JP2015181413A - Indoor artificial cultivation method for leucopaxillus giganteus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an indoor artificial cultivation method for generating Leucopaxillus giganteus with high quality every year continuously and stably.SOLUTION: A plurality of mushroom beds of subdivided Leucopaxillus giganteus is mixed or contacted and they are with materials for embedding fungus in the container. A mycelial pellet is arranged away from at least one face of a container inner wall by a given distance in view of the upper surface of the container. The atmosphere in the container is maintained below 20°C, and the spawn is grown. Then, after maintaining the atmosphere at a higher temperature than the temperature at which the spawn was grown, the atmosphere in the container is maintained in below 20°C again.

Description

  The present invention relates to an indoor artificial cultivation method for giant mushrooms. In particular, the present invention relates to an indoor artificial cultivation method that makes it possible to stably generate mushroom bamboo throughout the year.

The giant mushroom is a mushroom belonging to the genus Lepidoptera, which is a large white mushroom that appears in the cedar or bamboo forest in early autumn. It is effective as an edible mushroom with no flavor (Non-Patent Document 1). It is also used as a raw material for medicines, health foods, etc. (Patent Document 1).
As a method for artificial cultivation of mushroom bamboo, the inventors mixed rice bran or other nutrients or additives with a support such as bark compost or sawdust and filled it in a cultivation bag to sterilize it. Inoculated and cultured in a room adjusted to a certain temperature and humidity. After the mycelium spreads throughout the medium, the mycelium is removed from the bag, and it is embedded in a cedar or bamboo forest and a fruiting body is generated after 1 to 2 years. (Non-Patent Document 2).

  However, these are intended to promote the development of fruiting bodies from previously cultured fungal beds, and if the conditions of the place where the fungal bed is embedded are good, fruiting bodies may be generated every year. The generation of fruiting bodies ends as the organic matter decreases, and the place where the fungus bed is embedded is limited to the cedar forest or bamboo forest, and the generation time is limited to early autumn.

  On the other hand, as an indoor cultivation method by embedding fungus beds of Hatake shimeji, the fungus bed in which mycelia spread is transferred to a container with good drainage, and the fungus bed is covered with a water-permeable covering material, and then sprayed to spray the covering material. A method of generating a fruiting body by maintaining a wet state (Patent Document 2), or a method of containing a corrosive material as an embedding material and having a volume of the embedding material greater than or equal to the volume of the embedded fungus bed (patent Reference 3) has been reported.

  However, there is a problem that the indoor cultivation method of Hatake-shimeji cannot be applied directly because the growth environment is different between the giant mushroom and hatake-shimeji. For example, there is a problem that even when a mycelium in which mycelia are widespread is used or when the volume of the embedding material containing a corrosive material is equal to or larger than the volume of the fungus bed, fruit bodies are not generated.

JP 2011-50350 A JP 2000-308415 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-112331

Rokuya Imanoseki and Tsuguo Hongo: Primary Colors of New Fungi Encyclopedia (1), Childcare Company, 1987 Chubu Forestry Research Papers No. 50: 179-180, 2002

A large amount of hyphae is required to generate a large amount of hyacinthus mushrooms in the field cultivation method of generating mushrooms by embedding mushroom beds in forests. There was a problem that the size of the bag for production, its sterilization method, prolonged culture period, degradation of mycelia due to this, and so on, could not be continuously cultivated.
The present invention has been made to cope with such problems. In an indoor artificial cultivation method for generating mushrooms by embedding a fungus bed, a high-quality mallow It aims at providing the cultivation method which makes it possible to generate a bamboo.

The method of indoor artificial cultivation of the mushroom bamboo of the present invention is to bury the fungus bed of the mushroom bamboo in the material for embedding the fungus containing the humic material held in the container to generate the fruit body indoors. It is characterized by that.
The fungus bed of the mushroom bamboo is mixed or brought into contact with a plurality of subdivided fungus beds of the same mushroom bamboo to hold the mycelia generated from the plurality of fungus beds in the container. It is an integrated mycelium mass made by fusing. Further, the mycelial bed embedding method is characterized in that the mycelial mass is arranged at a predetermined distance from at least one surface of the inner wall surface of the container when the container is viewed from above.
In addition, the indoor artificial cultivation method for the mushroom bamboo is to maintain the container in which the mycelium is embedded in an atmosphere of less than 20 ° C. to grow the mycelia, and then maintain the atmosphere at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the mycelia are grown. After that, the container is again held in an atmosphere of less than 20 ° C.

