JP7074334B2 - Mushroom cultivation method using ductile film - Google Patents

Mushroom cultivation method using ductile film Download PDF

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JP7074334B2
JP7074334B2 JP2018120634A JP2018120634A JP7074334B2 JP 7074334 B2 JP7074334 B2 JP 7074334B2 JP 2018120634 A JP2018120634 A JP 2018120634A JP 2018120634 A JP2018120634 A JP 2018120634A JP 7074334 B2 JP7074334 B2 JP 7074334B2
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信 高橋
隆弘 山内
宗之 大前
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株式会社北研
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本発明は、酸素透過性を要しないが展伸性及び透光性を備えたフィルム体を活用し、きのこの成長段階に合わせた雑菌の侵入阻止と空気の供給及び正常な原基形成を促すことができ、効率的で且つ経済性に富んだキノコ栽培方法を提供するものである。 The present invention utilizes a film body that does not require oxygen permeability but has extensibility and translucency, and promotes prevention of invasion of various germs, air supply, and normal primordium formation according to the growth stage of mushrooms. It is possible to provide an efficient and economical mushroom cultivation method.

キノコの栽培法には、大別して、培地を蓋の閉まった瓶に詰めて栽培する方法(瓶栽培)と、培地をポリエチレン製等の袋に入れて栽培する方法(袋栽培)が知られている。
瓶栽培にあっては、栽培室の棚に瓶を重ねて積むか又は棚の高さを短寸とすることができる等して、室内に密度を高めて効率良く収納することができるが、他方では、硬質のキャップで閉められるので、培地の隆起が押しつぶされてキノコの原基形成が阻害され、又、キャップを外す際にキャップ素材とキノコとが癒着し、キノコを損傷させてしまう等の発生上の欠点を有している。
一方、袋栽培にあっては、上部に原基形成及び子実体の成長を促す空間を設けることができ、良好な発生条件を備えるが、他方では、その袋の上部に配する発生用の空間が室内への収納を邪魔してしまい、収納密度に欠ける等の欠点を有している。
Mushroom cultivation methods are roughly divided into a method of cultivating a medium in a bottle with a closed lid (bottle cultivation) and a method of cultivating the medium in a bag made of polyethylene or the like (bag cultivation). There is.
In bottle cultivation, bottles can be stacked on the shelves in the cultivation room or the height of the shelves can be shortened so that the density can be increased and stored efficiently. On the other hand, since it is closed with a hard cap, the uplift of the medium is crushed and the formation of the mushroom primordium is hindered, and when the cap is removed, the cap material and the mushroom adhere to each other, damaging the mushroom. Has a drawback in the generation of.
On the other hand, in bag cultivation, a space for promoting primordium formation and fruiting body growth can be provided in the upper part, which provides good generation conditions, but on the other hand, a space for generation is arranged in the upper part of the bag. However, it interferes with storage in the room and has drawbacks such as lack of storage density.

又、瓶栽培及び袋栽培のいずれにあっても、原基形成や子実体の生育等に必要とされる空気を取り入れるために、瓶体と蓋体との間に隙間を形成したり、不織布製の通気フィルターを装着したりしているが、どちらも発生面に対する空気供給量が不均一となりがちで、キノコの発生部位に偏りを生む一因となっている。 In addition, in both bottle cultivation and bag cultivation, a gap is formed between the bottle body and the lid body in order to take in the air required for the formation of the primordium and the growth of fruiting bodies, and the non-woven fabric is used. Although it is equipped with a ventilation filter made of a product, the amount of air supplied to the generation surface tends to be uneven, which is one of the causes of bias in the mushroom generation site.

更に、キノコの原基形成には光の照射が必要とされるが、一般的には半透明の素材を用いているため素材通過後の照度は83%程度に減少するものとなり、原基形成の遅れを招き、培養期間短縮の妨げとなっている。 Furthermore, although light irradiation is required to form the primordium of mushrooms, since a translucent material is generally used, the illuminance after passing through the material is reduced to about 83%, and the primordium is formed. This causes a delay in the culture period and hinders the shortening of the culture period.

尚、キノコ栽培培地に対する菌糸塊の生成に対する技術として特許文献1が存する。しかし、これは製造時又は保存時に菌糸塊が生成し難い栽培用培地に接種する方法に関するものであって、菌糸塊の生育を阻害しない本発明とは趣旨を異にするものである。 Patent Document 1 exists as a technique for producing a hyphal mass with respect to a mushroom cultivation medium. However, this relates to a method of inoculating a cultivation medium in which a hyphal mass is unlikely to be generated at the time of production or storage, and is different from the present invention in which the growth of the hyphal mass is not inhibited.

特開2006-280371号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-280371

本発明は、上記実情に鑑みてなされたもので、酸素透過性を要しないが展伸性及び透光性を備えたフィルム体を活用することで、きのこの成長段階に合わせた雑菌の侵入阻止と空気の供給及び正常な原基形成を促すことができ、且つ、栽培室空間を効率的に活用した高い収納密度と良好なキノコの発生条件が確保することで、効率的で且つ経済性に富んだキノコ栽培方法を提供するものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by utilizing a film body that does not require oxygen permeability but has extensibility and translucency, it prevents the invasion of various germs according to the growth stage of mushrooms. Efficient and economical by ensuring high storage density and good mushroom generation conditions that can promote air supply and normal primordium formation, and efficiently utilize the cultivation room space. It provides a rich mushroom cultivation method.

上記課題を解決するために、請求項1記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法は、保形性を備え上面に開口部を配して一定量の培地が充填可能な容器本体と、該容器本体の上面を被覆する酸素透過性を要しないが展伸性及び透光性を備えたフィルム体と、該フィルム体を容器本体に固定する固着手段とを備えた栽培容器を用い、a)該容器本体と充填した殺菌処理後の培地との間に、0.2~1.0ml/cmの空気が貯留可能な空間を形成した菌床を形作った菌床形成工程と、b)該菌床表面に種菌を散布すると共に、容器本体をフィルム体で被覆して固着手段で密着固定させる種菌接種工程と、c)透光性の環境下で接種した菌糸を菌床に蔓延させた後、該フィルム体に空気の流入を促す複数の孔を穿設する菌糸培養前期工程と、d)菌糸蔓延によって原基形成が開始され且つ菌糸塊の形成により菌床が隆起する場合に、その隆起に展伸性のフィルム体が追随して菌糸体量の増加を妨害することなく原基形成を促す菌糸培養後期工程と、e)原基形成が完了したら、容器本体からフィルム体を外した状態で子実体の成長を促す子実体生育工程と、f)成熟した子実体を採取する採取工程と、から成ることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the method for cultivating mushrooms using the extensible film according to claim 1 includes a container body having shape-retaining properties and having an opening on the upper surface so that a certain amount of medium can be filled. Using a cultivation container provided with a film body that does not require oxygen permeability to cover the upper surface of the container body but has extensibility and translucency, and a fixing means for fixing the film body to the container body, a). The mycelial bed forming step of forming a mycelial bed in which a space capable of storing 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3 of air was formed between the container body and the filled medium after the sterilization treatment, and b) the said. After spraying the inoculum on the surface of the fungus bed, covering the container body with a film and fixing it in close contact with the fixing means, and c) spreading the hyphae inoculated in a translucent environment on the mycelium. In the first stage of hyphal culture in which multiple holes that promote the inflow of air are formed in the film body, and d) when the hyphal infestation initiates the formation of a progenitor and the formation of a mycelial mass raises the mycelial bed, the uplift is performed. The late step of mycelial culture, in which the extensible film body follows and promotes the formation of the hyphae without hindering the increase in the amount of the mycelium, and e) the state in which the film body is removed from the container body after the formation of the mycelium is completed. It is characterized by consisting of a fruiting body growth step that promotes the growth of the fruiting body and a collection step that collects the mature child body.

