CN114938760B - Cultivation method of small mushroom - Google Patents
Cultivation method of small mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN114938760B CN114938760B CN202111219466.7A CN202111219466A CN114938760B CN 114938760 B CN114938760 B CN 114938760B CN 202111219466 A CN202111219466 A CN 202111219466A CN 114938760 B CN114938760 B CN 114938760B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of russula vinosa, which is characterized in that penicillium is inoculated in a russula vinosa cultivation fungus bag firstly, then russula vinosa strains are inoculated in the russula vinosa cultivation fungus bag, after mycelia in the fungus bag grow to be full of bags, a circle of openings are formed at the bottoms of the bags, so that the air quantity in the bags can be increased, and an effect of promoting formation of primordia can be produced by spraying an extract of silk moth. The effects of timed strong light irradiation and a humidifier can simulate the field habitat. The cultivation method is simple, scientific in setting and comprehensive in function, and can enable the pleurotus geesteranus to germinate early, grow faster, enable mycelia to be thicker and stronger, generate primordium earlier, promote the formation of mushroom buds, excite the pleurotus geesteranus mycelia to absorb and utilize nutrition in fungus bags, and increase the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultivation of wild large fungi, in particular to a cultivation method of russula vinosa.
Background
Russula (Mycena haematopus (per.) p.kumm.), also known as russula aculeata, are saprophytes of the Basidiomycotina (Basidiomycotina), agaricus (agaricus), tricholomataceae (Tricholomataceae), and rusalem (Mycena). Early summer to autumn often grow on broad-leaved tree saplings with a greater degree of decay. Distributed in northeast, china and other areas. The diameter of the fungus cover is 2.5-5 cm, and the fungus cover is conical in young time and gradually becomes bell-shaped and has stripes; dark red at young, light after maturation, dark color in the middle, light color at the edges and regular saw-tooth shape with cracks; the young people have white powdery fine particles, become smooth after the young people are injured, and flow out blood red juice. The fungus meat is thin, white to reddish wine. The fungus folds grow straight or near-curved, white to off-white, and sometimes dark red spots are visible, which are denser. The stipe is 3-6 cm long, 2-3 cm in diameter, cylindrical or flat, and is the same color as or slightly lighter than the pileus, and is white fine powdery particles, hollow, crisp, and white hairy mycelium at the base. Basidiospores 7.7-11.1X15.8-6.9 μm, Q=1.3-1.8, Q av =1.56, oval to oblong, colorless, smooth, thin-walled, oil-drop-containing, starchy. The experiment shows that the shiitake fungus has anticancer effect, and the inhibition rate of the shiitake fungus to the sarcoma 180 and the Ehrlich carcinoma of mice is up to 100%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method capable of promoting mycelium growth and germination of mushroom buds in the growing process of the russula vinosa.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a cultivation method of the small red mushroom comprises inoculating penicillium, and inoculating the small red mushroom strain.
A cultivation method of the russula vinosa comprises the steps of growing mycelia of a russula vinosa cultivation fungus bag into a bag, and opening a circle at the bottom of the bag.
A cultivation method of small red mushrooms comprises the steps of adding silk moth extracting solution to carry out spraying after opening cultivation fungus bags of small red mushrooms.
A cultivation method of small red mushrooms is provided, wherein the small red mushrooms are cultivated in a fungus bag, and illumination stimulation is required in the cultivation and management process.
A cultivation method of the russula vinosa is provided, wherein the russula vinosa cultivation fungus bag is subjected to temperature stimulation in the cultivation management process.
The technical scheme has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the method comprises the steps of inoculating penicillium in a cultivation fungus bag of the pleurotus cornucopiae, inoculating the pleurotus cornucopiae strain after 3 days, and enabling the pleurotus cornucopiae to grow on a penicillium colony, so that the growth of hyphae of the pleurotus cornucopiae can be promoted, and compared with the pleurotus cornucopiae which is not inoculated on the penicillium colony, the method has the characteristics of early germination, higher growth speed and thicker mycelia.
2. After the bag is fully filled with mycelium of the culture fungus bag of the small mushroom, a circle of opening is formed at the bottom of the bag, so that the air quantity in the bag can be increased, the fungus bag can be still kept covered in the fungus bag, certain humidity is kept, further growth of mycelium is facilitated, and a primordium is formed by kinking.
3. The silk moth is one of the insect pests of the small red mushroom because of taking the small red mushroom as the raw material. The silk moth can secrete various enzymes for digesting and decomposing the pleurotus geesteranus mycelium, namely the liquid can stimulate the pleurotus geesteranus mycelium to react, and the pleurotus geesteranus primordium can be formed in a short time. After the bag of the small mushroom cultivation fungus is opened, the silk moth extractive solution is added for spraying, so that the effect of promoting the formation of primordium can be achieved, and the primordium can be formed earlier than the cultivation fungus without spraying the silk moth extractive solution.
