JP5031237B2 - Hatake shimeji cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom, and more specifically, conventionally, a sprouting step was required between the culturing step and the growing step, and the present invention cultivates labor-saving without requiring a sprouting step independently. The present invention relates to a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji that enables labor saving and shortening of the cultivation period .

Hatakeshimeji (Lyphyllum decastes) are mushrooms of the order Agaric, xylemaceae, shimeji mushrooms, shimeji genus, and mushrooms that form like stocks in gardens, fields, and forest bamboo shoots from September to October. It is similar to hon-shimeji mushrooms, and is especially delicious among mushrooms.
When cultivating this fungus bed, it is necessary to embed the fungus bed with the spread of Hatake-shimeji mycelium in the corroded soil, and the work itself is labor intensive, and the corroded soil also adheres to the fruit bodies obtained. Therefore, merchantability is reduced.
Therefore, in recent years, many attempts have been made on artificial cultivation methods of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms outdoors and indoors, and in particular, development of an indoor cultivation method capable of stable production has been demanded.

As shown in FIG. 3, Hatake shimeji consists of three steps: a culturing step, a sprouting step, and a growing step.
(A) Culture process First, in the culture process, we take a culture process in which the mycelium of Hatake shimeji is sowed on bark compost in which the bark of a tree is mixed with chicken manure, rice bran, etc., and the hyphae are spread and propagated. At this time, Hatake shimeji has a lower ability to decompose wood than Shiitake or the like, and therefore, bark fertilizer that is easy to decompose is used. Moreover, the whole culture medium is put into plastic cultivation containers (for example, a bag body), such as vinyl, and invasion and propagation of various germs are prevented.

(B) Sprouting step Next, the sprouting step was taken, and the mycelium infested with hyphae was taken out from the cultivation container, and it was buried in the soil. For example, in Patent Document 1, it was taken out from the cultivation container There has been proposed a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushrooms that can bury a fungus bed in the soil with a covering soil and harvest fruit bodies with little attached soil in a short period of time and stably. Specifically, in the method for cultivating Hatake shimeji cultivated indoors, the fungus bed of Hatake shimeji is embedded with a covering soil in a draining cultivation container, and then the covering soil is put in the cultivation container until the upper surface of the microbial bed is covered It is a method comprising a covering soil charging step and a covering step of covering the covering soil with a covering soil having a water permeability of pH 5 to 8 and a particle diameter of 4 mm or more. Here, the reason why the fungus bed is taken out from the cultivation container is to secure a stable generation amount by spreading the fungus in new soil.

  On the other hand, there is also a method of inducing primordial formation of Hatake shimeji by temperature control without requiring soil covering treatment in the sprouting process. For example, Patent Document 2 discloses that after the end of culture, the temperature changes in the sprouting process, specifically, the temperature is adjusted so that the temperature change that rises and falls over time repeatedly, and the humidity is adjusted in the same manner. There has been proposed a method for forming the film. This makes use of the fact that the temperature change after the end of the culture is effective for the formation of primordial scallops.

(C) Growth process A temperature of around 17 ° C is suitable for the growth of Hatake shimeji fruiting bodies. Moreover, since this mushroom is very weak to drying and likes high humidity at the time of growth, it is the conditions that the growth chamber maintains high humidity. In addition, it is necessary to obtain a light mushroom having an excellent shape of about 200 lux, but when it is darker than this, the pattern tends to be longer, and when it is brighter than this, the pattern tends to be shorter.
JP 2005-185191 A JP 2004-267087 A

However, in the method of embedding in the soil, the soil covering process is an essential process at the time of embedding, and this soil covering work requires a lot of labor and time, and the work efficiency is deteriorated.
In addition, in the method of sprouting with temperature control, since the operation timing for artificially applying temperature change or humidity change is after the end of the culture, in a culture room containing a different culture bed, This setting is not possible because it adversely affects That is, apart from the culture room and the growth room, a sprout room capable of changing the temperature with time is required. As a result, three rooms, a culture room, a sprouting room, and a growth room are required, resulting in an increase in equipment costs.
Therefore, as a result of various studies, the present invention can proceed with culture and sprouting in parallel without providing a special sprouting step under a certain (temperature) condition, (1) improvement of work efficiency, (2) The plant cost is low, and (3) a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom that can shorten the cultivation period.

The method for cultivating Hatake shimeji of the present invention, when cultivating Hatake shimeji, set (1) a temperature region suitable for culturing and a temperature region suitable for primordial formation as a temperature region, and (2) cultivating in culturing. Cultivation and sprouting are allowed to proceed in parallel while the fungus bed is sealed in the cultivation container without removing the fungus bed from the container, and the fruiting body that has been sprouting in the latter half of the culturing process or in the growing process is stored in the container. (3) It is characterized in that Hatake shimeji is grown in two stages: a culturing process involving sprouting and a growing process, before the container is removed .