請求項1記載の栽培方法にあっては、菌糸培養前期工程において容器内に雑菌の侵入を許すと菌糸の成長が阻害されてしまう危険があるところ、本発明にあっては、容器本体をフィルム体で被覆して密着固定させる手段を採るので、少しの雑菌の侵入も許さず、その弊害を皆無なものとすることができる。
一方、このフィルム体の被覆によって雑菌の侵入をできるが、その素材を酸素透過性を必要としないフィルム体で形成する本発明にあっては、もしこの酸素透過性のないイルムで容器本体を被覆すると、容器内への空気の流入が阻止され、そのままでは酸素不足により菌糸の蔓延が阻害される虞が生じる。しかし、本発明にあっては容器内に形成される菌床を、容器本体と充填した殺菌処理後の培地との間に0.2~1.0ml/cm(培地体積当たりの空間容積)の空気が貯留可能な空間を形成したものとすることにより、栄養成長を旨とする菌糸の蔓延にとって必要最低限の酸素が供給され、支障のない菌糸蔓延を促すことができる。
このとき、フィルム体は、酸素透過性を必要としないが展伸性及び透光性を備えたフィルム体とすることができるから、比較的安価なフィルム体を使用でき、経済的に優れたものとなる。
In the cultivation method according to claim 1, there is a risk that the growth of hyphae is inhibited if the invasion of various germs into the container is allowed in the early step of hyphal culture. In the present invention, the container body is made of a film. Since a means of covering with the body and firmly fixing the cells is adopted, it is possible to prevent the invasion of any germs and eliminate the harmful effects.
On the other hand, although germs can invade by coating this film body, in the present invention in which the material is formed of a film body that does not require oxygen permeability, if the container body is covered with this oxygen-impermeable ilme. Then, the inflow of air into the container is blocked, and if it is left as it is, there is a risk that the spread of hyphae may be hindered due to lack of oxygen. However, in the present invention, the mycelial bed formed in the container is placed between the container body and the filled medium after the sterilization treatment at 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3 (space volume per medium volume). By forming a space in which the air can be stored, the minimum amount of oxygen necessary for the spread of hyphae for vegetative growth is supplied, and it is possible to promote the spread of hyphae without any trouble.
At this time, since the film body does not require oxygen permeability but can be a film body having malleability and translucency, a relatively inexpensive film body can be used, which is economically excellent. It becomes.

次いで、その菌糸蔓延後に原基の形成が開始されると、ここには、透光性の下、より多くの酸素が必要とされるが、上記の如くフィルム体を酸素透過性のない素材で構成すると、酸素不足となる虞がある。
しかし、この菌糸の蔓延が進む段階に至ると、菌床には雑菌に対してある種の抵抗性が芽生え、雑菌に対する耐性が備えられるものとなるので、このタイミングを捉えて、菌床に菌糸が蔓延した後に、容器を覆うフィルム体に複数の孔を穿設すると、その孔から周囲の空気の容器内へ流入を促すことができる。すると、原基形成の開始とともに生殖成長へと変わった菌床に、十分な光投与の下、酸素の供給が始まり、同時に、空気流入に伴って雑菌侵入の虞が生じても、これに対する耐性の備えられた菌床は雑菌に抵抗性を発揮し、懸念される弊害を最小限に抑えることができる。結果、子実体の発生に向かっての原基形成を滞りなく進行させることができる。
Then, when the formation of the primordium is started after the hyphal spread, more oxygen is required here under translucency, but as described above, the film body is made of a non-oxygen permeable material. If configured, there is a risk of oxygen deficiency.
However, when the epidemic of this mycelium progresses, a certain resistance to various germs develops in the mycelial bed, and resistance to various germs is provided. If a plurality of holes are formed in the film body covering the container after the hyphae have spread, it is possible to promote the inflow of the surrounding air into the container through the holes. Then, oxygen supply to the bacterial bed, which changed to reproductive growth with the start of primordium formation, started under sufficient light administration, and at the same time, even if there was a risk of invasion of germs due to air inflow, resistance to this. The fungus bed provided with is resistant to germs and can minimize the harmful effects of concern. As a result, the formation of the primordium toward the development of fruiting bodies can proceed smoothly.

つつがなく原基形成が促され成長が継続されると、菌床表面には菌糸塊が生まれ、菌床が隆起する場合が多いが、この隆起を放置すると、容器の蓋を固形性のもので覆った場合には、原基形成が妨害される虞がある。しかし、容器本体の上面を展伸性を備えたフィルム体で覆うので、菌床の隆起に追随してフィルム体を伸長させることができ、菌糸塊を抑えてしまい菌糸体量の増加を妨害するという弊を回避することができる。 When the formation of primordium is promoted without any trouble and the growth is continued, a mass of hyphae is formed on the surface of the mycelial bed, and the mycelial bed is often raised. In that case, the formation of the primordium may be hindered. However, since the upper surface of the container body is covered with a film body having malleability, the film body can be stretched following the uplift of the mycelium, suppressing the mycelial mass and hindering the increase in the amount of mycelium. It is possible to avoid the problem.

菌糸が充分に増量され、菌床表面に褐色化が見られる等して原基形成が完了する段階となったら、フィルム体を容器本体から外して、発生室におき、子実体の生育を促すことができる。 When the hyphae are sufficiently increased and the surface of the fungus bed is browned and the formation of the primordium is completed, the film body is removed from the container body and placed in the development chamber to promote the growth of fruiting bodies. be able to.

充分な菌糸体の増量の下に原基形成が促され、且つ、適正な環境下で成長した子実体は適切な大きさと数を確保することができるものとなり、これを採取して優れたキノコを得ることができる。 Primordium formation is promoted under a sufficient increase in mycelium, and fruiting bodies grown in an appropriate environment can secure an appropriate size and number, and excellent mushrooms can be collected. Can be obtained.

その際、本発明に使用する栽培容器によれば、栽培室の棚に重ねて積むか又は棚の高さを短寸とすることができ、栽培室内に多くの数を設置して収納密度を高めることができ、高い収納密度と良好なキノコの発生条件の確保という双方の要求を両立させることができるものとなる。 At that time, according to the cultivation container used in the present invention, it can be stacked on the shelves of the cultivation room or the height of the shelves can be shortened, and a large number of them can be installed in the cultivation room to increase the storage density. It can be increased, and both requirements of high storage density and ensuring good mushroom generation conditions can be achieved at the same time.

請求項2記載の栽培法にあっては、菌床形成工程で菌床内に接種穴を形成するので、種菌接種工程において菌床表面に種菌を散布する際に、菌床奥部となる穴の底部付近にまで種菌を行き渡らせることができ、その後の菌糸蔓延、原基形成、子実体の生育等を経て、菌床全体を均一的に活用して効率的なものとし、且つ、短期の栽培を促すものとなる。 In the cultivation method according to claim 2, since an inoculation hole is formed in the fungus bed in the fungus bed forming step, a hole that becomes the inner part of the fungus bed when the inoculum is sprayed on the inoculum surface in the inoculum inoculation step. The inoculum can be spread to the vicinity of the bottom of the inoculum, and after the subsequent hyphal spread, primordium formation, fruiting body growth, etc., the entire fungal bed is uniformly utilized to make it efficient and short-term. It encourages cultivation.

請求項3記載の栽培法にあっては、菌床形成工程にあって菌床を12.5~800mmの木材チップで形成することで、チップの間隙に空気の貯留空間を確保でき、菌床の形成が簡潔で、且つ、均一的なものとなる。 In the cultivation method according to claim 3, by forming the fungus bed with wood chips of 12.5 to 800 mm 3 in the fungus bed forming step, an air storage space can be secured in the gap between the chips, and the fungus can be secured. The formation of the floor is simple and uniform.

請求項4の栽培法にあっては、フィルム体を平滑状としてキノコとの癒着性のないものとすることで、子実体の成長時期等にあってキノコに損傷を与える虞が解消される。 In the cultivation method of claim 4, by making the film smooth and non-adhesive to mushrooms, the possibility of damaging mushrooms at the time of fruiting body growth or the like is eliminated.

請求項5の栽培法にあっては、容器本体の上部に照明具を配することで、充分な光照射の下で原基形成を促すことができる。 In the cultivation method of claim 5, by arranging a lighting tool on the upper part of the container body, it is possible to promote the formation of a primordium under sufficient light irradiation.

本発明栽培容器を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the cultivation container of this invention. 本発明の各工程の流れを示すチャート図である。It is a chart diagram which shows the flow of each process of this invention. 本発明の各工程の模式的断面図である。It is a schematic sectional view of each process of this invention. 本発明栽培容器を用いて栽培する状態を示す断面図で、(A)が重ね積みた場合、(B)が棚に載置した場合を示す。It is sectional drawing which shows the state of cultivating using the cultivation container of this invention, and shows the case where (A) is stacked, and (B) is placed on a shelf. 本発明の別の態様を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of this invention. 本発明の別の態様を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of this invention. 本発明の別の態様を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other aspect of this invention. 接種穴を平面からみた写真図である。It is a photograph figure which looked at the inoculation hole from the plane. 子実体が成熟した段階の写真図である。It is a photograph figure at the stage when the fruiting body has matured. 従来の栽培容器を示す模式的斜視図で、(イ)が瓶栽培、(ロ)が袋栽培の場合を示す。In a schematic perspective view showing a conventional cultivation container, (a) shows a case of bottle cultivation and (b) shows a case of bag cultivation.

