JP5052066B2 - Shiitake mushroom bed growth method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a stage in which a fruiting body is formed from a stage in which a base of a fungal bed of the same cultivar prepared by culturing separately or a highly similar cultivar is formed in the culture process of shiitake fungus bed cultivation. The present invention relates to a method for growing a shiitake fungus bed, in which any of the above tissues are partially transplanted and mushrooms are generated at an arbitrary timing from an arbitrary position.

In Shiitake mushroom bed cultivation, (1) the stage of the medium, (2) the stage of inoculating the medium with the fungus, (3) the stage where the fungus is primarily spread, (4) the stage where the origin of the primordial is formed, ( 5) Stages where primordial formation is formed, (6) Stages of germination, (7) Stages where larvae are formed, (8) Stages of mushroom maturation, about 120 days in total Took days.
On the other hand, for example, there was no idea of what would happen if the fungus bed of the stage (5) in which the primordial growth was already formed was transplanted to the fungus bed of the primary spread stage (3).
It is presumed that the following way of thinking was common in the past,
(A) Mushroom fungi extend mycelia into the medium, decompose and decay the medium, and absorb nutrients. This is generally referred to as “vegetative mycelium”, and the physiological function of vegetative mycelium differentiates into invading hyphae (mainly involved in absorption and accumulation of nutrients) and aerial hyphae (mainly involved in fruiting body formation) during the growth process. That is considered (Non-Patent Document 1).
(B) In the case of basidiomycetes such as shiitake mushroom, the condition for generating fruit bodies from vegetative mycelium is that preparation for fruiting body formation is completed inside the flora (mycelium aggregate), and further fruiting body formation is possible It is considered that the occurrence of child bodies starts when placed in environmental conditions (Non-Patent Document 2).
(C) The vegetative hypha flora is said to play the role of a nutrition supply center that measures the adjustment to transfer the stored supplies to the fruit body when the fruit body is induced (non-patent literature) 3).
Based on the indications such as.
In other words, mushroom maturation requires a stage of growth through each of the above stages (1) to (8). It is presumed that the general idea that normal fruiting body growth cannot be achieved even if transplanted with.
As a result, the culture period takes a considerably long time, and the rotation efficiency of the cultivation facility is deteriorated. In addition, because it is difficult to generate mushrooms from any limited position, it is difficult to take a method that requires reliable generation from a certain place, such as bottle cultivation, and the width of the cultivation style is narrowed. I left a point.
Mushroom study: 84 pages edited by Hisahiko Furukawa Mushroom study: edited by Hisahiko Furukawa, p. 89 Mushroom studies: edited by Hisahiko Furukawa, page 101

However, the present inventor conducted an experiment based on the above-mentioned idea, and the mycelium of two stages having different growth stages between the hyphae on the side to be transplanted and the hyphae on the side to be transplanted in the following conditions were fixed under certain conditions. When combined below, it has been found that some tissue fusion occurs between the two stages of the fungal bed and that they are interrelated and promote the growth of fruiting bodies properly. As a result, the present invention has developed a method for shortening the culture period and generating mushrooms at an arbitrary place.

In order to achieve the above object, a method for growing a shiitake fungus bed according to claim 1,
(A) Prepare two types of fungal beds, a fungus bed on the side to be transplanted and a fungus bed on the side to be transplanted, and (b) start cultivation of the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted in advance, The stage where the base of the primordium is formed, the stage where the primordium is formed, the stage where germination occurs, or the stage where the juvenile body is formed. Cultivation is started later than the transplanted fungus bed, and when the transplanted fungus bed is near the end of the primary infestation stage of the mycelium, the preceding transplanted stage of any of the preceding stages Taking out the tissue of the mycelium, implanting the tissue into the transplanted mycelium, and fusing the mycelium of the transplanting side with the hyphae of the transplanted side so that moisture and nutrients can be supplied, (d) It is characterized by germinating and aging mushrooms from the above-extracted fungus tissue To.
The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that the surface tissue of the bacterial bed on the side to be transplanted is implanted into the bacterial bed at a desired position on the side to be transplanted.
In the invention according to claim 3, when the transplanted microbial bed site includes a mature primordium, 1 to 10 days immediately before the transplantation and / or 1 to 10 days after the transplantation is 25 ° C. or more. It is characterized by managing at a temperature of
In the invention according to claim 4, when the microbial bed site to be transplanted is a tissue in the middle of primordium formation, the culture management is performed until the primordium is formed at the transplant site in the temperature range of 15 to 24 ° C. after the transplantation. It is characterized by continuing.

It is possible to greatly shorten the culture period of the fungus bed by transplanting the fungus bed of any stage from the formation stage to the larval body stage based on the primordial precedent to the fungus stage of the primary primary stage that follows. As a result, the utilization turnover rate of the cultivation facility can be improved, and the depreciation cost and running cost of the equipment can be reduced. Furthermore, it is possible to promote the occurrence of mushrooms from an arbitrary position, so it is possible to adjust the size and volume of the mushrooms by controlling the number of mushrooms that are produced by bag cultivation, and it has been considered difficult in the past. Applications such as finding the possibility of cultivating bottles of Tekitoshitake are expected.