In the early stage of culture, the temperature is suitable for culture, so that the mycelium of Hatake shimeji spreads to the mycelium as before, and at the same time, the nutrient is supplied from the medium to the mycelium of Hatake shimeji. The region where the temperature range suitable for culturing and the temperature range suitable for primordium formation overlaps with the temperature suitable for culturing and at the same time suitable for primordium formation. On the other hand, after a certain period of time, primordia are formed on the surface of the fungus bed and budding begins. While primordia are formed on the surface of the fungus bed and sprouting proceeds, culturing is still insufficient at the bottom of the fungus bed, so that the culturing proceeds and the sprouting and culturing proceed simultaneously in parallel. Eventually, the budding progresses to cover almost the entire surface of the fungus bed, and the culture at the bottom of the fungus bed is also almost finished.
As a result, the Hatake shimeji cultivation of the present invention does not require a special sprouting operation or process, can be established in two stages, a culture process and a growth process, can simplify the cultivation process, promote facility saving, and The cultivation cycle is also shortened.
In the growing process from the latter half of the culturing process, before removing the cultivation container, if a part of the container is opened, and the sprouted fruiting body is grown in the container, the humidity is maintained and oxygen in the cultivation container is Supply becomes possible. As a result, the growth of the pattern and the umbrella can be balanced, and it becomes possible to harvest mushrooms with high meat quality, good traits and good commercial value in high yield.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
[Production of fungus bed]
Prepare a culture medium based on bark compost, adding 10% beer lees and 5% rice bran per medium weight, and adjusting the moisture content to 60-68%. The cultivation container is filled with 2.5 to 2.7 kg. Sterilize at 118-120 ° C for 70 minutes under high-pressure steam sterilization and cool, then inoculate Hatake-shimeji inoculum (Kameyama No. 1 (seedling method registered variety: No. 6470)) This process is the same as the conventional process.

[Culture process]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, in the culturing step, the fungus bed is cultured in a room adjusted to a room temperature of 15 to 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60 to 95%. However, at this time, an arbitrary temperature is selected from the temperatures of 15 to 20 ° C., and the temperature change is about ± 1 ° C.
That is, the temperature range suitable for conventional culture is, for example, 21-24 ° C. as the optimum temperature range, as shown in FIG. 1, while the temperature range suitable for primordial formation is optimum around 17 ° C. Therefore, the culture process and the sprouting process are regarded as completely separate processes, and in order, the culture process and the sprouting process have been performed as separate independent stages after the culturing process is completed.
However, as the inventor conducted research, the temperature range suitable for culture was found to be wider than 21-24 ° C, for example, 15-25 ° C, preferably 17-23 ° C. did. That is, when the above-mentioned optimum temperature range was questioned and experiments were conducted, it was found that the temperature suitable for culture includes a temperature lower than 21 ° C., but there is a temperature range more suitable for the lower temperature side.
On the other hand, it was confirmed that the suitable temperature range for primordial formation was wider than 17 ° C., and for example, primordial formation was possible in the region of 15 to 20 ° C. That is, it was found that there is an overlapping portion between the temperature range suitable for culture and the temperature range suitable for primordial formation.
Therefore, when culturing in the temperature range where the temperature range suitable for this culture and the temperature range suitable for primordial formation overlap, the culture proceeds and the hyphae first spread in the mycelium and after a certain period, the primordial Has been formed.
This is the temperature at which hyphae can spread and the temperature at which primordium formation is possible, so that spontaneous sprouting occurs at locations where primordial formation conditions are in place during the process of self-growth This is because the process proceeds in parallel at the same time that the culture is continued at a place where the conditions are not yet satisfied.

For example, when culturing a bacterial bed inoculated with an inoculum (for example, Kameyama No. 1 (registered seedling variety: No. 6470)) in a culture room adjusted to a temperature of 19 ± 1 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60 to 95%, About 40 days after the start, the primordium can be confirmed on the upper surface of the fungus bed. In the case of Kameyama No. 1, 19 ± 1 ° C is not the optimum culture temperature, but is a temperature that is lower than the optimum culture temperature but allows the mycelium to spread, and is a region higher than the optimum temperature for primordial formation.
Here, the primordial form of Hatake-shimeji mushroom is a raised white granular material, which is seen before the primary spread (after 40 days from the start of culture). If this primordium can be confirmed with the naked eye, the culture process is shifted to the growth process. That is, the primordial formation confirmation or the initial stage of fruiting body growth after the primordial formation is regarded as a culture process.