The corrosive material used in the indoor artificial cultivation method of the giant mushroom is at least one selected from bark compost, humus soil, peat moss, rice husk compost, sawdust compost, and waste bamboo bed.
Further, the mushroom bamboo of the present invention is a mushroom bamboo cultivated by the above cultivation method.

  By the cultivation method of the present invention, it has become possible to artificially cultivate giant mushrooms indoors continuously in a long term.

It is process drawing which shows an example of the indoor artificial cultivation method of a giant mushroom.

The present inventor succeeded for the first time in the autumn of 2000 on the cultivation of giant mushrooms in the forest. However, as with shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, sea cucumbers, etc. Even if the fungus bed cultivation method was used, artificial cultivation of the giant mushroom was not successful.
The present inventor used an air-conditioning cultivation facility by controlling the growth process of mycelia and the occurrence conditions of fruiting bodies based on the experiment of outdoor cultivation of mushrooms in cedar forest and bamboo forest for many years. Artificial cultivation indoors became possible. The present invention is based on such knowledge.

  The indoor artificial cultivation method of the giant mushroom is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an example of an indoor artificial cultivation method for giant mushrooms.

  A fungus bed of the giant mushroom is prepared (FIG. 1 (a)). This fungus bed 1 can be produced by the following method. (1) Prepare a medium, (2) Store the medium in a container, (3) Sterilize the medium if necessary, (4) Inoculate the mushroom bamboo in the medium, (5) Culture It can be manufactured through the process of.

Specific examples of the preparation of the fungus bed include the following methods.
As an example of the medium, for example, 5 to 60 parts by weight of beer lees and 10 to 50 parts by weight of rice bran are mixed with 100 parts by weight of bark compost or sawdust at an absolutely dry mass ratio, and the moisture content is 60 to 68% by weight. The culture medium adjusted to is mentioned.
This medium is stored in a bag or bottle for mushroom cultivation and pasteurized at 120 ° C. for 1-2 hours under high pressure. The medium is completed by cooling after sterilization.
This medium is inoculated with inoculum of the mushroom, and cultured in a room adjusted to a temperature of 5 to 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 60 to 80% until the mycelium sufficiently spreads in the culture medium.
The fungus bed of the mushroom bamboo that can be used in the present invention may be one in which the mycelium of the mushroom bamboo is sufficiently spread in the container, and if the mycelium is sufficiently spread in the container, the above method is used. It is not limited.

  The fungus bed of the mushroom is embedded in the material for embedding bacteria (FIGS. 1B to 1D). As the material 2 for embedding bacteria that can be used in the present invention, it is preferable to use a material for embedding bacteria that contains a corrosive material. Specifically, a material for embedding bacteria containing at least one selected from bark compost, humus soil, peat moss, rice husk compost, sawdust compost, and waste shimeji mushroom bed can be used. Among these, bark compost or Hatake-shimeji mushroom bed is preferred. The material for embedding bacteria may or may not be sterilized, but can be sterilized.

  Bark compost, Hatake-shimeji mushroom bed, Sugiogakuzu, hardwood sawdust are selected as the material for embedding the fungus, and the moisture content of only the material for embedding the fungus is adjusted to a moisture content of about 63% by mass, and the internal volume is about 80% from the bottom of the test tube. Stuffed with materials for embedding the test bacteria. The embedding material is a non-sterile medium. The inoculum of the giant mushroom was inoculated on top of the embedding material. After inoculation with the mushroom inoculum, the cells were cultured under conditions of a temperature of 10 ° C., and the amount of mycelial elongation for 33 days from the third day of inoculation was measured at n = 3. With respect to the amount of hyphal elongation, the length of the hypha extending from the outside of the test tube in the material for embedding the fungus was measured with a straight ruler. The results are shown in Table 1.

Good growth of the mussel mushroom mycelia was seen in the bark compost or the waste bamboo bed. In addition, even when humus, peat moss, and rice husk compost were used instead of bark compost, the growth of the giant mushroom mycelia was observed.

  Using the non-sterilized bark compost, the culture temperature and the amount of mycelial elongation were measured. In the same way as above, the moisture content of bark compost is adjusted to about 63% by mass, and the bark compost is packed from the bottom of the test tube to about 80% of the internal volume. Vaccinated. Then, culture | cultivation temperature was set to 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degreeC, respectively, and the hyphal elongation amount for 33 days was measured like the above from the 3rd day of inoculation. The number of measurements was n = 5. The results are shown in Table 2.

