JPH03201911A - Mushroom bed for culturing cortinellus shiitake - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the subject mushroom bed capable of efficiently culturing good Cortinellus shiitake in a state closer to the nature than conventional states by employing a mixture of saw dusts having different particle diameters and made of broad-leaved trees. CONSTITUTION:The objective mushroom bed 1 comprises e.g. a 2:1 mixture of saw dusts having particle diameters of 0.2-2mm and 2-5mm, respectively, and made of brood-leaved trees. A bag 2 having a ventilation opening 3 is charged with the mushroom bed, closed with Hotchkiss staples 4, followed by subjecting the mushroom bed to an initial culture under conditions consisting of a room temperature of 14-16 deg.C, a humidity of 50-60% and a ventilation time of 15 min-2 hours for approximately 10 days in a culture chamber, to an intermediate culture under conditions consisting of a room temperature of 18-20 deg.C, a humidity of 70-80% and a ventilation time of 15-30min for approximately 10 days, to a post-culture under conditions consisting of a room temperature of 21-23 deg.C, a humidity of 70-80% and a ventilation time of 15-30min for approximately 10 days, to an initial maturing treatment under a room temperature of 23-25 deg.C and a humidity of 60-70% for 5 days and subsequently to a post-maturing treatment under a room temperature of 20-22 deg.C and a humidity of 60-70% for approximately 50 days.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a fungal bed for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms and a method for producing the same.

[Conventional technology] There are two methods for cultivating shiitake mushrooms: the traditional method of directly inoculating broad-leaved logs, and the artificial cultivation method using an artificial fungal bed (culture J1!) using sawdust, planer shavings, etc. as a base material. There is something like that.

The fungal bed used in the latter artificial cultivation method is a mixture of sawdust, rice sugar, etc., mixed with water and placed in a plastic film bag (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-276421).
, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62-285731) and one in which a silicon compound is added to the bacterial bed (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62-210921) are known.

In addition, as a method for producing a fungal bed, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-2857
As stated in the lower left column of page 43 of Correction Bulletin No. 31, fill a culture bag with a culture medium, sterilize it by heating, then put it in a sterile room and cool it below 30'C.
A known method is to inoculate this with mushroom inoculum to produce a product.

[Issues with conventional technology] However, the above-mentioned bacterial bed has the following problems.

a. The shape of cultivated shiitake mushrooms, especially the cap part, is less shiny and smaller than those grown using logs.

b1 There are irregularities in the size of the shiitake mushrooms that develop.

C9 It takes several days to harvest.

d. Yield is low.

It takes time for e0 to germinate.

f. After harvesting, the fruit must be rested for a certain period of time before being used again, but this resting period is long.

g. The number of harvests is small.

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a fungal bed for cultivating shiitake mushrooms and a method for producing the same that does not have the drawbacks described in a to g above.

[Means to solve the problem] The configuration of the present invention is as follows.

(1) A mushroom bed for cultivating shiitake mushrooms made by mixing sawdust made from hardwoods with different particle sizes.

(2) Fine particle sawdust with a particle size of 0.5 m to 2II11 and coarse particle sawdust with a particle size of 2 mm to 5 mm.
A mushroom bed for cultivating shiitake mushrooms that can be mixed in a ratio of 1 part to 1 part.

(3) Transport the inoculated bacterial bed into the culture room and culture at a room temperature of 14 to
The initial culture step is carried out for about 10 days at 16°C, humidity 50-60%, ventilation about 15 minutes/2 hours, culture room temperature 18-20°C, humidity 70-80%, ventilation about 15
A mid-term culture step carried out for about 10 days under conditions of 730 minutes;
Culture room temperature 21-23°C, humidity 70-80%, ventilation approximately 1
Late cultivation step for about 10 days at 5 minutes/30 minutes; early ripening step for about 50 days at room temperature 23-25°C and humidity 60-70%; A method for producing a fungal bed for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, comprising: a late ripening step carried out for about 50 days under certain conditions.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail.

The conditions for the fungal bed are that they are comparable in all respects to shiitake mushrooms harvested through traditional cultivation using logs, and that the yield is higher. Another key point is that it is easy to cultivate. As a result of intensive research into a fungal bed that can satisfy these conditions and a method for producing the same, the inventor first focused on sawdust as the base material of the fungal bed. Sawdust is not particularly limited as long as it is a broad-leaved tree, such as beech or oak, but in the past, sawdust was used that had a particle size of 3 to 4 square meters, all of the same size. Since this sawdust-based fungal bed is put into a mold or bag and formed into a columnar, block-shaped, etc. solid, water is used to give it this solidifying property. A lot of water is sprayed to maintain moist conditions during curing and cultivation. Under these conditions, if the size of the sawdust is constant, the fungal bed will become too compact and it will be difficult to replenish water and oxygen inside, and it will also be difficult for nutrients mixed into the fungal bed to penetrate, causing the mycelium to grow. It can be suppressed from getting stuck. In order to solve this problem, maintain shape retention, and further retain and penetrate nutrients, we have found that it is best to create a fungal bed by mixing at least two types of sawdust.

This sawdust basically consists of fine particles and coarse particles, and the size of the fine particles is about 0.5 to 2 Ill.
l. Coarse particles with a particle size of about 2 to 5 yen are best. Fine particles particularly improve air permeability (# element retention), and coarse particles improve retention of nutrients and moisture and hyphae retention. It is something to do.

The mixing ratio of fine particles and coarse particles is preferably about 2:l; if the amount of coarse particles is too large, the function of the fine particles will be reduced, and if the amount of fine particles is too large, the function of the coarse particles will be reduced, making it difficult to use as a bacterial bed. performance will deteriorate.

