JP4150332B2 - Hatake shimeji cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji, specifically, a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji, which is superior in quality to a fungus bed and can stably harvest fruit bodies with less adherent soil in a short period of time.

  Hatake-shimeji is a mushroom belonging to the genus Shimeji, and occurs frequently in the vicinity of people's houses, in fields, in bamboo forests, etc. in spring and autumn. The shape is similar to Honjimeji and the taste is as good as Honjimeji. In recent years, artificial cultivation methods of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms outdoors and indoors have been studied. In particular, indoor cultivation methods that provide a stable harvest are attracting attention.

For example, Patent Literature 1 is known as a conventional cultivation method for Hatake-Shimeji. Patent Document 1 includes an inoculation step of inoculating a culture medium packed with an inoculum into a culture vessel, a fungus bed preparation step of culturing the inoculum of the inoculum to a state where the mycelium of the inoculum is sufficiently spread in the culture vessel, After transferring this fungus bed into a shimeji cultivation container with good drainage, cover the fungus bed with a water-permeable coating material, and then wet the coating material by spraying water until the whole is wet. A method for cultivating Hatake shimeji mushroom comprising a fruiting body growing step in which a fruiting body is generated while being kept in a state and grown indoors for a predetermined period is disclosed.
In the fungus bed embedding process, even after the fungus bed was completely covered with the covering material, the covering material was covered until reaching a height of 2 to 12 cm from the upper surface of the fungus bed.

JP 2000-308415 A

  However, the cultivation method of Hatake shimeji of Patent Document 1 has no description regarding the pH of the coating material. Hatake-shimeji mycelium reacts very sensitively to the pH of the covering, which is the cultivation soil. For example, when an acidic coating material having a pH of less than 5 was used and when an alkaline coating material having a pH of more than 8 was used, the ratio of the bamboo shimeji growing until it became a fruit body of a size that can be shipped was low.

Similarly, the particle diameter of the coating material was not described in Patent Document 1 in the same manner. For example, if cultivation is performed using a small covering material having a particle size of less than 4 mm, even if the particle size is too fine, the sprouting rate (germination rate) from which the shoots of Hatake shimeji mushroom come out of the covering material is reduced, It took a long time to budding. In addition, the harvested fruiting bodies had a lot of attached soil, which reduced the commercial value of Hatake Shimeji.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji, which is superior in quality to a fungus bed and can stably harvest fruit bodies with less adherent soil in a short period of time.

The invention according to claim 1 embeds a fungus bed of Hatake shimeji in a cultivation container having drainage properties with a covering soil, and in the cultivation method of Hatake shimeji cultivating the hatake shimeji indoors, the fungus bed is placed on the cultivation container, Thereafter, a soil covering step for putting the soil covering in the cultivation container until the height of the surface of the soil covering and the surface of the fungus bed is equal, and then water permeability having a pH of 5 to 8 and a particle size of 4 mm or more on the soil covering. and a coating step of covering the coating soil with sex, the coating soil is Hatakeshimeji method of cultivating a mullet earth Miyazaki Prefecture.

  According to the invention of claim 1, the fungus bed placed in the cultivation container is embedded with the cover soil, the fungus bed is washed with watering, the cover soil and the fungus bed are flattened, and then the surface of the cover soil is water permeable. And covering with soil having a pH of 5 to 8 and a particle size of 4 mm or more. Since the pH of the covering soil is 5 to 8, Hatake shimeji can be grown well. Moreover, by covering with covering soil, the heat retention and moisture retention of the fungus bed can be stabilized. In addition, the coated soil has a gap between the grains suitable for the sprouting of Hatake-shimeji. As a result, it is possible to increase the yield of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms and to stably harvest the fruit bodies of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms, which are superior in quality to the fungus bed and have a high commercial value with little soil attached to the fruit bodies, in a short period of time.

