JP2005040018A - Mushroom bed culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mushroom bed culture method by which breeding condition for mycelia is favorably maintained, moisture content in a mushroom bed can be suppressed at a lower level, carpophores are appropriately generated, minimization and deformation of mushrooms to be obtained are prevented, and big mushrooms can be harvested in large quantity. <P>SOLUTION: The mushroom bed culture method comprises charging spawned culture soil into a synthetic resin film culture bag to culture spawns. In the method, the mushroom bed and the culture bag is prevented from sticking to each other via air pressure under such a condition that the surface of the mushroom bed in the culture bag turns brown to the extent of nearly 80%, and the inner part of the culture bag is allowed to communicate with the outer air by cutting off part of the culture bag or making cuts in the culture bag. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【００２５】
【発明の効果】
この発明のきのこ菌床栽培方法は、種菌の培養工程において、菌床の表面がおおむね８０％程度に褐変化した段階で、培養袋の一部を切取り、又は培養袋に切れ目を入れるという簡単な操作、特に、培養袋に設けられているフィルターを培養途中で取り除くという簡単な操作で、菌糸の繁殖条件を良好に維持するうえ、菌床内の含水率を低めに抑えることができるもので、それにより、子実体が適正に発生し、目的とするきのこの小型化や奇形化が避けられ、大型のきのこを多量に収穫することを可能にするという優れた効果を奏するものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms, and particularly to floor cultivation of shiitake mushrooms using culture bags, and belongs to the mushroom cultivation technique.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Mushroom bed cultivation, which is performed by filling the culture medium inoculated with the inoculum into a culture bag, is a method widely used with fungus bed cultivation using culture bottles, and further with sardine cultivation using raw wood. It is an excellent method that does not require skill and labor.
[0003]
Among them, Shiitake fungus bed cultivation is mainly made of broad-leaved tree raw sawfish with different particle sizes mixed with nutrients such as rice bran or bran at a suitable ratio, and a medium adjusted to 60-65% moisture is made of plastic. After filling a culture bag made of sterilization, the medium is sterilized by high-pressure steam sterilization, etc., inoculated with inoculum, and cultured in a sealed culture bag in a clean culture chamber to spread the mycelium. The fungus bed that has spread is taken out by breaking the culture bag, stimulated, encouraged to germinate the fruit body, and grown and cultivated in a mushroom cultivation room maintained at a predetermined environmental condition.
[0004]
This culture bag is used in a state in which the opening of the bag is sealed by heat sealing or the like, but since air is necessary for the growth of bacteria, a vent hole is usually provided in the upper part of the culture bag. In addition, an air-permeable filter that allows air to pass through but does not allow germs to pass therethrough is provided in the hole, so that air is supplied while preventing invasion of germs and dust.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The fungus inoculated in the culture medium in the culture bag gradually grows toward the bottom of the fungus bed. The supply of air necessary for the growth of mycelia and the dioxide emitted by the growth. It is necessary to eliminate carbon efficiently, but if a medium with moisture comes into contact with the air-permeable filter, it is easy for bacteria to enter. Yes.
[0006]
Therefore, as the mycelium propagates in the lower part of the mycelium, the supply of air and the discharge of carbon dioxide become worse, the hyphal growth conditions worsen, the length of the mycelium culture medium becomes longer, and the hyphal viability decreases. The moisture content in the fungus bed is also increased, and when the fungus bed is taken out of the culture bag, a large amount of fruiting bodies are generated due to stimulation by sudden release of moisture, and the target mushrooms are significantly reduced in size and deformed It can be a thing.
[0007]
In order to solve these problems, various proposals have been made, and some of them are exemplified as follows.
1) A culture bag used for mushroom fungus bed cultivation is provided with a filter and a medium hole through which air and water vapor are passed from the opening to the bottom so that bacteria, mycelia, fungi and mushroom spores are hardly passed. A culture bag in which air and water vapor can pass between the inside and the outside is used (see Patent Document 1).
2) The material of the culture bag used for fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms is a poly-4-methyl-1-pentene polymer film (see Patent Document 2).