本発明に適用可能なキノコは、シイタケ、ナメコ、ブナシメジ、エノキタケ、エリンギ等の容器栽培の可能なキノコが対象となる。
菌床3を構成する培地には、広葉樹のオガコ、コーンコブ、綿実カス、針葉樹等が適用できる。
Mushrooms applicable to the present invention include mushrooms that can be cultivated in containers such as shiitake mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, beech mushrooms, enokitake mushrooms, and king trumpet mushrooms.
As the medium constituting the fungus bed 3, broad-leaved ogako, corn hump, cotton dregs, coniferous trees and the like can be applied.

図1に示す如く、本発明栽培容器1には、保形性を備え一定量の培地が充填可能な容器本体2を用いる。
保形性とは、変形の虞ある袋体を除く意であり、図4に示す如く、脚2aをつけた場合に積み重ね可能な硬質さを備えた素材を指し、例えば、ポリプロピレン等のプラスチックが挙げられる。
この容器1は、栽培容器として機能するもので、上記一定容積の培地を充填可能とすると共に、後述する接種、菌糸の蔓延、原基形成等に必要なよう上部に開口部を設けたものとする。
As shown in FIG. 1, as the cultivation container 1 of the present invention, a container body 2 having a shape-retaining property and capable of being filled with a certain amount of a medium is used.
The shape-retaining property means to exclude a bag body that may be deformed, and as shown in FIG. 4, refers to a material having hardness that can be stacked when a leg 2a is attached, for example, a plastic such as polypropylene. Can be mentioned.
This container 1 functions as a cultivation container, and can be filled with the above-mentioned constant volume of medium, and has an opening at the top so as to be necessary for inoculation, hyphal spread, primordium formation, etc., which will be described later. do.

次いで、本発明にあっては、該容器本体2の上部を、酸素透過性を要しないが展伸性及び透光性を備えたフィルム体4で被覆する。
ここで、酸素透過性を要しないフィルム体とは、酸素透過性を備えるという特性を敢えて必要とすることなく、一般的に非通気性といわれるフィルムであっても使用可能であることを意味する。実質的には、非通気性の比較的安価なフィルムが使用可能であることの意である。
又、展伸性とは、後述する菌糸塊の発生による菌床3の隆起3aに対して追随して延伸し得る性能をいう。隆起3aはときに1.5cm程度となるが、通常1.0cm未満であり、この範囲に追随できる展伸性を備えたものとする。
透光性とは、上記と同様菌糸の蔓延及び原基の形成に必要な光を、自然光又は照明具6等から採光可能とする性能をいう。
この酸素透過性を要しないが展伸性及び透光性を備えたフィルム体4としては、塩化ビニール製フィルム、ポリエチレン製フィルム等を挙げることができる。
例えば、日立ラップ(日立化成(株)・商標名)を使用でき、該フィルムは、厚み約8μmで、引張り試験において伸び率がMD方向(フィルムの引き出し方向)に約200%、TD方向(フィルムの幅方向)に約300%を示している。耐熱性が測定方法(東京都消費生活条例の品質表示実施要領)に基づいて130℃の値を示し、透光度が光線透過率98%以上の透明性のラップフィルム体である。
Next, in the present invention, the upper part of the container body 2 is covered with a film body 4 which does not require oxygen permeability but has malleability and translucency.
Here, the film body that does not require oxygen permeability means that even a film generally referred to as non-breathable can be used without intentionally requiring the property of having oxygen permeability. .. In essence, it means that a non-breathable, relatively inexpensive film can be used.
Further, the malleability refers to the ability to follow and stretch the uplift 3a of the mycelial bed 3 due to the generation of hyphal mass described later. The ridge 3a is sometimes about 1.5 cm, but is usually less than 1.0 cm, and is assumed to have malleability that can follow this range.
Translucency refers to the ability to collect light necessary for the spread of hyphae and the formation of primordium from natural light or a luminaire 6 or the like as described above.
Examples of the film body 4 which does not require oxygen permeability but has malleability and translucency include a vinyl chloride film and a polyethylene film.
For example, Hitachi Wrap (Hitachi Kasei Co., Ltd., trade name) can be used, and the film has a thickness of about 8 μm, an elongation rate of about 200% in the MD direction (film pull-out direction), and a TD direction (film) in a tensile test. Approximately 300% is shown in the width direction of. It is a transparent wrap film with a heat resistance of 130 ° C. based on the measurement method (Quality Labeling Implementation Guidelines of the Tokyo Metropolitan Consumer Affairs Ordinance) and a light transmittance of 98% or more.

そして、前記フィルム体4には、これを容器本体2に固定する固着手段5を設ける。具体的には、一つ目に、容器本体2の上外縁部を平滑面に形成し、該外縁部にフィルム体を密着させた際、真空密着作用によりフィルム体4が容器本体2に固定される手段がある。二つ目に、容器本体2の上縁部にフィルム体4を被せ、そこをゴム紐又はテープ、糸紐等で縛着する手段がある。三つ目には、バネ体を介して上縁部付近を締め付け可能な器具等を挙げることができる。
いずれにあっても、上記フィルム体4に後述する菌糸塊による隆起作用が加わったとき、該フィルム体4が容器本体2から外れることなく、その密着性を保つ固着性があれば良い。
Then, the film body 4 is provided with a fixing means 5 for fixing the film body 4 to the container body 2. Specifically, first, when the upper outer edge portion of the container body 2 is formed on a smooth surface and the film body is brought into close contact with the outer edge portion, the film body 4 is fixed to the container body 2 by the vacuum adhesion action. There is a way to do it. Secondly, there is a means of covering the upper edge of the container body 2 with the film body 4 and binding the film body 4 with a rubber string, a tape, a thread string or the like. Thirdly, there can be an instrument or the like that can tighten the vicinity of the upper edge portion via the spring body.
In any case, when the film body 4 is subjected to the uplifting action due to the hyphal mass described later, it is sufficient that the film body 4 does not come off from the container body 2 and has a stickiness to maintain its adhesion.

本発明にあっては、斯かる栽培容器1を用いて、図2に示す如く、菌床形成工程、種菌接種工程、菌糸培養前期工程、菌糸培養後期工程、子実体生育工程、採取工程を施すものとする。 In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the cultivation container 1 is used to perform a mycelial bed forming step, an inoculum inoculation step, a mycelial culture early step, a mycelial culture late step, a fruiting body growth step, and a collection step. It shall be.

殺菌処理した培地を容器本体2に充填するには2つの方法があり、一つは、培地全体を蒸気滅菌する。二つ目には、培地を容器本体2に充填し、一旦縁部にフィルム体4を装着した後に、殺菌処理する方法がある。具体的には、培地を充填した容器本体2の縁部をフィルム体4で覆い、120℃60分間の蒸気殺菌をする。
いずれが良いかは個別に判断するが、比較的規模が大きな場合には、前者が好適であり、規模の小さな場合には後者が適したものとなる。
There are two methods for filling the container body 2 with the sterilized medium, one of which is steam sterilization of the entire medium. The second method is to fill the container body 2 with a medium, attach the film body 4 to the edge once, and then sterilize the container body 2. Specifically, the edge of the container body 2 filled with the medium is covered with the film body 4, and steam sterilization is performed at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
Which is better is determined individually, but when the scale is relatively large, the former is suitable, and when the scale is small, the latter is suitable.