The cultivation container is not particularly limited as long as it has good drainage. However, it is preferable that the container has a shape in which accumulated water is difficult to be formed. Those having a structure with poor drainage or generating pooled water may cause miscellaneous bacteria and inhibit the production of fruiting bodies.
The method for producing the fungus bed is not limited. For example, a culture medium is filled in a fungus bed culture container, this is heat-sterilized, and then the seed culture of Hatake-shimeji is inoculated into the culture medium. Then, the method etc. which culture | cultivate until the mycelium of an inoculum fully spreads in the inside of a culture container, etc. are employable.
After placing the fungus bed in the cultivation container, for example, the fungus bed is covered with covering soil, and then sprayed until the whole becomes wet. The water for watering is preferably pH 6-7 suitable for cultivation of Hatake shimeji.
After the fruiting body is collected, while holding the covering soil and the covering soil in a moist state, water within the appropriate temperature range for growing mycelium is sprinkled, and the mycelium is stimulated to grow so that the second and subsequent hatakeshimeji It is also possible to harvest. In that case, after the mycelium grows, it is necessary to sprinkle water within an appropriate temperature range to form the fruiting body primordium to form the fruiting body primordium.

The cover soil, for example, commercially available Kanuma soil, akadama, natural soil and moss, such Hinata soil or decomposed granite soil, the material has a water permeability such gardening materials such as mulch or permeable and mix these materials appropriately, Materials adjusted to have can be used.
The covering soil has a pH of 4.5 to 9 , a preferable pH of 5 to 8, and a more preferable pH of 5.5 to 7.5. When the covering soil is less than pH 4.5 and exceeds pH 9, the vitality of the mycelium is significantly reduced.

  The particle size of the covering soil is 0.1 to 13 mm, preferably 0.2 to 7 mm. When the particle size is less than 0.1 mm, the drainage performance is lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 13 mm, the heat retention and the moisture retention are deteriorated.

As the covering soil, weave soil (produced in Miyazaki Prefecture) can be adopted. Among the soils, small particles having a particle size of 4 to 7 mm and medium particles having a particle size of 7 to 13 mm are preferable.
The preferable pH of the covering soil is 6-7. When the covering soil is less than pH 5 and exceeds pH 8, the viability of the mycelium is lowered, and thus the ability to grow mycelia and the ability to generate fruit bodies are lowered.
The preferable particle diameter of the covering soil is 7 to 13 mm. If the particle size is less than 4 mm, the particle size of the coated soil is too fine, and the sprouting rate of Hatake shimeji falls or the sprouting period becomes long. In addition, the generated fruit body has a lot of attached soil, and the merchantability is reduced.
The thickness of the covering soil is 2 to 5 cm, preferably 3 to 4 cm. If it is less than 2 cm, the surface of the fungus bed becomes overdried and the temperature change becomes large. If it exceeds 5 cm, the sprouting period becomes too long.

  According to the invention described in claim 1, on the cover soil in which the fungus bed is embedded in the cultivation container, the gap between the grains (grain size of 4 mm or more) excellent in heat retention and moisture retention and suitable for the sprouting of Hatake-shimeji. Cover with the covered soil of pH 5-8. Therefore, the seedling quality of Hatake shimeji is high, the germination rate of Hatake shimeji is high, the quality is superior to the fungus bed, the soil attached to the root is small and the number and size of fruit bodies per strain is constant, It can be harvested in a short period of time and stably. As a result, planned production of Hatake Shimeji is possible.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to embodiments.

The cultivation method of Hatake shimeji concerning Example 1 of this invention is explained.
A fungus bed of Hatake shimeji is prepared in advance. As a fungus bed, a mixture of pulverized coal and nutrient sources (rice bran, bran, etc.) in a predetermined ratio is used as a culture substrate. The moisture content of the culture substrate is 55 to 65%.
Then, the culture medium whose water content has been adjusted is sterilized by heat sterilization, for example, by filling about 1 kg of a commercially available heat-resistant culture bag and heating it in an autoclave at a temperature of 110 to 130 ° C. for 50 to 90 minutes. Subsequently, the culture medium is cooled to 25 ° C. or less, and 20 to 40 g of inoculum prepared in advance in a clean bench is inoculated per 1 kg of the culture medium. After the inoculation, dark culture is performed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber having a temperature of 18 to 25 ° C., a humidity of 40 to 80%, and a carbon dioxide gas concentration of 4000 ppm or less. Thereafter, the mycelium spreads throughout the culture medium and is aged until the formation of fruit body primordia is confirmed, and this is used as the mycelium.

Next, with reference to the flow sheet of FIG. 1, a method for cultivating Hatake shimeji using this fungus bed will be described.
First, the covering soil (embedding soil) 13 (FIG. 1C) is produced. Take red clay and hinata soil at 2: 1 (volume ratio) in a bat and mix well to make cover soil 13. Instead of red jade soil, masa soil may be adopted. The particle size of the covering soil 13 is preferably a fine particle that is too fine and does not deteriorate water retention, and is too large and does not have poor water retention. Specifically, a particle diameter of 1 to 7 mm is preferable. The pH of the covering soil 13 is 5-8. An appropriate amount of bitter earth, lime or the like is added to the covering soil 13 outside this range, and the pH is adjusted to 5-8.
Next, when the commercial product is viewed in plan, the bottom stone 11 is thinly spread with a thickness of about 1 cm on the bottom surface of the rectangular planter 10, and water is sufficiently sprayed (FIG. 1 (a)). The planter 10 is a container having a capacity of 20 liters, and a drain port 10a is formed at the lower end of one side plate on the long side. As the bottom stone 11, for example, a pumice stone or a large grain of Hyuga soil can be adopted.

  Then, on both sides of the long side of the planter 10, the fungus bed 12 (about 1 kg per piece) from which the culture bags are removed is placed on the bottom stone 11 (FIG. 1B). Next, the fungus bed 12 is embedded with the covering soil 13 up to almost the same height as the upper surface of the fungus bed 12 (FIG. 1C). The microbial bed 12 is washed by watering, and the covering soil 13 and the microbial bed 12 are flattened (the surface height is made uniform). Next, the covering soil 14 having a thickness of 2 to 5 cm, a pH of 5 to 8, and a particle diameter of 4 mm or more is placed on the covering soil 13. As the covering soil 14, weave soil excellent in water retention and drainage is used. Kanuma soil or the like may be used instead of the soil. When the pH of the covering soil 14 is other than pH 5 to 8 due to causes such as rainwater, the pH is adjusted by mixing, for example, bitter earth or lime, or by spraying neutral water or the like. The appropriate amount of fine particles adhering to the covering soil 14 includes mineral components necessary for the formation of fruit bodies. Since these are washed off to the height of the upper surface of the fungus bed 12 by watering, it is not necessary to remove them.

Thereafter, water in the temperature range (10 to 28 ° C.) having a pH of 6 to 7 and suitable for growing mycelium of Hatake shimeji is sufficiently sprayed until soil-mixed water does not come out from the drain port 10a. Hereinafter, the water of this condition is used as the water for each watering.
Subsequently, the planter 10 in which the fungus bed 12 is embedded is placed in a generation chamber equipped with watering equipment, a drainage device, and a ventilation device. The indoor environment is a temperature suitable for growth of the fruiting body (for example, 19 ° C.), a humidity of about 60% or more, an illuminance of 500 to 1500 lux, preferably about 800 lux, 24 hours of illumination, and a CO ₂ concentration of 1500 ppm or less. At this time, the indoor humidity is preferably about 60% or more. However, it is not necessary to set the humidity in particular, but care must be taken because mold and other germs are generated in the room when the humidity exceeds 90%. In the autumn or spring season, a simple generation room such as a pipe house with a light shielding net (light shielding ratio of 60 to 80%) can be used.

  Thereafter, watering management is performed on the planter 10. Sprinkling management at intervals of 1 to 7 days (depending on facility environment, rainfall, etc.) is performed, and the covering soil 13 and the covering soil 14 are maintained near neutrality (pH 6 to 7). In this way, fruit bodies are generated by sufficiently supplying water and discharging waste products accompanying hyphal growth. Usually, the fruiting of the fruiting body begins about 18 to 23 days after the implantation. Although sprinkling continues even after sprouting, care should be taken not to strike the covering soil 14 with water by reducing the sprinkling holes.