The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, two types of fungal beds, that is, a fungus bed on the side to be transplanted and a fungal bed on the side to be transplanted, are prepared.
The fungus bed on the side to be transplanted starts cultivation in advance, and in the following cultivation process, (4) from the stage where the primordial base is formed, (7) the juvenile entity is formed It refers to any of the fungal beds in the stages (4), (5), (6), and (7) up to the stage.
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, in Shiitake fungus bed cultivation, (1) a stage in which a medium is prepared, (2) a stage in which the medium is inoculated, (3) a stage in which the fungus is primarily spread, (4) raw The stage where the base is formed, (5) The stage where the primordium is formed, (6) The stage where germination occurs from the primordia, (7) The stage where the juvenile body is formed, (8) Mushrooms mature There are stages of growth. Among these, the transplanted bacterial bed refers to any of the bacterial beds at each stage from the bacterial bed in which the primordial base is formed to the bacterial bed in which the larvae are formed.
On the other hand, the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted is prepared separately from the fungus bed and is cultivated downstream (delayed) from the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted. This refers to a fungus bed having a tissue when it is near the end of the spreading stage (3) (see FIG. 1). At this time, the range of the stage (3) in which the mycelium is primarily spread means not only when the spread of the fungi is completed, but also includes a wide range around the end.

Specifically, the bacterial bed on the transplanting side uses a cultivation bag in which a filter is attached to a polypropylene bag in a cultivation container, and a medium is molded into a square shape having a width of 20 cm, a length of 12 cm, a height of 17 cm and a weight of about 2700 g. Then, sterilization, cooling, and inoculation were performed by a conventional method. As the inoculum, Kitaken 600 (registered as a variety for cultivating fungus beds) was used. The culture was initially controlled at 20 ° C. ± 1 ° C. for 100 days, and then at 25 ° C. for 5 days.

On the other hand, the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted starts cultivation 75 days after the follow-up to the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted, and 750 cc of medium is filled in a wide-mouth bottle for mushroom cultivation, sterilized and cooled by a conventional method, Inoculated. Kitaken No. 600 was used as the inoculum. The culture was controlled at 20 ° C. ± 1 ° C.

Then, after 30 days from the start of cultivation of the transplanted fungus bed, a part of the surface tissue of the transplanted fungus bed was cut out in a size of 2 cm cubic. The cut piece was implanted into the center of the mouth of the Bacteria floor to be transplanted, and transplanted.
At this time, it is desirable to perform transplantation with the upper surface of the section, that is, the fungus bed surface portion up.

After transplanting, the cells were allowed to elapse for 5 days at 25 ° C. to promote the mycelial fusion, and then the germination was stimulated in an environment of 15 ° C. and the growth was controlled.
Here, the fusion of mycelia refers to a state in which hyphae on the side to be transplanted and hyphae on the side to be transplanted are connected in some relationship, and moisture and nutrients can be supplied from the hyphae on the side transplanted to the hyphae on the side to be transplanted. Say.

As a result, the transplanted fungus bed receives the supply of moisture and nutrients from the transplanted fungus bed and germinates after 3 days from the temperature setting of 15 ° C., and after 12 days, the germination time is slightly increased. Although variation was observed, the growth of mushrooms was confirmed from the transplant site in almost all cultivation bottles, and the growth was mature mushrooms with an average weight of 38.0 g and an average diameter of 7.3 cm.
That is, the cultivation period on the transplanted side was able to be harvested 47 days after the start, and the period until harvesting, which normally requires about 120 days, was harvested in 47 days. The time to harvest was reduced by about 73 days.

As is clear from the above results, it has been demonstrated that tissues in which shiitake primordia are formed can be transplanted to a separately cultured medium and mushrooms can be generated from any position in a short culture period. It was.
That is, as described above, mushroom growth involves the stages (1) to (8) described above, and mushroom maturation requires each stage to be grown step by step. The general idea is that normal fruit bodies will not grow even if a method that does not follow the order, such as transplanting mushroom primordia to immature vegetative mycelium without stepping on the stage, is carried out. It was.
However, it has been demonstrated here that the tissue in which the shiitake primordia are formed can grow even if transplanted to a primary infectious medium cultured separately.
This is because the mycelium on the side to be transplanted and the hyphae on the side to be transplanted are connected in some way, and the fusion of mycelia in this sense is promoted, and moisture and nutrients are transferred from the hyphae on the side to be transplanted to the hyphae on the side to be transplanted. This is probably because the growth of the hyphae on the transplanting side is promoted within a short period of time.
This can be applied not only to the tissue where the primordium is formed, but also to the stage where the primordium is formed, the stage where germination occurs from the primordium, and the stage where the larvae are formed as described later. It is.

Further, in the above cultivation, the surface tissue taken out from the bacterial bed on the transplanting side can be planted at an arbitrary position on the transplanting side, for example, at the center of the mouth mouth of the bottle convenient for harvesting.
In other words, in the present invention, it is possible to germinate an indeterminate position at any desired position in the present invention simply by leaving the germination position to the primordial formation state.

