cultivation period, which is the sum of the 100-day culture period and the 120-day development period, is 700 to 1000 g, which is 23% to 23% of the medium weight. It is 30%.
Comparing this wrap-based cultivation with the existing 3 kg bag cultivation, mushrooms with the same raw weight when compared per unit medium weight are cultivated, and in the wrap-based cultivation, the cultivation period is 30% or less compared to the existing bag cultivation. It will be obtained in.

培養完了時点における害菌汚染はなく、フィルム体のフィルターとしてのバクテリアバリア性も確認できた。 There was no contamination with harmful bacteria at the time of completion of the culture, and the bacterial barrier property as a filter of the film was confirmed.

1・・ 栽培容器
2・・ 容器本体
2a・・脚
3・・ 培地
3a 隆起
4・・ フィルム体
5・・ 固着手段
6・・ 照明具
1 ・ ・ Cultivation container 2 ・ ・ Container body 2a ・ ・ Leg 3 ・ ・ Medium 3a Uplift 4 ・ ・ Film body 5 ・ ・ Fixing means 6 ・ ・ Lighting equipment

Claims (4)

保形性を備え上面に開口部を配して一定量の培地が充填可能な容器本体と、該容器本体の上面を被覆する展伸性、酸素透過性及び透光性を備えたポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体と、該フィルム体を容器本体に固定する固着手段とを備えた栽培容器を用い、
a)殺菌処理した培地を容器本体に充填するか、又は、培地を充填した後に容器本体を殺菌処理する培地の殺菌・充填工程と、
b)該培地表面に種菌を散布すると共に、容器本体をフィルム体で被覆して固着手段で密着固定させる種菌接種工程と、
c)酸素透過性、透光性の環境下で、接種した菌糸を培地に蔓延させる菌糸培養前期工程と、
d)菌糸蔓延によって原基形成が開始され、且つ、菌糸塊の形成により培地が隆起する場合に、その隆起に展伸性のポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体が追随し、菌糸体量の増加を妨害することなく原基形成を促す菌糸培養後期工程と、
e)原基形成が完了したら、容器本体からフィルム体を外した状態で子実体の成長を促す子実体生育工程と、
f)成熟した子実体を採取する採取工程と、
から成ることを特徴とする展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法。
A container body that has shape retention and can be filled with a certain amount of medium by arranging an opening on the upper surface, and polymethylpentene that covers the upper surface of the container body and has extensibility, oxygen permeability, and translucency. Using a cultivation container provided with a sex film body and a fixing means for fixing the film body to the container body,
a) The sterilization / filling step of the medium in which the sterilized medium is filled in the container body, or the container body is sterilized after the medium is filled.
b) An inoculation step of spraying the inoculum on the surface of the medium, covering the container body with a film, and firmly fixing the container with a fixing means.
c) In the first step of hyphal culture in which the inoculated hyphae spread in the medium in an oxygen-permeable and translucent environment,
d) When primordium formation is initiated by the spread of hyphae and the medium is uplifted by the formation of hyphal masses, the extensible polymethylpentene film follows the uplift and hinders the increase in mycelium mass. The late step of mycelial culture that promotes the formation of primordium without
e) After the formation of the primordium is completed, the fruiting body growth process that promotes the growth of fruiting bodies with the film body removed from the container body,
f) Collection process for collecting mature fruiting bodies and
A method of cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film, which is characterized by being composed of.
培地の殺菌・充填工程を、培地を容器上面に摺り切りの平坦状とするか、或いは少なくとも容器天端から20mm以内の高さに充填したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法。 The extensible film according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization / filling step of the medium is performed by flattening the medium on the upper surface of the container or filling the medium at a height of at least 20 mm from the top of the container. How to grow mushrooms by. ポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体が、120℃以上の耐熱性を備えたものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法 The method for cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymethylpentene film body has heat resistance of 120 ° C. or higher. ポリメチルペンテン性フィルム体が、キノコとの癒着性のないものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法 The method for cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polymethylpentene film body does not adhere to mushrooms.
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