And at this time, this culture | cultivation and germination are advancing simultaneously in the cultivation container. Therefore, it is not necessary to take out the fungus bed from the cultivation container in the sprouting step, cover the soil, or change the temperature of the sprouting chamber as in the prior art, and the above process can be performed while the fungus bed is sealed in the cultivation container. . That is, when the culture process and the germination process are separately independent as in the prior art, for the germination to enter the germination process after Hatakeshimeji mycelium is sufficiently spread and matured in the fungus bed, Even when the fungus bed was taken out from the cultivation container and buried in the soil or when the fungus bed was not taken out from the cultivation container, it was necessary to change the temperature in the germination chamber.
The reason why the fungus bed is taken out from the cultivation container and buried in the soil is that this method is reliable for stable mushroom generation. Specifically, because the film of Hatake-shimeji mushroom bed is very thin, the moisture in the inside tends to evaporate, but this mushroom is vulnerable to drying, so this moisture is covered with soil to confine moisture and prevent this drying With soil covering work.
Further, the temperature change is performed in the sprouting step in order to induce the primordial formation reliably by the bacterial bed temporarily experiencing the primordial formation temperature.
However, in the present invention, in the culturing step, the culture is performed in a region where the temperature region suitable for culturing and the temperature region suitable for primordial formation are overlapped, so that no special operation (emerging step) is required Simplifies the cultivation process, saves facilities, and shortens the cultivation period.

  In the present invention, when the raised white granular (foam granular) buds can be seen with the naked eye, the sprouting is completed, and when the fruiting body has reached about 20 mm, the buds are aligned and the initial growth stage Up to the stage is the culture process.

[Growth process]
Next, in the growth process, a temperature region lower than the temperature in the region where the temperature suitable for the culture and the temperature suitable for primordial formation overlap is set. Among them, growing slowly at around 17 ° C balances the growth of the handle and the umbrella, and the quality of the meat is good and the quality is good.

  In addition, in this growing process, in particular, in the initial stage of the growing process, management is performed so that only a part of the cultivation container remains open until the sprout fruit body umbrella is macroscopically differentiated. This is because, when all of the bags (cultivation containers) are excised, the entire fungus bed is dried, and it is difficult to maintain the humidity for Hatake-shimeji which grows large by absorbing more humidity during growth. Thus, only in the initial stage of the growth process, cutting out a part of the cultivation container and supplying only the necessary oxygen into the container is a condition for obtaining a fruit body with a sense of volume. It should be noted that the time for excising the bag may be either in the early stage of the growing process or in the latter half of the culturing process because the purpose is to supply oxygen.

Hatake shimeji mushroom beds were prepared by a conventional method mainly composed of bark compost and inoculated with Hatake shimeji mushrooms (Kameyama No. 1). The inoculated fungus bed was cultured in a culture room at 19 ± 1 ° C. On the 55th day after inoculation, the primordium was confirmed on the upper surface of the fungus bed, and on the 59th day, it was large and grew to about 20 mm, so we decided to move from the culture process to the growth process.
In the growth process, the growth chamber was set to a temperature of 17 ° C. and a humidity of 95 to 100% (RH). After moving the fungus bed to the growth room, a part of the cultivation container was opened to promote excellent growth of the fruiting body that had been sprouting. When placed in that state for 4 days, the fruit body umbrella started to differentiate and there was a part that contacted the cultivation container, so at that time, only the upper part of the cultivation container was cut out so that it was at the same height as the fungus bed, The entity was grown.
The fruit bodies could be harvested 7 to 14 days after the occurrence control, and specifically, good quality shimeji mushrooms were harvested 10 to 14 days later. An average yield of 710 g per bacterial bed was obtained.

Table 1 shows the comparison of the number of days required for harvesting and the yield for the present invention with two stages of cultivation process and the conventional three-stage technique. The present invention succeeded not only in shortening the cultivation period in Hatake shimeji cultivation but also in simplifying the cultivation process from three stages to two stages. In addition, by adopting the present invention, it is possible to save labor, to save facilities, and to generate stable flakes.

  As is clear from the above results, Hatake shimeji cultivation is a conventional three-stage culture process, sprouting operation or process, and growth process, and does not require a sprouting operation or process as in the present invention. It was proved that the cultivation process could be simplified because it was established in two stages, a culture process and a growth process. In other words, as a matter of course, labor saving and institutionalization have made it possible to secure a stable amount of Hatake-shimeji mushroom in a short period of 62 to 74 days from cultivation to harvesting.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a method for indoor cultivation of Hatake shimeji that enables labor saving and shortening of the cultivation period and the fruit body thereof.

The graph which shows the implementation time of this invention. The figure which shows the flow of the process of this invention. The figure which shows the flow of the conventional process.

Claims (1)

When cultivating Hatake Shimeji,
(1) Set a region where the temperature region suitable for culture and the temperature region suitable for primordial formation overlap as a temperature region,
(2) In culturing, the culturing and sprouting are allowed to proceed simultaneously in parallel while the microbial bed is sealed in the cultivating container without removing the microbial bed from the cultivating container. The grown fruit body is initially grown in the container, and before removing the container, a part of the container is opened,
(3) A method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom, characterized in that the cultivated Hatake shimeji is grown in two stages: a culturing step involving budding and a growing step.