[0008]
These proposals are intended to eliminate the above-mentioned problems, but they use a special material film for the culture bag or have a special structure, which not only causes problems in terms of price. When the filter is provided up to the bottom, as described above, the filter comes into contact with the medium containing moisture, and there is a risk of invasion of various bacteria.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-33058 (Claims)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-188950 (Claims)
[0010]
In view of the present situation, the present invention, when cultivating the inoculum inoculated in the culture medium in the culture bag, during the cultivation process of the mushroom fungus bed cultivation, in particular, the state that the surface of the fungus bed during the cultivation is browned by about 80% Then, by cutting a part of the culture bag or making a cut, it is found that if the bag body is forced to communicate with the outside air, the increase in the moisture content is suppressed and the culture period is shortened. The invention has been completed.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is
When cultivating the culture medium inoculated with the inoculum in a culture bag made of synthetic resin film,
With the surface of the fungus bed in the culture bag browned by about 80%, the sticking between the fungus bed and the culture bag is eliminated by air pressure, and a part of the culture bag is cut or cut into the culture bag By this, it is a fungus bed cultivation method of the mushroom characterized by making the inside of a culture bag communicate with outside air.
[0012]
The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is
In the method for cultivating the mushroom fungus according to claim 1,
Release of sticking between the bacteria bed and the culture bag by the air pressure,
This is performed by deforming the culture bag.
[0013]
Further, the invention according to claim 3 is the present invention.
In the fungus bed cultivation method of the mushroom according to claim 1 or 2,
Cutting a part of the culture bag, or a break in the culture bag,
It is characterized by being performed in a size sufficient to reduce the moisture content of the fungus bed.
[0014]
Further, the invention according to claim 4 is the present invention.
In the mushroom bed cultivation method in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3,
Cutting out a part of the culture bag,
This is performed by removing the filter provided in the culture bag.
[0015]
Further, the invention according to claim 4 is the present invention.
In the mushroom bed cultivation method in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3,
The formation of a cut in a part of the culture bag,
It is characterized by being formed in the vicinity of a filter provided in the culture bag.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the mushroom fungus bed cultivation of the present invention will be specifically described.
<Medium preparation>
A base material such as hardwood sawdust, chip dust, and corn cob and a nutrient source such as rice bran and bran are stirred and mixed at a weight ratio of 3: 4 to 4: 1 and the water content is adjusted to 60 to 65%. Prepare the medium.
<Packing>
A culture made of polyolefin, such as polypropylene, with a hole of the required diameter formed in the upper part, a filter that passes only air and water vapor inside this hole, and hardly passes bacteria, mycelia, fungi and mushroom spores, etc. A bag is filled with 1-3 kg of the prepared medium.
<Bactericidal>
The culture bag filled with the medium obtained above is steam-heated at 120 ° C. for 60 to 120 minutes to sterilize the medium.
<Kind>
A hole with a diameter of about 2 to 3 cm is formed vertically in the center of the sterilized and allowed to cool, and in this hole, for example, a shiitake strain cultured in a potato-dextrose broth liquid medium at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 2-3 weeks. Aseptically plant 20-30 ml per bag.
<Culture>
The inoculated medium (culture medium) is allowed to spread over 30 to 60 days under conditions of a temperature of about 25 ° C. and a humidity of 50 to 70%.
The medium (culture medium) in which the mycelium has spread is further maintained under similar conditions for 60 to 120 days so that the mycelium has the ability to form a primordium. This state is usually said to be ripe.
<Development>
Remove the fully-ripened culture medium from the bag, expose the surface naked (unbag removal), stimulate with watering, and under the conditions of temperature 10-20 ° C, humidity 80-90%, illuminance 150-300 lux A primordial group is formed, and a mature fruit body is formed.
[0017]
In the mushroom bed cultivation method of the present invention, in the middle of the step of culturing the inoculum inoculated on the medium, a part of the culture bag is cut or a cut is made in the culture bag to communicate the inside of the culture bag with the outside air, Suppressing or reducing the moisture content in the culture bag, generating a large number of fruiting bodies from the removed culture medium, and reducing size and malformation.
[0018]
A part of this culture bag is cut or cut into the culture bag. The culture bag may be cut off at any location, but considering the size of the culture bag and the filling amount of the medium, etc. In order to suppress or reduce the increase in the moisture content of the culture bag, normally, in the case of a culture bag having a length (height) of about 380 mm, an aeration of about φ25 mm at a position of about 300 mm from the bottom. Since the filter is provided by closing the hole, removing the filter is advantageous in terms of process control and quality stability, and is preferable for the present invention.
[0019]
In the same way as above, the cut in the culture bag is positioned so that the increase in the moisture content in the culture bag can be suppressed or reduced in consideration of the size of the culture bag and the filling amount of the culture medium. Although the length is determined, it is preferable to make a cut in the filter based on the filter as described above.