該殺菌した培地を充填して菌床3を形成すべき工程にあっては、容器本体2と充填した培地との間に、0.2~1.0ml/cm(培地体積当たりの空間容積)の空気が貯留可能な空間を形成した菌床3を形成するものとする。
この0.2~1.0ml/cm(培地体積当たりの空間容積)とした理由は、以下の如くである。
先ず、穴の総容積を(A)、培地とフィルム体との間の上部空間の容積量を(B)、容器本体の体積を(C)、培地の体積を(D)としたとき、それぞれについて次の条件を設定した。
(a)条件:最小値の設定にあたって、サイズ直径2.5cm、深さ3cmの穴を35個穿設するとその総容積(A)は515mlとなり、培地とフィルム体との間に0.5cmの間隔を保つとその上部空間容積(B)は1350mlとなり、容器本体のサイズを縦60cm、横45cm、高さ5cm(内寸4cm)としたとき、体積(C)は10800cmとなる。培地体積(D)は、容器体積から穴の総量と上部空間との和を差し引いた値となり、(D)=(C)-(A+B)=10800-(515+1350)=8935cmとなる。
上記(A)、(B)、(C)、(D)に基づいて、容器体積当たりに占める貯留空間容積の割合は空間総量/容器体積となる。この値を算出すると、空間総量/容器体積=(A+B)/D=(515+1350)ml/8935cm=0.208ml/cm≒0.2ml/cmとなる。
従って、この場合の培地体積当たりの貯留空間容積は0.2ml/cmとなる。
(b)条件:次いで、最大値の設定にあたって、サイズ直径2.5cm、深さ1.64cmの穴を35個穿設するとその総容積(A)は281.6mlとなり、培地とフィルム体との間に1.9cmの間隔を保つとその上部空間容積(B)は5130mlとなり、容器体のサイズを縦60cm、横45cm、高さ5cm(内寸4cm)としたとき、体積(C)は10800cmとなる。培地体積(D)=(C)-(A+B)=10800-(281.6+5130)=5388.4cmとなる。
(A)、(B)、(C)、(D)に基づいて、容器体積当たりに占める貯留空間容積の割合を算出すると、空間総量/容器体積=(A+B)/D=(281.6+5130)ml/5388.4cm=1.004ml/cm≒1.0ml/cmとなる。
従って、この場合の培地体積当たりの貯留空間容積は1.0ml/cmとなる。
In the step of filling the sterilized medium to form the bacterial bed 3, 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3 (space volume per medium volume) between the container body 2 and the filled medium. ) Shall form a culture medium 3 that forms a space in which the air can be stored.
The reason for setting this 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3 (space volume per medium volume) is as follows.
First, when the total volume of the holes is (A), the volume of the upper space between the medium and the film is (B), the volume of the container body is (C), and the volume of the medium is (D), respectively. The following conditions were set for.
(A) Condition: When setting the minimum value, if 35 holes having a size diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 3 cm are drilled, the total volume (A) becomes 515 ml, and 0.5 cm between the medium and the film body. When the space is maintained, the upper space volume (B) becomes 1350 ml, and when the size of the container body is 60 cm in length, 45 cm in width, and 5 cm in height (inner dimension 4 cm), the volume (C) becomes 10800 cm 3 . The medium volume (D) is a value obtained by subtracting the sum of the total amount of holes and the upper space from the container volume, and is (D) = (C)-(A + B) = 10800- (515 + 1350) = 8935 cm 3 .
Based on the above (A), (B), (C), and (D), the ratio of the storage space volume to the container volume is the total space volume / container volume. When this value is calculated, the total amount of space / container volume = (A + B) / D = (515 + 1350) ml / 8935 cm 3 = 0.208 ml / cm 3 ≈ 0.2 ml / cm 3 .
Therefore, the storage space volume per medium volume in this case is 0.2 ml / cm 3 .
(B) Condition: Next, in setting the maximum value, when 35 holes having a size diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 1.64 cm are drilled, the total volume (A) becomes 281.6 ml, and the medium and the film body are used. If an interval of 1.9 cm is maintained between them, the upper space volume (B) becomes 5130 ml, and when the size of the container is 60 cm in length, 45 cm in width and 5 cm in height (inner dimension 4 cm), the volume (C) is 10800 cm. It becomes 3 . The medium volume (D) = (C)-(A + B) = 10800- (281.6 + 5130) = 5388.4 cm 3 .
When the ratio of the storage space volume to the container volume is calculated based on (A), (B), (C), and (D), the total space volume / container volume = (A + B) / D = (281.6 + 5130). ml / 5388.4 cm 3 = 1.004 ml / cm 3 ≈ 1.0 ml / cm 3 .
Therefore, the storage space volume per medium volume in this case is 1.0 ml / cm 3 .

上記条件(a)、(b)に加え、比較対象区として、穴を形成せずに上部空間のみで0.1ml/cmとしたもの(条件c)と、逆に穴と上部空間を大きくとって10.0ml/cmとしたもの(条件d)の4つ条件を設定した。
この4つのタイプについて、シイタケ子実体の発生試験を行った。
栽培条件:対象をシイタケとし、広葉樹オガコに栄養体としてフスマを10wt%添加・混合し、加水して62wt%の水分量に調整した。650×450×40mm(内寸)の箱型ポリプロピレン製容器本体に培地を充填し、120℃・60分間の蒸気殺菌を行い、培地冷却後に種菌を散布し、日立ラップで被覆した。培養温度20℃、湿度RH80~90%、培養期間60日、照明を作業中は室内点灯、培地表面付近で200~300Lux、0.5~4時間/日とした。20日目にフィルムに直径約1mmの孔100個をあけた。発芽処理は、温度15℃湿度RH80~90%の発生室へ移動後、フィルムを除去して浸水を24時間行い、発芽処理後10日目に収穫した。
In addition to the above conditions (a) and (b), as a comparison target section, 0.1 ml / cm 3 is set only in the upper space without forming a hole (condition c), and conversely, the hole and the upper space are made larger. Four conditions were set, that is, 10.0 ml / cm 3 (condition d).
Developmental tests of shiitake fruiting bodies were conducted for these four types.
Cultivation conditions: The subject was shiitake mushrooms, and 10 wt% of fusuma was added and mixed as a nutrient to the broad-leaved ogako, and water was added to adjust the water content to 62 wt%. A box-shaped polypropylene container body having a size of 650 × 450 × 40 mm (inner size) was filled with a medium, steam sterilized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, and after cooling the medium, the inoculum was sprayed and covered with Hitachi wrap. The culture temperature was 20 ° C., the humidity was RH 80 to 90%, the culture period was 60 days, the lighting was indoors during work, 200 to 300 Lux near the surface of the medium, and 0.5 to 4 hours / day. On the 20th day, 100 holes having a diameter of about 1 mm were made in the film. In the germination treatment, the film was moved to a generation chamber having a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of RH 80 to 90%, the film was removed, and water immersion was performed for 24 hours, and the plants were harvested on the 10th day after the germination treatment.

その結果を示すと表1の通りであった。

Figure 0007074334000001
The results are shown in Table 1.
Figure 0007074334000001

上記表に基づけば、条件(c)の0.1ml/cmの空間形成にあっては、しいたけ子実体の発生個数が培地1kg重当たり1.1個、重さ39.6gと極めて低い発生個数となった。又、条件(d)の10.0ml/cmの空間形成にあっては、しいたけ子実体の発生個数が培地1kg重当たり1.5個、重さ37.2gとなり、再び低い発生個数となることを示した。
これに対し、条件(a)の0.2ml/cmにあっては、しいたけ子実体の発生個数が培地1kg重当たり7.5個、重さ219.1gと多数の発生個数及び重量となり、同様に条件(b)の1.0ml/cmにおいても、しいたけ子実体の発生個数が培地1kg重当たり13.4個、重さ209.2gと多数の発生個数及び重量となり、ともに高い発生個数及び重量の良好な結果が得られた。
これらから、0.2~1.0ml/cm(培地体積当たりの空間容積)の範囲において良好なしいたけ子実体の生育が得られることが実証された。
この結果、本発明における培地体積当たりの空間容積を0.2~1.0ml/cm
と設定したものである。
Based on the above table, in the space formation of 0.1 ml / cm 3 under the condition (c), the number of shiitake fruiting bodies generated is 1.1 per 1 kg of medium and the weight is 39.6 g, which is extremely low. It became the number. Further, in the space formation of 10.0 ml / cm 3 under the condition (d), the number of shiitake fruiting bodies generated is 1.5 per 1 kg of medium and the weight is 37.2 g, which is a low number again. I showed that.
On the other hand, under the condition (a) of 0.2 ml / cm 3 , the number of shitakeko bodies generated was 7.5 per 1 kg of medium and the weight was 219.1 g, which was a large number and weight. Similarly, even under the condition (b) of 1.0 ml / cm 3 , the number of sardine bodies generated was 13.4 per kg of medium and the weight was 209.2 g, which was a large number and weight, both of which were high. And good results in weight were obtained.
From these, it was demonstrated that good growth of shiitake fruiting bodies can be obtained in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3 (space volume per medium volume).
As a result, the space volume per medium volume in the present invention is 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3
It is set as.