The fungus bed used in the present invention is not limited to the same type as that of the transplanted side and the transplanted side of the fungus, but it is also a variety with high similarity that allows the mycelia to be fused together. It may be.

In addition, the bed of bacteria to be transplanted is, in principle, a solid bed, but it may be broken up by hand so as to have a granular shape of loose rice grains. In this way, the mycelium is once cut, activated in the process of regeneration, the hyphal density increases, and the contact with air is promoted. At that time, if the broken fungus bed is packed in a relatively small container so as to have a volume corresponding to the number of mushrooms to be generated, the necessary nutrients can be appropriately supplied according to the number of mushrooms.

<Combination of the stage where the source of the primordial base is formed and the primary infestation bed>
The microbial bed on the transplanting side has the same cultivation conditions as in the above-described embodiment, except that the culture is initially managed at 20 ° C. ± 1 ° C. for 75 days, and is in a stage state where the primordial base is formed. .
On the other hand, the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted starts cultivation after 45 days following the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted, and the others are the same as in the above embodiment, and the stage where the primary spread of the mycelium is completed State.
Then, after 30 days from the start of cultivation of the transplanted fungus bed, a part of the surface tissue of the transplanted fungus bed was transplanted in the same manner as in the above embodiment.
After transplantation, the cells were managed at 20 ° C. ± 1 ° C. for 25 days, and then at 15 ° C. for 12 days.
As a result, 37 days after transplantation, mature mushrooms with an average individual weight of 35.2 g and an average diameter of 7.5 cm grow, and the growth period is usually about 120 days, and the period until harvest is 67 days. Was shortened to.

<Combination of germinated bacterial bed and primary spread of bacterial bed>
The microbial bed on the transplanting side has the same cultivation conditions as in the above embodiment, except that the culture was initially managed at 20 ° C. ± 1 ° C. for 100 days and then at 15 ° C. for 3 days and germinated from the primordium. It was in a stage state.
On the other hand, the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted starts cultivation after 73 days following the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted, and the others are the same as in the above embodiment, and the stage where the primary spread of the mycelium is completed It was in a state.
Then, after 30 days from the start of cultivation of the transplanted fungus bed, a part of the surface tissue of the transplanted fungus bed was transplanted in the same manner as in the above embodiment.
It managed for 9 days at 15 degreeC after transplantation.
As a result, 9 days after transplantation, mature mushrooms grew slightly but with an average individual weight of 29.0 g and an average diameter of 6.7 cm, and the growth period was normally about 120 days until harvest. Was shortened to 39 days.

<Combination of fungal bed with juvenile body and primary spreading bed>
The microbial bed on the transplanting side has the same cultivation conditions as in the above embodiment, except that the culture is initially managed at 20 ° C. ± 1 ° C. for 100 days and then at 15 ° C. for 7 days and germinated from the primordium. Furthermore, it was set as the stage state which had the infant body.
On the other hand, the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted starts cultivation after 77 days following the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted, and the others are the same as in the above embodiment, and the stage where the primary spread of the mycelium is completed State.
Then, after 30 days from the start of cultivation of the transplanted bacterial bed, the surface tissue of the transplanted bacterial bed was transplanted in the same manner as in the above embodiment.
After transplantation, the cells were managed at 15 ° C. for 5 days.
As a result, 5 days after transplantation, mature mushrooms grew slightly but with an average individual weight of 28.0 g and an average diameter of 6.5 cm, and the growth period was normally about 120 days until harvest. Was shortened to 35 days.

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the cultivation period in cultivation of fungus bed shiitake can be greatly shortened, and mushrooms can be generated from any position. In addition to being able to systematically harvest the target quantity from a specific location in Japan, it is possible to expect a wide range of applications such as finding the possibility of shiitake bin cultivation, which has been considered difficult in the past. It is a cultivation method of shiitake fungus bed that can be used for quality improvement.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the correspondence of the bacteria bed of the side to be transplanted and the side to be transplanted.

Claims (2)

Prepare two types of fungus beds, one to be transplanted and the other to be transplanted,
Start cultivation of the fungus bed on the side to be transplanted in advance, enter a stage of germination of the fungus bed, and a stage where a juvenile entity is formed,
On the other hand, when the cultivation is started after delaying the transplanted mycelia bed from the transplanting bed, and when the transplanted mycelia bed is near the end of the primary infestation stage, Take out the tissue of the transplanted mycelium of any stage, implant the tissue into the transplanted mycelium, and fuse the hyphae of the transplanted side with the hyphae of the transplanted side so that moisture and nutrients Is ready to be supplied
A method for growing a shiitake fungus bed, characterized in that mushrooms are germinated and matured from the taken-up fungus bed tissue.   2. The method for growing a shiitake fungus bed according to claim 1, wherein the surface tissue of the fungus bed on the transplanting side is implanted at a desired position on the transplanting side.