Mycelia grew well without contamination at culture temperatures of 10 ° C. and 15 ° C., but mycelial elongation stopped halfway at culture temperatures of 20 ° C. and higher.

  The fungus-embedding material 2 is accommodated in a container 3 for mushroom cultivation. A normal container such as a plastic case can be used as the container. A shallow rectangular or circular container having a depth suitable for the embedding method described later is preferable. The material of the container is preferably selected from, for example, a plastic case or a metal container, and the container is difficult to dry.

As a method for embedding a mycelia mushroom bed, it is preferable to prepare a mycelial mass by embedding in a material for embedding a fungus by the following method so that the above-cultivated mycelium is sufficiently spread in a container.
The following methods (1) to (3) are preferable methods for preparing a mycelium which is a large microbial bed by fusing mycelium by mixing or contacting the microbial beds prepared in advance as described above. is there.
(1) Put a material for embedding bacteria in a container used for embedding, divide the prepared fungus bed into a plurality of subdivided fungus beds, and make contact with each other in close contact with each other. How to arrange them side by side.
(2) By putting the fungus embedding material 2 in the container 3 used for embedding, placing the fungus bed 1a loosened from the fungus bed, and performing further culture, and the mycelium that have been germinated again are fused together A method for producing a large mat-like fungus bed (FIG. 1 (c)).
(3) In the container used for embedding, put the fungus bed prepared as above and loosened fungus bed or fungus scraps together, and further culture, and the mycelium that have germinated again will fuse. A method for producing a large mat-like fungus bed.

  In either case, the gap between the bacteria beds 1 a embedded in the container 3 is surrounded by the embedding material 2. Therefore, as a specific method of embedding, the mycelium lump is separated from the mycelia bed 1a (FIG. 1 (b)), and the fungus bed 1a that has been loosely spread on the material 2 for embedding the bacteria previously spread in the container 3 is also in close contact. (Fig. 1 (c)). Next, the fungus bed 1a is covered with the material 2 for embedding bacteria (FIG. 1 (d)).

Here, in the fungus bed embedding method of the giant mushroom, it is preferable that the fungus bed 1a is disposed at a predetermined distance t from at least one surface of the inner wall surface 3a of the container 3 when viewed from the upper surface. That is, there is a material for embedding bacteria 2 in which the fungus bed 1a is not arranged in at least one direction of the front / rear / left / right direction instead of the up / down direction of the fungus bed 1a arranged in the container 3. The predetermined distance t is preferably [t / t ₀ = 1/10 to 9/10], where t ₀ is the lateral distance of the container 3. More preferably [t / t ₀ = 6/10 to 8/10]. When the range of the distance t is shorter than 1/10, the growth of mycelia in the lateral direction of the container decreases, and when it exceeds 9/10, the absolute amount of mycelia is small, and it takes time to grow the hyphae. A child entity cannot be expected.

Next, the embedding container 3 is kept at a temperature of less than 20 ° C., preferably 5 to 15 ° C., to encourage the mycelium of the giant mushroom to germinate and fuse, and further cultivate to grow the mycelium (FIG. 1 (e)). The fungus bed becomes an integrated mycelium lb by germination and fusion. Moreover, the growth direction of the mycelium grows in the lateral direction that is the direction of the material for embedding the fungus where the mycelium lump 1b is not arranged.
The period of keeping the atmosphere below 20 ° C. is 1 to 12 months, for example, preferably about 6 to 8 months at a temperature of 5 to 15 ° C., although it depends on the method of embedding bacteria.

  The fruit body does not occur in the giant mushroom when the mycelium is grown. Thereafter, in order to generate fruit bodies of the mushroom, it is important that the grown mycelium is cultivated again at a high temperature and then kept at a low temperature again. Specifically, it is important to maintain the container in an atmosphere of 20 ° C. or more and less than 30 ° C. and then maintain the container in an atmosphere of less than 20 ° C. and a relative humidity of 70% or more.

The process after hyphal growth is shown in FIG. 1 (f) to FIG. 1 (j).
FIG. 1 (f) and FIG. 1 (g) are diagrams showing the state of mycelia when cultured again. By holding the embedded container 3 at a temperature of 20 ° C. for about one month, and then holding it at a temperature of 25 ° C. for about one month, the mycelia are stimulated according to the temperature of the summer to induce primordial formation. To do.