[0020]
This step is usually more late in the culturing step, more specifically, about 20 to 50 days before unpacking, about 3 weeks before the surface of the fungus bed changes by about 80%, and more specifically. When the culture is as short as 90 days, it is performed between 20 and 30 days before unpacking, and when the culture is as long as 180 days, it is performed between 30 and 50 days before unpacking.
[0021]
That is, when the surface of the fungus bed changes to approximately 80% browning, the surface of the culture medium and the inner surface of the culture bag stick to each other and the air flow in the culture bag is inhibited. In order to eliminate the sticking between the surface of the culture medium and the inner surface of the culture bag by using the air pressure of the culture bag, the culture bag is partially cut or cultivated in order to suppress or reduce the increase in the moisture content in the culture bag. The bag is partially incised. To eliminate the sticking, the culture bag is deformed by means such as folding the upper part of the culture bag, and the air pressure is applied to the surface of the culture medium (culture medium) and the culture bag. It is desirable to release the sticking.
[0022]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the fungus bed cultivation method of the mushroom of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
[0023]
<Examples 1-4, Comparative Example 1>
Hardwood sawdust, mixed with two kinds of particles with a particle size of 2, 36-0, 83 mm and a particle size of 0.83 mm or more in a dry matter weight ratio of 1: 1. Top: trade name) was mixed so that sawdust and nutrients were 3: 1 (absolute dry weight ratio) and stirred for 20 minutes. Further, the medium was prepared by stirring for 40 minutes while adding water so that the water content was 60 to 64%.
The prepared culture medium (1300 g) was filled in a culture bag with a filter having a height of 38 cm and pressurized so that the height was 16 to 17 cm.
After sterilizing under high pressure at a medium temperature of 118 ° C. for 45 minutes, the mixture was allowed to cool and when the temperature in the medium reached 25 ° C. or lower, 15-22 cc of Shiitake fungus species (cg44) was inoculated.
The medium inoculated with the bacterial species was cultured in a culture room having an average temperature of 22.1 ° C. and an average humidity of 72.4%.
During culture, each of the culture bag filters was a. 95 days after inoculation (40 days before bag removal: Example 1)
b. 105 days after inoculation (30 days before bag removal: Example 2)
c. 115 days after inoculation (20 days before bag removal: Example 3)
d. 125 days after inoculation (10 days before bag removal: Example 4)
The culture was further continued and cultured for a total of 135 days.
A sample that was cultured for 135 days without removing the filter to the end was designated as Comparative Example 1. The culture medium (culture medium) of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 cultured for 135 days after inoculation was removed from the culture bag (bag removal), and the generation of fruiting bodies was promoted by stimulation by removing the culture bag, and the temperature was 15 to 17 In the generation room controlled at 0 ° C., fruiting bodies were grown on the 21st day after the bag removal, while being submerged every 21 days thereafter.
Existence of excision of filter, excision date is different, bacteria bed weight at the time of bag removal in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example, moisture content of bacteria bed, average yield per bed, average number, average weight per piece, Table 1 shows the measurement results of the number ratio of large mushrooms grown to 45 mm or more.
[0024]
[Table 1]

[0025]
【The invention's effect】
The mushroom fungus bed cultivation method of the present invention is a simple method in which a part of the culture bag is cut or a cut is made in the culture bag when the surface of the fungus bed is browned to about 80% in the inoculum culture process. The operation, especially the simple operation of removing the filter provided in the culture bag in the middle of the culture, to maintain good hyphae growth conditions, and to keep the moisture content in the fungus bed low, As a result, fruit bodies are properly generated, miniaturization and malformation of the target mushroom can be avoided, and a large amount of large mushrooms can be harvested.

Claims (5)

When cultivating the culture medium inoculated with the inoculum in a culture bag made of synthetic resin film,
With the surface of the fungus bed in the culture bag browned by about 80%, the sticking between the fungus bed and the culture bag is eliminated by air pressure, and a part of the culture bag is cut or cut into the culture bag The fungus bed cultivation method of the mushroom characterized by making the inside of a culture bag connect with external air by this. Release of sticking between the bacteria bed and the culture bag by the air pressure,
The mushroom bed cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation is performed by deforming the culture bag. Cutting a part of the culture bag, or a break in the culture bag,
The mushroom bed cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cultivation is performed in a size sufficient to reduce the moisture content of the fungus bed. Cutting out a part of the culture bag,
The mushroom bed cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method is performed by removing a filter provided in the culture bag. The formation of a cut in a part of the culture bag,
It forms in the vicinity of the filter provided in the culture bag, The mushroom bed cultivation method in any one of the Claims 1 thru | or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned.