JPH10225229A - Mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mushroom cultivation method capable of harvesting the mushrooms of high quality in a short period with an excellent yield. SOLUTION: First spawn is inoculated to a culture medium filled inside a cultivation bottle 1 and cultured under a prescribed environment (culture process). A prepared second hypha rooted culture medium 6 by second spawn is raked out from the cultivation bottle 8 and fed on the first hypha rooted culture medium 5 for which the hyphae are spread in the culture medium, the surface of the first hypha rooted culture medium 5 is covered, the second hypha rooted culture medium 6 is pushed in and it is compression molded (spawn grafting process). Thus, a fruit body provided with the property of the second spawn grows with the first hypha rooted culture medium 5 as a base mushroom bed and the mushrooms of the high quality are obtained in the short period with the excellent yield.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to enoki mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms,
The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms such as shimeji mushrooms and nametake mushrooms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Artificial cultivation of mushrooms includes cultivation of shiitake mushrooms using raw wood and cultivation of enoki mushrooms using cultivation bottles. In recent years, cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in cultivation bottles has also been performed.

[0003] In a mushroom cultivation method using a cultivation bottle (cultivation container), a seed medium is inoculated into a culture medium (culture medium) filled in the cultivation bottle, and the cultivation bottle is placed in a growth room mainly controlled in temperature and humidity. It is cultivated in a laid-back condition. In general, a medium in which a seed fungus is inoculated to form a bed is a mixture of sawdust and rice bran. After packing the culture medium in the cultivation bottle, heat sterilization treatment is performed and then a desired inoculum is inoculated. In the enoki mushroom cultivation, the cultivation bottle inoculated with the inoculum is grown at a temperature of 13-20.
It is kept in an environment at 70 ° C. and a humidity of 70 to 80%, and cultured for about 20 days until the mycelium is activated in the medium (culturing step). In the state where the mycelia of the enoki mushroom spread so as to spread throughout the entire medium, the fungus on the upper surface of the medium is scraped, and after removing old aged hyphae and aerial hyphae on the bacterial bed surface, the temperature is 12 to 15 °.
C. The seedlings are sprouted under an environment of a humidity of 85 to 95% for about one week (germination step). After that, in order to obtain good quality mushrooms having a uniform growth process, the elongation of the fruiting body is made uniform by performing environmental stimulus suppression such as ventilation suppression or light suppression on the fruiting body at the early growth stage, and then the temperature is increased. 6 ° C, humidity
After growing in a 70% environment for 2-3 weeks, harvesting is performed (growing process). Therefore, the cultivation period of Enoki mushroom is 6-7.
Weeks.

As described above, the cycle of artificial cultivation of mushrooms such as enoki mushrooms is in the order of cultivation step, germination step, and growth step. Therefore, in order to shorten the cultivation period and increase the yield, It is necessary that each of the above steps be performed promptly without a sickle. On the other hand, as a market trend in recent years, demand has tended to be gathered for higher quality mushrooms.

[0005]

The inoculum of mushrooms can be roughly classified into varieties with excellent vegetative growth (fine varieties) and varieties with excellent reproductive growth (thick varieties). .
The inoculum excellent in vegetative growth has a strong hyphal activity, so that it spreads quickly in the mycelial medium and has a short culture period. Moreover, the culture condition is good. However, since it has a strong tendency to stay in the state of mycelium forever, it is difficult to sprout from the entire surface of the fungal bed, and the yield is poor. on the other hand,
A seed bacterium with excellent reproductive growth has a strong tendency to become a fruit body at an early stage, and the fruit body germinates from the whole bacterial bed surface, so that a high yield can be expected. However, there is a drawback that it is difficult to obtain high-quality mushrooms because the bacteria surrounding is poor and nutrients in the medium are hardly absorbed by the fruiting bodies. For this reason, as a practical inoculum used for mushroom cultivation, a variety having a proper distribution of vegetative growth and reproductive growth has been selected. Therefore, in mushroom cultivation, there is a strong trade-off between high quality and high yield and forcing.

[0006] In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivation method capable of harvesting high quality mushrooms in a short period of time with good yield.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the means taken by the present invention is an epoch-making cultivation method in which seeds of different varieties are inoculated with each other. That is, the present invention provides a culture step of inoculating a first inoculum into a culture medium filled in a mushroom cultivation container and culturing the mycelia until the mycelium is activated in the culture medium, and a first mycelium obtained by the culture step. A grafting step in which a prepared second mycelium-activated medium of the second inoculum prepared in advance is placed on the surface of the activated medium, and this is compressed toward the first mycelium-activated medium. It is characterized by comprising.

The first hyphae-activated medium in which the hyphae of the first inoculum has been activated is filled with the mycelium of the second inoculum (the second hyphae-activated medium) and grafted.
Since the fruiting body having the property of the second inoculum grows on the first hyphal activated medium as a bed, the first and second fungal species are contradictory varieties. However, these peculiar properties are complemented and utilized, and high-quality mushrooms can be harvested in a short period of time with high yield.

For example, the first inoculum is vegetatively growing (cellular)
When the second inoculum is a reproductive and viable (thick system) inoculum, the hyphae of the first inoculum having strong hyphae vigor quickly spread in the medium, and a good seed bed (first inoculation) Is formed. Then, the surface of the first mycelium-activated medium is scraped and coated with a second prepared mycelium-activated medium, and the first mycelium-activated medium is removed from the surface side of the second mycelium-activated medium. And compress it. After going through such a grafting process, the first hypha and the second mycelium are eventually formed.
With the mycelium. Since the second inoculum has a property of becoming a fruit body at an early stage, it germinates at an early stage after the grafting step, and absorbs nutrients from the hyphae that has spread sufficiently by the first inoculum to grow. Therefore, the quality is good and the yield is high. In addition, since the cultivation period of the first inoculum is short and the growth of the fruiting body is fast, the cultivation period can be shortened.

[0010] In the cultivation method including the grafting step, it is preferable that the air permeability in the mushroom cultivation container is kept higher after the grafting step than during the culturing step. After the grafting step, since the carbon dioxide gas emitted from the first and second hyphae is discharged and oxygen is satisfactorily discharged, the reproductive power of the first and second hyphae is activated, and the hyphae are bound (grafting fungus). ), Which contributes to further shortening of the cultivation period.

[0011] In addition, when an additive such as a nutrient or a gas treating agent is introduced into the mushroom cultivation container during the grafting step, it is effective in promoting the growth of mycelia into fruiting bodies. In addition, the cultivation period can be shortened and high quality can be achieved.

[0012]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 to 5 are explanatory diagrams showing the procedure of the mushroom cultivation method according to the present embodiment, and common portions are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In the mushroom cultivation method of this embodiment, first, FIG.
As shown in the figure, a cultivation bottle 1 with a volume of 800cc and a bottle diameter of 52mm
The inside of the medium is filled with a medium 2 by a usual method, and subjected to a heat sterilization treatment. Then, one inoculation hole 3 is formed substantially in the center of the medium 2. Subsequently, the first culture medium 2 having the inoculation hole 3 is provided.
Is inoculated, but some of the inoculants 4 fall into the inoculation hole 3, so that the inoculum 4 is thrown in until it finally covers the upper side of the inoculation hole 3. Then, a cap 7 made of kraft paper having air permeability is placed over the opening of the cultivation bottle 1 and cultured in a predetermined environment (primary culturing step).

Here, the first inoculum 4 is a fine enoki mushroom species. The culture medium filled in the culture bottle 1 is a culture medium composed of sawdust and rice bran, and is a mixture of sawdust ratio of 3 and rice bran ratio of 1 ratio.

In the present example, the inoculation hole 3 reaching the lower part of the cultivation bottle 1 is drilled in the approximate center of the culture medium 2, so that the hyphae of the inoculum 4 can pass through the cultivation bottle 1 through the inoculation hole 3.
Breeds almost uniformly from the upper side to the lower side of Also,
Since the culture medium 2 is in a softly packed state capable of piercing the inoculation hole 3, the mycelium can easily spread in the culture medium 2 and shorten the culture period required for forming the first hyphal activated medium. Can be.