However, on the day before (or two days before the planned harvest), the amount of water spray is increased to the extent that the fruit body is not damaged, and the covering soil 13 and covering soil 14 attached to the surface of the fruit body are removed as much as possible. After the occurrence of fruiting bodies, the size becomes harvestable (for example, 200 to 250 g) in about 7 to 14 days. A second harvest can be expected 40 to 60 days after harvest. Depending on the microbial bed 12, the third and subsequent generations are possible. In addition, the water temperature at the time of watering is suitable for 17-19 degrees C or less in which a fruit body is formed.
When harvesting, use a transplanting iron to dig up the entire stock. The stock remaining in the soil is surely removed, and if there is a hole, the covering soil 14 is replenished.

  In the following, we report the test results when actually conducting the cultivation test of Hatake-shimeji by applying the conventional method and the present invention method. The test was performed a total of three times. The first test shown in Table 1 was conducted during the period from September 22, 2003 to November 30, 2003. The second test shown in Table 2 and the third test shown in Table 3 were conducted during the period from October 7, 2003 to December 12, 2003, respectively.

(Composition of fungus bed)
In the first test and the second test, a mixture of commercial bark compost and broad-leaved sawdust was mixed at a ratio of 5: 3 (volume ratio) as a medium base material for Hatake shimeji mycelium. Then, the culture medium base material and the nutrient source (special bran) of Hatake Shimeji mycelium were mixed at a volume ratio of 5: 1. Furthermore, 1% by weight of bamboo powder charcoal is added to the mixture of the medium base material and the nutrient source, and an appropriate amount of tap water is added to produce a culture soil for a fungus bed with a moisture content of about 60%. did. On the other hand, in the third test, instead of the first broad-leaved sawdust, broad-leaved sawdust was adopted, and the others were the same as in the second test. Each of the obtained media was sterilized in a high-pressure sterilization pot at 121 ° C. for 60 minutes.
As the inoculum, a registered variety (Yamaguchi TOJI 932) of Hatake Shimeji in Yamaguchi Prefecture was used. The culture conditions were a room temperature of 22 ° C. (± 2 ° C.) and a humidity of about 65%. Under these conditions, the mycelium was cultured by leaving it in the dark for 90 days.

In Tables 1 to 3, symbols indicating the covering soil and the covering soil are as follows.
A is a mixture of small red cereal grains and a small amount of Hyuga soil in a volume ratio of 2: 1 (however, when mixed, red crust breaks up into particles of 4 mm or less), B is a medium grain of rust, C is Small grain of earth soil, D is fine grain of earth soil, E is small grain of earth soil dried by hot air after rainwater deposition, F is a mixture of E earth and bitter earth in a volume ratio of 1: 1, G is commercially available Bark compost, H is obtained by removing F from the F soil through a 2 × 2 mm mesh screen. In addition, a medium particle means a particle size of 7 to 13 mm, a small particle means a particle size of 4 to 7 mm, and a fine particle means a particle size of less than 4 mm. The weight of B before use is 725 g / liter. In Tables 1 and 2, the numerical values in parentheses in the column for the pH of the covering soil and the column for the pH of the covering soil indicate each pH after spraying neutral water. This is because in the covering soil and covering soil that are acidified by the waste products accompanying the growth of rainwater and mycelia, by spraying neutral water, (1) the covering soil and covering soil in the vicinity of the neutral until near after the cultivation In order to clarify the point to be maintained and (2) the point where the covered soil and covering soil outside the pH range of 5 to 8 are neutralized to near neutrality before use by using neutral water. It is a description.

(Cultivation environment and management of Hatake Shimeji)
In the first test, a shading net having a light shielding rate of 60% was housed in a pipe house that was lined up, and Hatake shimeji was grown. Here, it was carried out in an environment where it was exposed to rain water and watering was performed. The pH of rainwater was 4.3 to 5.8, and the pH of watering was about 6.8.
In the second and third tests, Hatake shimeji was grown in a glass chamber lined with a light-shielding net (light-shielding rate 65%). In this case, watering is performed but rainwater is not received.