4. When the pleurotus geesteranus normally grows in the wild, the effect of the wild environment is achieved, the illuminance difference is about 50000Lux, the humidity difference is about 20%, therefore, the cultivation fungus bag needs to be subjected to illumination and humidity stimulation in the cultivation management process, the wild habitat can be simulated through the timed strong light illumination and the effect of a humidifier, the growth of the pleurotus geesteranus is further promoted, the mycelium of the pleurotus geesteranus is stimulated to absorb and utilize nutrition in the fungus bag, and the yield is increased.
In a word, the method is a cultivation method capable of promoting mycelium growth and germination of mushroom buds in the growing process of the russula vinosa. By inoculating penicillium and then inoculating the strain of the pleurotus geesteranus into the pleurotus geesteranus cultivation fungus bag, the pleurotus geesteranus can germinate early, grow faster and mycelia are thicker. After the bag is fully filled with mycelium of the culture fungus bag of the small mushroom, a circle of opening is formed at the bottom of the bag, so that the air quantity in the bag can be increased, the fungus bag can be still kept covered in the fungus bag, certain humidity is kept, further growth of mycelium is facilitated, and a primordium is formed by kinking. Spraying the silk moth extractive solution can promote the formation of primordia. The effects of timed strong light irradiation and a humidifier can simulate the field habitat and further promote the growth of the russula vinosa. Therefore, the cultivation method of the russula vinosa is simple, scientific in setting, comprehensive in function, easy for russula vinosa hyphae to grow, capable of generating primordia more early, promoting formation of mushroom buds, and capable of stimulating russula vinosa hyphae to absorb and utilize nutrition in the fungus bags, and increasing yield. The cultivation method has positive promotion significance for the cultivation of wild rare edible and medicinal fungi.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method of russula vinosa, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mother seed production
The mother culture tube of the small mushroom is prepared by adopting a PDA culture medium, and is placed in an incubator for culturing at 25 ℃ after aseptic operation inoculation.
(2) Liquid fungus production
Firstly, preparing a liquid shake flask, adopting a CYM complete culture medium, and culturing at 25 ℃ on a shaking table at 140 r/min; and inoculating the strain in the liquid shake flask into a liquid fermentation tank which is empty and dead in advance under the aseptic condition, and culturing for 7 days to finish the preparation of the liquid strain.
(3) Fungus bag secondary fungus formula
The formula comprises 73% of wood dust, 15% of wheat bran, 10% of corn kernels, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum.
(4) Mixing material
The sawdust, the fungus chaff, the nutrient raw materials, the wheat bran, the gypsum and the lime are fully and uniformly mixed on the clean ground or in a container, then (bean cake powder) which is dissolved in water in advance is poured into a material pile, then water is added and stirred while the water content is measured, the materials are tightly held by hands until water seeps out but does not drip between the finger joints or the materials are scattered in two halves after the hand holding materials are opened, the pH value is proper, and the pH value is higher than that after sterilization.
(5) Bagging-off
Bagging is carried out by a bagging machine, the specification and the size of fungus bags are 16.2cm multiplied by 37cm, and the weight of wet materials in each bag is 2.5 jin. The bag mouth is put down to basket for sterilization, the bag is put into the basket for sterilization on the same day, and the bag cannot be placed overnight, so that the bacteria are prevented from being generated, fermented and spoiled. If it cannot be sterilized on the same day, it should be placed at cool and ventilated places overnight.
(6) Sterilization
High pressure steam sterilization at 129℃and 1.5 kg/cm 2 The pressure is maintained for 1-1.5 hours at 126 ℃ and 1.4 kg/cm 2 Maintaining the pressure for 1.5-2 hours and 1.2 kg/cm 2 The pressure is maintained for 3.5-4 hours, and the sterilizing pressure and the maintaining time are different according to the volume and medium of the sterilized object.
Note that: the autoclave must thoroughly remove cold air from the autoclave, otherwise "false pressure rise" will occur; the principle of slow air intake and slow air discharge is mastered. A polypropylene bag was used.
Sterilizing at normal pressure: when the fire is sufficient, the fire is high, the water is always kept boiling, and the water quantity in the pot is supplemented. The sterilization effect can be achieved only when the temperature in the sterilization pot is strictly required to reach 100 ℃ within 4 hours, the sterilization temperature is generally changed to 100-103 ℃ and maintained for 8-10 hours.