この結果の理由を推察するに、先ず、0.2ml/cm未満となる条件(c)では、菌糸蔓延に対する充分な酸素が得られず生育が不良となることがある程度予想されるが、逆に1.0ml/cm以上となる条件(d)においても成長が満足に得られない結果となった。
これは、きのこの成長段階には栄養成長から生殖成長へと切り替わる段階があり、この段階において過剰な酸素が存在すると、却って切り換えに適切な刺激が与えられず、成長不良に繋がることが予想される。
これに対し、0.2~1.0ml/cmの範囲となる条件(a)、(b)にあっては、菌床に形成した空気の貯留空間から適切量の酸素が供給され、菌糸蔓延に必要な栄養が与えたれると共に栄養成長から生殖成長への切り換えが円滑に行われ、その後の原基形成や菌糸塊隆起等が円滑に行われ良好なきのこ成長へと繋がるものと考えられる。同時に、この貯留空間の形成は、培地と空間を境にして、比較的水分を保持した内側の培地と蒸散により水分の減じた外側の培地という性格の異なる2つの層が形成される場合があり、その水分の濃度落差が上記切り換えへの刺激となることも要因の一つになるものと推察される。
To infer the reason for this result, first, under the condition (c) of less than 0.2 ml / cm 3 , it is expected that sufficient oxygen for the hyphal spread will not be obtained and the growth will be poor to some extent. The result was that the growth was not satisfactory even under the condition (d) of 1.0 ml / cm 3 or more.
This is because there is a stage in the growth stage of mushrooms that switches from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and if excess oxygen is present at this stage, it is expected that proper stimulation will not be given to the switch, leading to poor growth. To.
On the other hand, under the conditions (a) and (b) in the range of 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3 , an appropriate amount of oxygen is supplied from the air storage space formed in the fungal bed, and the hyphae are supplied. It is considered that the nutrients necessary for the spread are provided and the switch from nutritional growth to reproductive growth is smoothly performed, and the subsequent formation of primordium and hyphal mass uplift are smoothly performed, leading to good mushroom growth. .. At the same time, the formation of this storage space may form two layers with different characteristics, the inner medium that retains relatively water and the outer medium that has been reduced in water by transpiration, with the medium and space as the boundary. It is presumed that one of the factors is that the difference in the concentration of water is a stimulus for the above switching.

貯留空間の具体的形成手段として、下記の接種穴型、チップ間隙型、上部空間型、小容器型等の態様を挙げることができる。
<接種穴型>
接種穴型とは、図1に示す如くで、種菌を接種しようとしたとき、その種菌が菌床3の底部に向かって一定深さにまで達する窪みを形成しようとするもので、ここに窪み空間に貯留用の空気を貯留させると共に、種菌接種後から子実体の成熟に至るまでの菌糸蔓延、原基形成等の各工程が菌床3に対して均一で且つ効率的なものを使用しようとするものである。図8に平面から見た写真図を示した。
例えば、菌床上面面積1cmに対して直径2~5cmで深さ2.29cm~5.73cmの穴3a(or窪み)とし、例えば、直径2.0cmの穴3a(窪み)としたとき、40cmに1個程度の割合に、複数個を穿設する。
Specific means for forming the storage space include the following inoculation hole type, tip gap type, upper space type, small container type and the like.
<Inoculation hole type>
The inoculation hole type is as shown in FIG. 1, and when an inoculum is to be inoculated, the inoculum tries to form a depression that reaches a certain depth toward the bottom of the inoculum, and the inoculation is here. Let's store air for storage in the space, and use one in which each process such as hyphal spread and primordium formation from inoculation of inoculum to maturation of fruiting body is uniform and efficient for the fungus bed 3. Is to be. FIG. 8 shows a photographic view seen from a plane.
For example, when a hole 3a (or depression) having a diameter of 2 to 5 cm and a depth of 2.29 cm to 5.73 cm is used for an area of 1 cm 2 on the upper surface of the fungus bed, for example, a hole 3a (dent) having a diameter of 2.0 cm is used. A plurality of holes are bored at a ratio of about 1 in 40 cm 2 .

<チップ間隙型>
チップ間隙型とは、図6に示す如くで、チップ形の木材等を培地とするタイプをいい、チップ形であることからそれらを充填したとき空隙を生じるもので、その大きさは寸法を厚み×長さ×幅で規定したとき、最小で0.5×5×5mm=12.5mmで、最大で2×20×20mm=800mmとなるものが適合し、その結果12.5~800mmの体積を備えるチップが適合範囲となる。
例えば、通常の小さいおが粉は0.5~2mm角程度であるところを、厚さ0.5m~2mm、一辺の長さ5~20mm程度のサイズの大きめな木質チップを主体に配合する。より望ましくは、加水量(培地含水率)を減らして、菌床3の充填圧を低くするものとし、例えば杉、コーンコブ等の比重が小さく気相が多くなる基材とする。その際の木質チップ配合率は菌床容積の50%以上が目安となる。
<Chip gap type>
As shown in FIG. 6, the chip gap type refers to a type in which chip-shaped wood or the like is used as a medium, and since it is a chip-shaped type, voids are generated when they are filled, and the size thereof is the thickness. When specified by × length × width, a minimum of 0.5 × 5 × 5 mm = 12.5 mm 3 and a maximum of 2 × 20 × 20 mm 3 = 800 mm 3 are suitable, and as a result, 12.5 to Chips with a volume of 800 mm 3 are within the applicable range.
For example, a large wood chip having a thickness of 0.5 m to 2 mm and a side length of about 5 to 20 mm is mainly blended in a place where a normal small sardine powder is about 0.5 to 2 mm square. More preferably, the amount of water added (water content of the medium) is reduced to lower the filling pressure of the bacterial bed 3, and the base material is, for example, cedar, corn cob, etc., which has a small specific gravity and a large gas phase. At that time, the blending ratio of wood chips should be 50% or more of the fungal bed volume.

<上部空間型>
蓋との上部空間型とは、図5の如くで、容器本体2に被せた蓋体と培地の上部とで形成される空間を指し、この領域に0.2~1.0ml/cm(培地体積当たりの空間容積)の貯留空間を形成することをいう。
例えば、縦60cm、横45cm、高さ5cm(内寸4cm)の容器本体に培地を厚さ(深さ)2.5cmに充填し、容器本体の上端開口部をフィルム体で覆った形態とする。このとき、培地とフィルム体との距離は1.5cmとなり、0.6ml/cmの貯留空間が形成される。
<Upper space type>
The upper space type with the lid refers to the space formed by the lid covering the container body 2 and the upper part of the medium as shown in FIG. 5, and 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3 (0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3) in this region. It means to form a storage space (space volume per medium volume).
For example, a container body having a length of 60 cm, a width of 45 cm, and a height of 5 cm (inner dimension 4 cm) is filled with a medium to a thickness (depth) of 2.5 cm, and the upper end opening of the container body is covered with a film body. .. At this time, the distance between the medium and the film body is 1.5 cm, and a storage space of 0.6 ml / cm 3 is formed.

<小容器型>
小容器タイプ型とは、図7に示す如くで、比較的大きな容積を持つ容器本体2に対し、小さな容積の容器を用意し、これに培地を充填したものを容器本体2内に敷設し、容器本体と小容器との間に貯留空間を形成するものをいう。
例えば、酸素透過性を備えた素材の紙容器、又は側面に小孔をあけたプラスチック素材の容器を用い、これに培地を充填する。この小容器をより大きな容積をもつ容器本体内に並べ置き、容器本体の開口部をフィルム体4で覆って、密閉状態とする。
容器本体2のサイズを60×45×5(内寸4)cm(10800cm)とし、小容器のサイズを直径7.0cmで高さ3.5cmの円筒形とし、この小容器を48個敷設すると、容器本体2と小容器との間に(10800-6462)cm/6462cm=0.67ml/cm(培地体積当たり)の貯留空間が形成される。
<Small container type>
The small container type is as shown in FIG. 7, in which a container having a small volume is prepared for the container body 2 having a relatively large volume, and a container filled with a medium is laid in the container body 2. A container that forms a storage space between the container body and the small container.
For example, a paper container made of a material having oxygen permeability or a container made of a plastic material having small holes on the side surface is used, and a medium is filled therein. The small containers are arranged side by side in a container body having a larger volume, and the opening of the container body is covered with the film body 4 to make a closed state.
The size of the container body 2 is 60 x 45 x 5 (inner size 4) cm (10800 cm 3 ), the size of the small container is a cylinder with a diameter of 7.0 cm and a height of 3.5 cm, and 48 small containers are laid. Then, a storage space of (10800-6462) cm 3/6462 cm 3 = 0.67 ml / cm 3 ( per medium volume) is formed between the container body 2 and the small container.