  Thereafter, by moving to an atmosphere of 18 ° C. and relative humidity of 100%, the fruit body 4 of the giant mushroom was generated about two weeks later (FIG. 1 (h) to FIG. 1 (j)). FIG. 1 (h) is a state immediately after moving to an atmosphere of 18 ° C. and relative humidity 100%, and FIGS. 1 (i) and (j) are diagrams showing the occurrence of fruit body 4 of the mushroom. .

Example 1
Preparation of fungus bed:
10 commercially available 2.5 kg mushroom cultivation bags for 2.5 kg are prepared, and 50 parts by mass of beer lees and 24 parts by mass of rice bran are blended in this cultivation bag with 100 parts by mass of bark compost, The culture medium was adjusted to a moisture content of 63% by mass and charged with 2.5 kg of medium and sterilized at 118 ° C. for 90 minutes. After standing to cool, the plant was inoculated with mushroom inoculum and cultured for 75 days in a room adjusted to a temperature of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 70% until the mycelium sufficiently spread. Each completed bacterial bed was taken out from the cultivation bag and loosened.

Embedding fungi and growing into mycelium:
A plastic container with an inner diameter of 700 mm, a width of 360 mm, and a depth of 150 mm was prepared. About 2 liters of bark compost was laid on the bottom of the container, and it was loosened to 2/3 of the lateral length when viewed from the top of the container. Spread 3 kg of Ginkgo biloba bed. Next, using about 8 L of bark compost, the mushroom bed was embedded and cultured at 10 ° C. for 7 months.

Hyphae curing and fruit body development:
Thereafter, the plastic case is kept at a temperature of 20 ° C. for 1 month, and then kept at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 1 month. After that, the plastic case is moved to an atmosphere of 18 ° C. and a relative humidity of 100%. The fruit body of Ginkgo biloba has occurred. A total of 2 fruiting bodies, 610 g of mushroom bamboo, were obtained by indoor artificial cultivation.

Comparative Example 1
In the process of embedding the fungus bed and growing into the mycelium, the mushroom bamboo indoors were constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mushroom bed was loosened over the entire length in the lateral direction as seen from the top of the planter. Artificial cultivation was carried out, but no fruit body of the giant mushroom took place.

Comparative Example 2
In the process of mycelial growth and fruit body generation in Example 1, the container was maintained at a temperature of 20 ° C. for 1 month, and then maintained at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 1 month, followed by 21 ° C. and relative humidity. Even after moving to a 100% atmosphere for 1 month, the fruit body of the giant mushroom did not occur.

  The present invention, which has succeeded for the first time in the indoor artificial cultivation method of the giant mushroom, can be widely used in the mushroom industry because the mushroom bamboo can be cultivated at any time by controlling the indoor environment.

1 Bacteria bed 2 Bacteria embedding material 3 Container 4 Fruit body

Claims (7)

  A method of indoor artificial cultivation of mushroom bamboo, in which the fungus bed of mushroom bamboo is embedded in a fungus embedding material containing a humic material held in a container to generate fruit bodies indoors.   The fungus bed of the mushroom bamboo is a mycelium generated from the plurality of fungus beds by mixing or contacting a plurality of subdivided fungus beds of the same mushroom bamboo together with the material for embedding the fungus in the container The method for indoor artificial cultivation of giant mushroom bamboo according to claim 1, wherein the mycelium is an integrated mycelium mass made by fusing the two.   The indoor artificial cultivation of the giant mushroom bamboo according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mycelium is arranged at a predetermined distance from at least one surface of the inner wall of the container when the container is viewed from above. Method.   The container in which the mycelium is embedded is maintained in an atmosphere of less than 20 ° C. to grow mycelia, and then maintained in an atmosphere higher than the temperature at which the mycelium is grown, and then the container is again placed in an atmosphere of less than 20 ° C. The method for indoor artificial cultivation of the giant mushroom bamboo according to claim 1, wherein the method is held.   The said corrosive material is at least 1 sort (s) chosen from bark compost, humus, peat moss, rice husk compost, sawdust compost, Hatake shimeji mushroom waste bed, and any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. Indoor artificial cultivation method of the giant mushroom bamboo.   The method for indoor artificial cultivation of giant mushrooms according to claim 5, wherein the corrosive material is sterilized.   The giant mushroom bamboo cultivated by the indoor artificial cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.