(7) Inoculating bacteria
The sterilized fungus bag is placed in a cooling chamber, and the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ to be inoculated. The inoculation is carried out in a sterilized inoculation box, and after sterilization for 40 minutes by using a mushroom care device, the inoculation is carried out by using an inoculation hoe in a sterile operation method. The specific operation is as follows: the glove with latex is put on, the alcohol lamp is ignited, the glove and the tool are wiped with 75% alcohol, then the inoculation hoe is burned by the outer flame of the alcohol lamp, after cooling, the fungus bag paper cover, cotton are picked up, and the stick is pulled out; the liquid strain is inoculated into the hole and put on a shelf for culture.
(8) Culturing
The ground is kept from dust when the light and humidity are avoided. The temperature is 20-30 ℃. Ventilation is needed to keep the culture room clean and sanitary, the growth condition of strains is often checked, the strain bags with pollution and inactive strains are timely removed, the height between layers of the culture rack is 35-40 cm, and the culture rack is vertically arranged in a single layer, for example, three layers are horizontally arranged. And filling the bags after about 30-45 days, and storing the strains at a low temperature after filling the bags.
(9) Production of cultivated species
The formula of the cultivation fungus bag comprises 25% of fungus chaff, 55% of wood dust, 15% of wheat bran, 2% of bean cake powder, 1% of corn flour, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum. After the fungus bag is sterilized and cooled, under the aseptic condition, penicillium is inoculated firstly, and then the pleurotus geesteranus strain is inoculated after 3 days, and is cultivated in a fungus cultivation room at 25 ℃.
(10) An opening
After the bag is fully filled with mycelium of the culture fungus bag of the small mushroom, a circle of opening is formed at the bottom of the bag, so that the air quantity in the bag can be increased, the fungus bag can be still kept covered in the fungus bag, certain humidity is kept, further growth of mycelium is facilitated, and a primordium is formed by kinking.
(11) Preparation of silk moth extractive solution
100 g of silk moth larvae are taken, 1000ml of water is added, and the mixture is placed in a tissue crusher for crushing treatment, and then is leached in a water bath at 40 ℃ for 2 hours.
(12) Cultivation management
And spraying the silk moth extractive solution into the bag for 1 time every day in the first 5 days of cultivation management.
(13) Illuminance adjustment
The illuminance per day is adjusted to be 2000 Lux-52000 Lux, and the difference value is about 50000 Lux.
(14) Humidity control
The humidity is regulated to 65-85% by a humidifier, and the difference is about 20%.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A cultivation method of small mushroom is characterized in that: inoculating 10ml of penicillium liquid strain into the culture fungus bag of the pholiota nameko, and inoculating 20ml of the pholiota nameko liquid strain after 3 days; after mycelium of the fungus bag for cultivating the pleurotus cornucopiae grows fully in the bag, opening a circle at the bottom of the bag, so that the air quantity in the bag is increased and the fungus bag can be still kept covered in the fungus bag; spraying the silk moth extractive solution into the bag for 1 time every day in the first 5 days of cultivation management; the illuminance of each day is regulated to be 2000-52000 Lux, and the difference value of the illuminance of each day is kept to be about 50000 Lux; the humidity is regulated to be 65-85% by a humidifier, and the difference value of the daily humidity is kept to be about 20%.
2. The cultivation method of small mushroom according to claim 1, wherein: the silk moth extractive solution is prepared by taking 100 g of silk moth larva, adding 1000ml of water, pulverizing in a tissue pulverizer, and leaching in water bath at 40deg.C for 2 hr.
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| CN202111219466.7A CN114938760B (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | Cultivation method of small mushroom |
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| CN202111219466.7A CN114938760B (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | Cultivation method of small mushroom |
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| CN114938760B true CN114938760B (en) | 2023-06-02 |
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Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5123203A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1992-06-23 | Maui Shiitake Trading Company, Inc. | Method for culture of fungi including shiitake (Lentinus edodes) |
| CN105981583B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2019-11-19 | 保山学院 | Add the method that fresh insect protein promotes Cordyceps nutans growth |
| FR3071507B1 (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-10-11 | Ab7 Industries | CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF FILAMENTOUS MUSHROOMS |
| CN110326485B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2023-07-07 | 福建农林大学 | Cultivation method and application of cultivated trametes heme |
| CN111109009B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-08-20 | 西南林业大学 | Armillaria mellea SWFU-09 and application thereof |
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Inventor after: Gao Yunhong Inventor after: Guo Xing Inventor after: Liu Yunwei Inventor after: Gao Zhitao Inventor after: Fan Dongru Inventor after: Zhang Deyan Inventor before: Guo Xing Inventor before: Gao Yunhong Inventor before: Liu Yunwei Inventor before: Gao Zhitao Inventor before: Fan Dongru Inventor before: Zhang Deyan |
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