The mycelium of the first inoculum 4 is 20
It will be almost infested in the medium 2 by the schedule, but after that, the culture is continued for a while, and the grafting is performed 23 days after the inoculation. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the second mycelium-activated medium 6 with the second inoculum is transferred from another cultivation bottle 8 so as to cover the surface of the first mycelium-activated medium 5 with the first inoculum 4. Scoop out and throw in. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, using a press machine 10 corresponding to the opening diameter of the cultivation bottle 1,
The surface of the second mycelium-activated medium 6 is pushed in and compressed toward the first mycelium-activated medium 5 (the grafting step).

Here, the second mycelium-activated medium 6 is prepared in advance in accordance with this grafting step.
The medium filled in the cultivation bottle 8 is inoculated with a second inoculum, a fungus of a large enoki mushroom species, and cultured.

In this grafting step, as shown in FIG. 4, the cap 9 covering the opening of the cultivation bottle 1 has a higher air permeability (vent hole) than the cap 7 used in the primary culture step. (The number of cells is large), and then culture under a predetermined environment (secondary culture step). By this grafting process,
Hyphae of the second inoculum spread again in the medium,
The first hypha (seed fungus) and the second hypha (seed fungus) bind.

Here, in this example, since the fresh air is easily supplied into the cultivation bottle 1 by using the cap 9 having good air permeability, the first and second hyphae are quickly introduced into the culture medium. It spreads and the binding of the first and second hyphae is completed early. In this example, the time required for the secondary culture step was 3 days.

Then, the surface of the second mycelium-activated medium 6 was scraped and germinated, and as a result, as shown in FIG.
Using the surface of the second mycelium-activated medium 6 as a bacterial bed surface, fruiting bodies 11 having the properties of the second inoculum germinated. The fruiting body 11 was restrained and wound with paper, and was managed until harvesting by an ordinary method. The fruit body (mushroom) 11 thus obtained is of good quality and can be harvested in a large amount. Moreover, the cultivation period can be shortened.

In the present embodiment, compression molding is carried out by a press machine 10 as a grafting step. At this time, the first mycelium-activated medium 5 is in a state in which hyphae by the first inoculum 4 are sufficiently spread. Therefore, the pressure of the press machine 10 does not reach the lower part of the first mycelium-activated medium 5. For this reason, in the lower part of the first mycelium-activated medium 5, the cultivation bottle 1
Since the medium 2 is initially filled with the medium 2 in a softly packed state, it is easy to remove gas such as carbon dioxide gas emitted from the mycelium and to exchange gas for supplying oxygen, thereby promoting growth.

The upper shoulder of the first mycelium-activated medium 5 is compressed by the press machine 10 into a compacted state.
Because the hyphal density is high, the fruiting body 11 in the early stage of germination and growth
Nutrients are supplied in large quantities. For this reason, the suppression and the growth during paper winding are good, and a vibrant paper winding state can be created.

Here, in this example, as described above,
The cap 9 used after the grafting step is provided with a vent hole, for example, so as to increase the air permeability in the cultivation bottle 1 after the grafting step. Therefore, with respect to the cap 9 after the grafting step, several types of caps having different air permeability were prepared, and the yield when each cap was used was compared. Table 1 shows the results.

[0024]

[Table 1]

According to Table 1, the one with the highest yield was PP without the urethane attached to the back of the cap.
It was a cap. As for the paper cap, the yield increases as the number of air holes (opening diameter: about 4 mm) increases. By using the cap 9 having good air permeability, the air permeability in the cultivation bottle 1 is improved, and the grafting between the first and second hyphae is performed satisfactorily. It grows well and can increase the yield.

In the cultivation method of the present example, the enzyme (intracellular enzyme) is used during the grafting step in which the second mycelium-activated medium 6 is introduced.
Various additives for promoting the growth of fruiting bodies, such as nutrients, gas treating agents, ion exchange substances, etc., can be added. Table 2 shows that zeolite, activated carbon,
And the yield when each gas treating agent of silica and silica is added. In addition, other cultivation conditions are the same as Example 1, and the yield of Example 1 is repeated as a comparative example.