容器本体2に上記要件を満たす菌床3が形成されたら、菌床表面に栽培対象となるキノコの種菌を接種する接種工程を行う。
上記菌床形成工程で、フィルム体4を被せた場合には、該フィルム体4を外して接種する。
接種は、通常の種菌の接種と同様で、微粒子の種菌を水との懸濁液とし、噴霧状に降りかける等して行う(図3(b)参照)。
そして、容器本体2をフィルム体4で被覆して固着手段5で密着固定する(図3(c)参照)。
固着手段5は、上記の如く、容器本体2の上外縁部を平滑面に形成するか、ゴム紐又はテープ、糸紐等で縛着する等して、フィルム体4に後述する菌糸塊による隆起作用が加わったとき、該フィルム体4が容器本体2から外れることなく、その密着性を保つものとする。
該フィルム体4の固着は、容器本体2とフィルム体4との間にできる貯留空間への雑菌侵入によるコンタミネーションを防止する為のものである。
即ち、菌糸培養前期工程においては、雑菌の侵入を許すと、コンタミネーションが起こり、菌糸の成長が阻害されてしまう危険がある。
そこで本発明では、容器本体2をフィルム体4で被覆して密着固定させる手段を採り、少しの雑菌の侵入も許さない形態とする。隙間がすべて閉塞され、どんな微細な雑菌の侵入も防いで、その弊害を皆無なものとすることができる。
After the fungus bed 3 satisfying the above requirements is formed on the container main body 2, an inoculation step of inoculating the inoculum of the mushroom to be cultivated on the surface of the fungus bed is performed.
When the film body 4 is covered in the above-mentioned fungus bed forming step, the film body 4 is removed and inoculated.
The inoculation is the same as the inoculation of a normal inoculation, and the inoculation of fine particles is made into a suspension with water and sprayed onto the inoculation (see FIG. 3 (b)).
Then, the container body 2 is covered with the film body 4 and closely fixed by the fixing means 5 (see FIG. 3C).
As described above, the fixing means 5 forms the upper outer edge portion of the container body 2 on a smooth surface, or binds the upper outer edge portion of the container body 2 with a rubber string, a tape, a thread string, or the like, and the film body 4 is raised by a hyphal mass described later. When the action is applied, the film body 4 does not come off from the container body 2 and maintains its adhesion.
The sticking of the film body 4 is for preventing contamination due to the invasion of germs into the storage space formed between the container body 2 and the film body 4.
That is, in the early stage of hyphal culture, if the invasion of various germs is allowed, there is a risk that contamination will occur and the growth of hyphae will be inhibited.
Therefore, in the present invention, a means is adopted in which the container body 2 is covered with the film body 4 and closely fixed, so that the invasion of any germs is not allowed. All the gaps are closed, and the invasion of any minute germs can be prevented, and the harmful effects can be eliminated.

容器本体2をフィルム体4で被覆して密着固定させることは、従来菌床表面から散逸していた蒸気による水分の減少を防ぎ、菌床3に含まれていた水分を保持して、菌糸蔓延に必要な水分確保に役立つ。必要に応じて、必要な水分を密閉前の菌床3に含ませておくことも可能である。 Covering the container body 2 with the film body 4 and firmly fixing the container body 2 prevents the decrease in water content due to the steam that has conventionally dissipated from the surface of the mycelial bed, retains the water content contained in the mycelial bed 3, and spreads the hyphae. Helps to secure the necessary moisture. If necessary, it is also possible to include the necessary water in the fungus bed 3 before sealing.

接種が完了して、一定の培養期間の経過と共に透光性の環境下で接種した菌糸が菌床3に蔓延してゆくが、その菌糸の蔓延がほぼ終了に近づき、次の原基が形成される間にフィルム体4に複数の孔4aを穿設する菌糸培養前期工程が実施される(図3(d)参照)。
即ち、先ず、この菌糸の蔓延には、本来酸素が必要とされるが、本発明にあっては、上記の如く、雑菌の侵入を防ぐため容器本体2をフィルム体4で被覆して密着固定させ、且つ、その素材を酸素透過性を必要としないフィルム体4で被覆すると、容器内への空気の流入が阻止されることから、酸素が不足して、そのままでは菌糸の蔓延が阻害される虞がある。
しかし、本発明にあっては、容器本体2と充填した殺菌処理後の培地との間に0.2~1.0ml/cmの空気が貯留可能な空間の形成された菌床3が設けられるので、蔓延過程にある菌糸は、その貯留空間Sから酸素を吸収し、栄養成長を旨とする菌糸の蔓延にとって必要最低限以上の酸素が供給され、支障のない菌糸蔓延が図られるものとなる。
After the inoculation is completed, the hyphae inoculated in a translucent environment spread to the mycelial bed 3 with the lapse of a certain culture period, but the hyphae spread almost to the end and the next primordium is formed. During this period, a pre-hyphal culture step of inoculating a plurality of holes 4a in the film body 4 is carried out (see FIG. 3D).
That is, first, oxygen is originally required for the spread of the hyphae, but in the present invention, as described above, the container body 2 is covered with the film body 4 and firmly fixed in order to prevent the invasion of various germs. If the material is coated with a film body 4 that does not require oxygen permeability, the inflow of air into the container is blocked, so that oxygen is insufficient and the spread of hyphae is inhibited as it is. There is a risk.
However, in the present invention, a mycelial bed 3 having a space capable of storing 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3 of air is provided between the container body 2 and the filled medium after the sterilization treatment. Therefore, the hyphae in the process of spreading absorb oxygen from the storage space S, and supply more oxygen than necessary for the spread of hyphae for vegetative growth, so that the hyphae can spread without any trouble. Become.

さて、その菌糸の蔓延が終了に近づき、原基の形成される段階に至ったところの菌糸培養前期工程において、フィルム体4に複数の孔4aを穿設する処理を施す。
即ち、上記の如く、菌糸が蔓延していく過程にあって通常では菌床3に雑菌の侵入が懸念されるところ、本発明の栽培容器1には、フィルム体4を容器本体2に密閉状に固定する固着手段5が施されているので、雑菌の侵入が防御され、雑菌汚染による菌糸伸長が阻害されることはない。
ところで、この菌糸の蔓延工程がつつがなく進行し、原基の形成が始まろうとする段階に至ると、その菌床3には菌糸蔓延が進むにつれて雑菌への抵抗性が育まれ、多少の雑菌の侵入に対しては一定の耐性が形成されるものとなる。一方で、菌糸の蔓延に終了とともに原基形成が開始されると、栄養成長から生殖成長へと成長段階が切り替わり、そこには、比較的多くの酸素が必要とされる。
そこで、本発明にあっては、この時期を狙って、フィルム体4に複数の孔4aを穿設する処理を施すものとする。
この意味で、このフィルム体4に孔4aを穿設すべき菌糸培養前期工程とは、原基形成が開始される初期段階を含む意である。更に詳しい穿設のタイミングは、きのこの品種によって異なるものとなるが、概ね培養開始から14~40日の間で、実質的には20~30日が最適となる。
このフィルム体4に複数の孔4aを穿設するとは、容器本体2を覆ったフィルム体4に、直径0.5~2.0mm程度の孔4aを2~7個/100cm間隔程度で穿つことをいう。その手段は、レーザー光(LB)や穿孔針等の物理的手段等の別を問わない。
穿孔された孔4a周囲から空気の流入が図られ、原基形成に必要とされる酸素が充分に供給される体勢が整う。
By the way, in the early step of hyphal culture when the hyphae have reached the stage where the spread of the hyphae is nearing the end and the primordium is formed, the film body 4 is subjected to a treatment of piercing a plurality of holes 4a.
That is, as described above, in the process of spreading hyphae, there is usually a concern about the invasion of various germs into the fungal bed 3, but in the cultivation container 1 of the present invention, the film body 4 is hermetically sealed to the container body 2. Since the fixing means 5 for fixing to is provided, the invasion of various germs is prevented, and the hyphal elongation due to the contamination with various germs is not hindered.
By the way, when the hyphal spread process progresses without a hitch and the formation of the primordium is about to begin, the mycelial bed 3 develops resistance to various germs as the hyphal spread progresses, and some germs invade. A certain degree of resistance is formed against. On the other hand, when the hyphal epidemic ends and primordium formation begins, the growth stage switches from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, which requires a relatively large amount of oxygen.
Therefore, in the present invention, a process of forming a plurality of holes 4a in the film body 4 is performed aiming at this time.
In this sense, the early step of hyphal culture in which the pores 4a should be formed in the film 4 includes the initial stage in which the formation of the primordium is started. The timing of more detailed drilling will differ depending on the mushroom variety, but it is generally optimal between 14 to 40 days from the start of culture, and practically 20 to 30 days.
To drill a plurality of holes 4a in the film body 4 means to drill holes 4a having a diameter of about 0.5 to 2.0 mm in the film body 4 covering the container body 2 at intervals of 2 to 7 holes / 100 cm. Say that. The means may be physical means such as laser light (LB) or a perforation needle.
Air flows in from around the perforated hole 4a, and the posture for supplying sufficient oxygen required for primordium formation is established.