The contents of the survey are the number of test samples of Hatake-Shimeji, the number of occurrence of Hatake-Shimeji, the period from the embedding of the fungus bed to the emergence (hereinafter referred to as the germination period), the number of fruiting bodies (hereinafter referred to as the number) and the standard deviation value (hereinafter SD). ), The generated weight of the fruit body (hereinafter, weight), its SD, and the degree of soil adhesion to the fruit body. Of these, the degree of soil adhesion was determined with the naked eye.
In addition, the number of fruit bodies counted only those having an umbrella diameter of 1 cm or more, and the weight of the fruit bodies was measured by cutting from the middle of the handle.
The numerical values of the pH of the covering soil and the pH of the covering soil were investigated in the order before use and after cultivation (among them, no numerical value was not measured).

In Table 1, in Comparative Example 4, only one fruit body was generated out of 10 tests, and the results were the worst. This is probably because too much fine bitter soil was mixed in, and the mycelium could not grow to the ground using the space between the grains of the coated soil (hereinafter, the cause is excluded from the description of the results).
In the sprouting period, Test Examples 1 and 2 were the shortest and stable. In contrast, Comparative Example 2 was slightly longer, and Comparative Example 3 had the longest budding period.
The number of fruiting bodies was the largest in Comparative Example 2, but the variation was the largest and there were many fruiting bodies with small umbrella diameters. In Table 1, the variation in the number of occurrences was smallest in Test Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Example 4 had the smallest number of occurrences of fruiting bodies.

The weight of the fruit body was large in Test Example 1 and Comparative Example 5.
Thus, although Test Examples 1 and 2 generate almost the same number, the reason why Test Example 1 is heavier is that the particle size of the coated soil used in Test Example 2 is larger than that in Test Example 1. This is thought to be due to the fact that the diameter of the fruit body was relatively small.
There were few adhesion soil of a fruit body in Test Examples 1-3 compared with the other Comparative Examples 1-5.

  In Table 2, the sprouting period was the shortest and stable in Test Example 4. The number of fruiting bodies was the highest in Comparative Example 7, but the variation was also large. The variation was smallest in Test Example 4. The weight of the fruiting body was clearly larger in Test Example 4 than in Comparative Examples 6-8. The amount of soil adhering to the fruit body was clearly small in Test Example 4 and Comparative Example 8.

In Table 3, the germination period was the shortest and stable in Test Example 5. Moreover, although the number of fruit bodies was the most in Comparative Examples 9 and 10, the variation was also large. Test Example 5 has the smallest variation. The weight of the fruiting body was the largest in Test Example 5. There were clearly fewer adhering soils of fruit bodies in Test Example 5 and Comparative Example 11 than in the other cases.
As is clear from the above results, the cultivation rate under the conditions of the cover soil A and the cover soil B of Test Examples 1, 4 and 5 is higher than that under the other conditions, and the sprouting rate of Hatake shimeji is higher than the fungus bed. Harvesting the fruit body of Hatake-Shimeji, which has excellent quality, has little soil on the fruit body, has a constant number and size of fruit body per share, and has a high commercial value in a short period of time. I was able to.

It is a flow sheet of the cultivation method of Hatake shimeji concerning Example 1 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

10 cultivation container,
12 fungus beds,
13 Covering soil
14 Covered soil.

Claims (1)

In the cultivation method of Hatake shimeji cultivating the above-mentioned Hatake shimeji indoors by burying the fungus bed of Hatake shimeji in a cultivation container having drainage by covering with soil,
Putting the fungus bed on the cultivation container, and then putting the covering soil in the cultivation container until the height of the surface of the covering soil and the surface of the fungus bed is equal,
Then, a covering step of covering the covering soil with a covering soil having a water permeability of pH 5 to 8 and a particle diameter of 4 mm or more,
The covering soil is a cultivation method of Hatake shimeji mushroom, which is a soil produced in Miyazaki Prefecture .

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