[0027]

[Table 2]

As is clear from Table 2, during the grafting process,
When a gas treating agent such as zeolite, activated carbon, and silica is added, carbon dioxide and bases emitted from the mycelium and the fruiting body can be removed, so that the growth of the fruiting body is activated and a high yield is obtained. be able to.

As described above, the mushroom cultivation methods according to Examples 1 to 10 each use the thick fruit body 1 having the properties of the second inoculum from the bed of the first inoculum 4.
1 was obtained. Further, the quality was good because the mycelia of the first inoculum 4 that spreads in the culture medium 2 grew by absorbing nutrients in the culture medium 2, and a high yield could be harvested. Furthermore, after the grafting step, by using a highly permeable cap 9 and increasing the ventilation in the cultivation bottle 1, the fertility of the mycelium can be activated, thereby shortening the cultivation period and improving the quality. And increased harvest.

[0030]

As described above, according to the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

The first inoculated hypha by the first inoculum
The mycelium having the properties of the second inoculum is filled with the mycelium of the second inoculum by filling the mycelium with the second inoculum (the second mycelium-activated medium) with the mycelium in the first mycelium. Since the medium is grown as a bed, even if the first strain and the second strain are contradictory specific varieties, their specific properties will be complemented and utilized, and It is possible to harvest quality mushrooms in a short time and with good yield.

According to the grafting cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to review a variety of varieties having hyphae having a specific property, which have not been practically used in the past, and varieties which do not grow and germinate simultaneously with inoculation. This makes it possible to achieve mushroom cultivation that is resistant to germs and the like.

In particular, when the first inoculum is a vegetative (fine) inoculum and the second inoculum is a reproductive and viable (thick) inoculum, germination occurs early after the grafting step. And
Since it grows by absorbing nutrients from hyphae sufficiently spread by the first inoculum, it has good quality and high yield. Since the cultivation period of the first inoculum is short and the growth of the fruiting body is fast, the cultivation period can be shortened.

When the air permeability in the mushroom cultivation container is kept higher after the grafting step than in the culturing step, the ventilation in the container becomes better, and the propagation of the first and second hyphae is increased. The power is activated, the hyphal binding (grafting fungus) is accelerated, and the cultivation period is further shortened.

When adding additives such as a nutrient or a gas treating agent into the mushroom cultivation container during the grafting step,
Since it is effective in promoting the growth of mycelium into fruiting bodies, the cultivation period can be further shortened and high quality can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a cultivation bottle inoculated in a mushroom cultivation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which a second mycelium-activated medium is charged in a grafting step in the mushroom cultivation method.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which a second mycelium-activated medium in the grafting step in the mushroom cultivation method is packed and compressed by a press machine.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a cultivation bottle after completion of a grafting step in the mushroom cultivation method.

FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing cultivation bottles during germination and growth in the mushroom cultivation method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cultivation bottle 2 ... Medium 3 ... Inoculation hole 4 ... 1st inoculum 5 ... 1st mycelium activated medium 6 ... 2nd mycelium activated medium 7 ... Cap (for primary culture step) 8 ... Cultivation bottle 9 ... Cap (for secondary culture step) 10 ... Press machine 11 ... Mushroom (bearing body).

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A culture step of inoculating a first inoculum into a culture medium filled in a mushroom cultivation container and culturing the mycelium until the mycelium is activated in the culture medium, and a first hyphal activation obtained by the culture step. Grafting a second hyphae-activated medium prepared by a second inoculum prepared in advance on the surface of the conditioned medium, and compressing this into the first mycelium-activated medium. A mushroom cultivation method characterized by being formed. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first inoculum is a vegetative inoculum and the second inoculum is a reproductive and inoculum. 3. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the air permeability in the mushroom cultivation container is maintained higher after the grafting step than during the culturing step. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein an additive such as a nutrient or a gas treating agent is introduced into the mushroom cultivation container during the grafting step. Mushroom cultivation method.