さて、原基形成が開始されると、この原基形成にあっては、上記酸素供給に加えて、光の照射が必要となる。
その理由は、原基形成にあっては、キノコの成長が栄養成長から生殖成長へと切り替わる時期であり、この光の存在によって、刺激が与えられ、成長段階の切り替えの契機となるからである。
しかし、従来、一般的に半透明の素材を用いているため、素材通過後の照度は83%程度に減少し、原基形成の遅れを招き、培養期間短縮の妨げとなっていた。
これに対し、本発明のフィルム体4は、透明体であり、優れた透光性を備えたもので、上記光照射の要求に応え得るものとなる。
Now, when the formation of the primordium is started, in addition to the above oxygen supply, irradiation with light is required for the formation of the primordium.
The reason is that in primordium formation, mushroom growth is the time when vegetative growth is switched to reproductive growth, and the presence of this light stimulates and triggers the switching of growth stages. ..
However, since a translucent material is generally used in the past, the illuminance after passing through the material is reduced to about 83%, which causes a delay in the formation of the primordium and hinders the shortening of the culture period.
On the other hand, the film body 4 of the present invention is a transparent body and has excellent translucency, and can meet the above-mentioned demand for light irradiation.

この光照射の要求に対し、光源とするのは自然光でも良いが、必要に応じて人工照明を施す。
自然光を利用する場合には、容器本体2の上部に自然光が射し込み可能な隙間を確保し、人工照明の場合には、上部にLED等の照明具6を配設する。
In response to this demand for light irradiation, natural light may be used as the light source, but artificial lighting is provided as necessary.
When natural light is used, a gap through which natural light can shine is secured in the upper part of the container body 2, and in the case of artificial lighting, a lighting tool 6 such as an LED is arranged in the upper part.

さて、原基形成が進むと、容器の表面に、図3(e)に示す如く、菌床3が隆起3aする現象が見られることがある。
その理由は、以下の如くに、推察される。
菌床3全体に菌糸が蔓延すると、菌糸は原基形成のための被膜を形成すると共に、菌床3内部の菌糸体量を増加させ、養分蓄積を充実させるため菌床3の上部の方から菌糸塊をつくることがある。つまり、原基を形成する菌糸体量を確保するのに必要な空間が菌床3内だけでは確保できず、形成された菌糸塊が菌床3を膨張させ、菌床表面を隆起3aさせるものと考えられる。
従って、この菌糸塊の形成を抑制してしまうことは、菌糸体量の増加を阻害することになり、適正な原基形成を妨害する結果を招くことになる。
これに対し、本発明フィルム体4は上記の如く、優れた展伸性を示すものである。
従って、菌糸塊の形成により菌床3が隆起3aする場合に、その隆起3aに展伸性のフィルム体4が追随し、菌糸体量の増加を妨害することなく適正な原基形成を促すものとなる。
例えば、ポリ塩化ビニールフィルムとしたときは、充分な展伸性が得られる。
As the formation of the primordium progresses, a phenomenon in which the fungal bed 3 rises 3a may be observed on the surface of the container as shown in FIG. 3 (e).
The reason is inferred as follows.
When the hyphae spread over the entire mycelium 3, the hyphae form a film for primordium formation, increase the amount of mycelium inside the mycelium 3, and enhance the nutrient accumulation from the upper part of the mycelium 3. May form mycelial mass. That is, the space required to secure the amount of mycelium forming the primordium cannot be secured only in the mycelial bed 3, and the formed mycelial mass expands the mycelial bed 3 and causes the mycelial bed surface to rise 3a. it is conceivable that.
Therefore, suppressing the formation of this mycelial mass inhibits the increase in the amount of mycelium, which results in hindering the proper formation of the primordium.
On the other hand, the film body 4 of the present invention exhibits excellent malleability as described above.
Therefore, when the mycelial bed 3 is raised 3a due to the formation of a mycelial mass, the ductile film body 4 follows the raised 3a and promotes proper primordium formation without interfering with the increase in the amount of mycelium. Will be.
For example, when a polyvinyl chloride film is used, sufficient malleability can be obtained.

菌床表面の略全体が茶褐色を呈し始める等して原基形成が完了したら、容器本体2からフィルム体4を外した状態で子実体の成長を促す生育工程へと進む(図3(f)参照)。
原基形成が終期に近づくと、菌床表面の略全体が褐色化する変化が見られ、これは原基形成が略完了した証左でもある。又、原基形成がほぼ終了し、子実体の発生初期に幼子実体が見られる時期となる。
そこで、この原基形成が終了し、又は、幼子実体の発生の見られる附近の時期を原基形成の完了時と捉え、この時期に、固着手段5を解いてフィルム体4を容器本体2から外し、子実体の生育を促すべく15℃程度の発生室へと移動させる。
ここでフィルム体4を容器本体2から外すとは、フィルム体4が容器を密閉する状態を脱することをいい、フィルム体4を切って菌床3が露出する状態とすることも含む意である。
フィルム体4を外すとき、フィルム体4とキノコが癒着すると、キノコ発生を損傷させるものとなるが、本発明フィルム体表面を平坦状とすれば、キノコとの癒着性のないものとなる。
この工程は、基本的に通常の子実体の生育と変わらぬ環境であるが、上記菌糸体量の増加が妨害されず充分な原基形成が促された後での子実体の生育となり、適正で多くの子実体の生育が確認されている。
When the formation of the primordium is completed, such as when almost the entire surface of the fungus bed begins to turn brown, the process proceeds to the growth step of promoting the growth of fruiting bodies with the film body 4 removed from the container body 2 (FIG. 3 (f)). reference).
As the primordium formation approaches the final stage, a change is seen in which almost the entire surface of the fungus bed turns brown, which is also evidence that the primordium formation is almost completed. In addition, the formation of the primordium is almost completed, and the fruiting body is seen in the early stage of fruiting body development.
Therefore, the time near the end of the formation of the primordium or the occurrence of fruiting bodies is regarded as the completion of the formation of the primordium, and at this time, the fixing means 5 is released and the film body 4 is removed from the container body 2. Remove and move to a generation chamber at about 15 ° C to promote the growth of fruiting bodies.
Here, removing the film body 4 from the container body 2 means removing the state in which the film body 4 seals the container, and also means that the film body 4 is cut to expose the fungus bed 3. be.
When the film body 4 is removed, if the film body 4 and the mushrooms adhere to each other, the mushroom generation is damaged. However, if the surface of the film body of the present invention is made flat, the mushrooms do not adhere to each other.
This step is basically the same environment as normal fruiting body growth, but the fruiting body grows after the increase in mycelium mass is not hindered and sufficient primordium formation is promoted, which is appropriate. The growth of many fruiting bodies has been confirmed in.

子実体が成熟したら、これを採取し、キノコ製品とする(図3(g)参照)。 When the fruiting body matures, it is collected and used as a mushroom product (see FIG. 3 (g)).

以上の如く、本発明によれば、その使用する栽培容器1により、例えば図4(A)に示す如く、容器底部に自立用の脚2aを適当長さに配すると、容器本体2を重ねて積むことができ、又、図4(B)に示す如く、棚に積む場合にも、棚の高さを短寸とすることができる。従って、栽培室内により多くの数の栽培容器1を設置することができ、室内に効率良く収納し、収納密度を高めることができる。
同時に、上記の如く、菌床3が隆起する場合に、菌床3の隆起3aに追随して展伸性に富んだフィルム体4を伸長させることができ、菌糸塊を抑制してしまい菌糸体量の増加を阻害するという発生上の欠点を克服することができる。
従って、高い収納密度と良好なキノコの発生条件の確保という双方の要求を両立させることができるものとなる。
As described above, according to the present invention, depending on the cultivation container 1 used, for example, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the self-supporting legs 2a are arranged at an appropriate length on the bottom of the container, the container body 2 is overlapped. It can be stacked, and as shown in FIG. 4B, the height of the shelf can be shortened even when it is stacked on the shelf. Therefore, a larger number of cultivation containers 1 can be installed in the cultivation room, and the cultivation containers 1 can be efficiently stored in the room and the storage density can be increased.
At the same time, as described above, when the mycelium 3 rises, the film body 4 having high malleability can be stretched following the uplift 3a of the mycelium 3, and the mycelium mass is suppressed and the mycelium body. It is possible to overcome the developmental drawback of inhibiting the increase in quantity.
Therefore, it is possible to achieve both the requirements of high storage density and ensuring good mushroom generation conditions.

又、充分な酸素供給の確保とその菌床全体への偏りのない均一性から、キノコ発生部位を均質化することができ、且つ、透光性により充分な光が投与され、適正な原基形成が促されると共に栽培期間を短縮させ得ることも上記した通りである。 In addition, it is possible to homogenize the mushroom generation site from the securing of sufficient oxygen supply and the uniformity of the fungus bed without bias, and sufficient light is administered due to the translucency, so that the proper primordium is used. As mentioned above, the formation can be promoted and the cultivation period can be shortened.

<実施例>
対象をシイタケとし、これに適した菌床3として、広葉樹オガコに栄養体としてフスマを菌床重量の10wt%を添加・混合し、加水して62wt%の水分量に調整した。
600×450×50mmの箱型のポリプロピレン製の容器本体2に、直径20~30mmの接種穴を菌床底部10mm近くにまで押しあけ、その数35個を穿設した。
そこを8μm厚のポリ塩化ビニール製フィルム(商標:日立ラップ)で覆い、ゴム紐で縛着した。これを120℃で60分間の蒸気殺菌を施した。
冷却後、フィルム体4を一旦外し、シイタケ種菌を接種し、再びフィルム体4を縛着した。
これを20℃、RH60~80%に管理した部屋で、60日間培養した。照明は、作業中に室内照明灯を点灯し、菌床表面付近で200~300lux、1日に0.5~4時間の照射とした。
20日目にフィルム体4に縫い針で100個の孔4aを穿った。
<Example>
The subject was shiitake mushrooms, and as a suitable fungus bed 3, 10 wt% of fusuma as a nutrient was added to and mixed with broad-leaved ogako as a nutrient, and water was added to adjust the water content to 62 wt%.
Inoculation holes having a diameter of 20 to 30 mm were punched close to the bottom of the fungus bed to 10 mm in a box-shaped polypropylene container body 2 having a diameter of 600 × 450 × 50 mm, and 35 of them were bored.
It was covered with an 8 μm-thick polyvinyl chloride film (trademark: Hitachi Wrap) and tied with a rubber cord. This was steam sterilized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes.
After cooling, the film body 4 was once removed, inoculated with shiitake mushroom inoculum, and the film body 4 was bound again.
This was cultured for 60 days in a room controlled at 20 ° C. and RH 60-80%. As for the lighting, the indoor lighting was turned on during the work, and irradiation was performed at 200 to 300 lux near the surface of the fungus bed for 0.5 to 4 hours a day.
On the 20th day, 100 holes 4a were drilled in the film body 4 with a sewing needle.

30日目から菌床3の隆起3aが始まり、高さが10mm程度に至ったが、被覆したフィルム体4はこれに追随して伸長し、その後45日目から菌床表面の褐色化が始まり、さらに原基形成が進行した。
培養完了した菌床3を15℃、RH80~90%に管理した発生室に移し、フィルム体4を除去し24時間浸水した。その後10日目にキノコ(シイタケ)を得た(図9参照)。
The uplift 3a of the fungal bed 3 started from the 30th day and reached a height of about 10 mm, but the coated film body 4 subsequently stretched, and then the browning of the fungal bed surface started from the 45th day. , Further primordium formation progressed.
The cultured fungal bed 3 was transferred to a development chamber controlled at 15 ° C. and RH 80 to 90%, the film body 4 was removed, and the cells were flooded for 24 hours. Then, on the 10th day, mushrooms (shiitake mushrooms) were obtained (see FIG. 9).

この時の初回発生のみのキノコ生重は、単位菌床重量あたり20%~25%であり、培養期間と発生期間を合わせた栽培期間は70日であった。
一般に用いられている3Kg菌床の場合は、100日の培養期間と120日の発生期間を合わせた220日の栽培期間に収穫できるキノコ生重が700~1000gであり、菌床重量の23%~30%である。
今回のラップ利用栽培と既存の3kg袋栽培を比較すると、単位菌床重量あたりで比較した場合は同等の生重のキノコを、ラップ利用栽培においては既存袋栽培と比較して30%以下の栽培期間で得られたことになる。
At this time, the raw weight of mushrooms only for the first outbreak was 20% to 25% per unit bed weight, and the cultivation period including the culture period and the outbreak period was 70 days.
In the case of a commonly used 3 kg fungal bed, the raw weight of mushrooms that can be harvested during the 220-day cultivation period, which is the sum of the 100-day culture period and the 120-day development period, is 700 to 1000 g, which is 23% of the fungal bed weight. ~ 30%.
Comparing this wrap-based cultivation with the existing 3 kg bag cultivation, mushrooms with the same raw weight when compared per unit fungus bed weight are cultivated, and 30% or less of the wrap-based cultivation is cultivated compared to the existing bag cultivation. It will be obtained in the period.

培養完了時点における害菌汚染はなく、フィルム体4のフィルターとしてのバクテリアバリア性も確認できた。
接種穴を形成することで、通気量が多くなり部分的に培地の腐朽と熟成が進み、水分のバランスが適切となった。
There was no harmful bacterial contamination at the time of completion of the culture, and the bacterial barrier property as a filter of the film body 4 was confirmed.
By forming the inoculation hole, the amount of aeration increased, the medium partially decayed and matured, and the water balance became appropriate.

1・・ 栽培容器
2・・ 容器本体
2a・・脚
3・・ 菌床
3a・・接種穴
3b・・隆起
4・・ フィルム体
4a・・ 孔
5・・ 固着手段
6・・ 照明具
1 ・ ・ Cultivation container 2 ・ ・ Container body 2a ・ ・ Leg 3 ・ ・ Bacterial bed 3a ・ ・ Inoculation hole 3b ・ ・ Uplift 4 ・ ・ Film body 4a ・ ・ Hole 5 ・ ・ Fixing means 6 ・ ・ Lighting equipment

Claims (5)

保形性を備え上面に開口部を配して一定量の培地が充填可能な容器本体と、該容器本体の上面を被覆する酸素透過性を要しないが展伸性及び透光性を備えたフィルム体と、該フィルム体を容器本体に固定する固着手段とを備えた栽培容器を用い、
a)該容器本体と充填した殺菌処理後の培地との間に、0.2~1.0ml/cm
の空気が貯留可能な空間を形成した菌床を形作った菌床形成工程と、
b)該菌床表面に種菌を散布すると共に、容器本体をフィルム体で被覆して固着手段で密着固定させる種菌接種工程と、
c)透光性の環境下で接種した菌糸を菌床に蔓延させた後、該フィルム体に空気の流入を促す複数の孔を穿設する菌糸培養前期工程と、
d)菌糸蔓延によって原基形成が開始され且つ菌糸塊の形成により培地が隆起する場合に、その隆起に展伸性のフィルム体が追随して菌糸体量の増加を妨害することなく原基形成を促す菌糸培養後期工程と、
e)原基形成が完了したら、容器本体からフィルム体を外した状態で子実体の成長を促す子実体生育工程と、
f)成熟した子実体を採取する採取工程と、
から成ることを特徴とする展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法。
It has a container body that has shape retention and can be filled with a certain amount of medium by arranging an opening on the upper surface, and has extensibility and translucency that does not require oxygen permeability to cover the upper surface of the container body. Using a cultivation container provided with a film body and a fixing means for fixing the film body to the container body,
a) Between the main body of the container and the filled medium after sterilization treatment, 0.2 to 1.0 ml / cm 3
The fungal bed formation process that formed the fungal bed that formed the space where the air can be stored,
b) An inoculum inoculation step in which the inoculum is sprayed on the surface of the inoculum and the container body is covered with a film and fixed in close contact with a fixing means.
c) After spreading the inoculated hyphae in a translucent environment on the mycelial bed, the process of the first stage of mycelial culture in which a plurality of holes for promoting the inflow of air are formed in the film body, and
d) When the formation of primordium is initiated by the spread of mycelia and the medium is uplifted by the formation of mycelial mass, the extensible film body follows the uplift and forms the primordium without interfering with the increase in the amount of mycelium. The late process of mycelial culture that promotes
e) After the formation of the primordium is completed, the fruiting body growth process that promotes the growth of fruiting bodies with the film body removed from the container body,
f) Collection process for collecting mature fruiting bodies,
A method of cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film, which is characterized by being composed of.
前記菌床形成工程において、菌床内に接種穴を形成するものとしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法。
The method for cultivating mushrooms using a ductile film according to claim 1, wherein an inoculation hole is formed in the fungus bed in the fungus bed forming step.
前記菌床形成工程において、菌床を12.5~800mmの木材チップで形成したことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法。
The method for cultivating mushrooms using a ductile film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the fungal bed forming step, the fungal bed is formed of wood chips of 12.5 to 800 mm 3 .
前記フィルム体を、キノコとの癒着性のない平滑状としたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法。
The method for cultivating mushrooms using a malleable film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the film body is made smooth without adhesion to mushrooms.
前記容器本体の上部に照明具を配したことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の展伸性フィルムによるキノコの栽培方法。
The method for cultivating mushrooms using a ductile film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a lighting device is arranged on the upper part of the container body.
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