The sawdust selected based on the above criteria also contains an oxygen supply agent,
Add nutrients, etc. little by little, and mix before adding water. The amount of nutritional supplements, etc. to be added and their purpose are generally as per the law (per 1.2 kg).

a. Oxygen supply agent 0.615-0.55 g This oxygen supply agent is especially intended for supplying oxygen during culture.

b. 35-37.5 g of bran This bran is intended to provide nutrition and promote the growth of mycelia.

C0 rice sugar 17.5-18g The purpose is to rotate it with bran.

d. 29-31 g of pH adjuster This pH adjuster sub-adjusts the pH of the bacterial bed and shortens the culture period.
The aim is to increase revenue.

e. 8 to 10 g of mycelium activator The purpose of this mycelium activator is to promote the growth and activation of hyphae and to moisturize the hyphae.

f. Natural silicic acid (Sin2) 8~Log This natural silicic acid adjusts the hardness of the fungal bed, forms a film on the surface of the fungal bed, and aims to extend the life of the fungal bed and improve the texture of the shiitake mushroom.

g, iron content 2.5-4 g This iron content suppresses the generation of hydrogen sulfide, prevents inhibition of nutrient absorption, promotes rooting and elongation of shiitake mushrooms during generation operations, and promotes oxygen transport and respiration. Toshishi\
Ru.

h, 2.5 to 4 g of bone powder This bone powder is intended to reinforce and promote the growth of hyphae during culture using phosphoric acid, etc. in the bone powder.

i. Antibacterial agent (thiabendazole solution) 0.8 to 0.9 g This antibacterial agent is intended to increase the survival of hyphae during culture and to control Trichoderma fungi, which are common in shiitake mushrooms, and other miscellaneous bacteria.

j, water Appropriate amount Use only enough water to harden when making the fungal bed.

Next, a method for producing a fungal bed will be explained.

The solid bacterial bed marked L is filled into a bag made of polypropylene film with ventilation holes, and the mouth of the bag is left open. The bag is preferably made of a polypropylene film due to its transparency, but other materials may also be used, and the bag may be provided with ventilation holes as appropriate for the purpose of increasing air permeability. In addition, it is best to use a bag with a flat bottom to make it comfortable to sit on, such as a gusset type bag, which is convenient to use. Additionally, a sterilization filter is attached to the ventilation hole to prevent the entry of germs.

The shape and size of the fungal bed are not particularly limited, but may be cylindrical or block-shaped for ease of handling during culture and cultivation, and each weighing around 1 to 2 kg is convenient for handling.

The bacterial bed filled in the bag as described above is manufactured through the following steps.

a. Inoculation process: Place the charged bacterial bed in the inoculation chamber and inoculate the bacteria before supplying sterile air into the room.

b1M wrapping process Immediately after inoculation of the charged bacterial bed after inoculation, lightly close the opening of the bag with a stapler or the like.

c. Cultivation step (1) Early cultivation step The charged bacterial bed was carried into the cultivation chamber and incubated for about 10 minutes at room temperature of 14 to 16°C, humidity of 50 to 60%, and ventilation for about 15 minutes/2 hours.
Culture for 1 day.

(2) Mid-term culture process Culture room temperature 18-20℃, humidity 70-80%, ventilation approximately 15
Culture is carried out for about 10 days under conditions of 730 minutes.

(3) Late cultivation process Cultivation room temperature 21-23℃, humidity 70-80%, ventilation approximately 15
Culture is carried out for about 10 days at 30 minutes/30 minutes.

41 Preventing close contact with the bag The bag on the fixed area side of the charged bacterial bed where the initial culture has been completed is loosened to introduce air into the bag to prevent the bag and the bacterial bed from coming into close contact.

This is because if the entire surface of the fungal bed is covered with hyphae after the above cultivation process, the fungal bed will expand due to the hyphae, and the fungal bed and bag will come into close contact with each other, especially at the bottom of the bag, which will cause oxygen deficiency. , the purpose is to prevent this.

e. Early ripening process The charged bacterial bed with air introduced into the bottom during the early culturing process was placed on its side to maintain this bottom condition, and the culture room temperature was raised to 23°C.
The temperature is set at ~25°C and the humidity is 60-70%, and the temperature is aged for about 5 days.

f. Late ripening process The charged bacterial bed that has completed the early ripening process is cultured at room temperature 20~2
It is aged for about 5 days in a culture room set at 2°C and humidity of 60-70%.

Furthermore, if the above-mentioned conditions of temperature, humidity, ventilation, and period are not met, the function as a fungal bed (commercial value) will decrease, but
This does not mean that it is not suitable for cultivation at all.

The fungal bed produced through the above process has a brown color and is a slightly moist mass.

Next, a method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms using the above-mentioned fungal bed will be explained.

The environment in which shiitake mushrooms grow is a temperature of 10-20℃ and a humidity of 75-80%.
The optimal brightness is 150 lux on the surface of the bacteria bed.

First, the culture temperature is 20'C to the developmental temperature of 10-15°C.
If you change the environmental temperature to C and leave it as it is for 4 to 5 days, it will germinate, so when the sprouts appear, cut the bag leaving the bottom of the bag, water thoroughly at -C, and then grow the fungus bed. Water as needed until the buds are on the surface of the plant so that they do not dry out. Once the buds have sprouted, refrain from watering and wait for them to grow. Harvesting can be done at any size.

In addition, if you cut the bag immediately after lowering the environmental temperature to the generation temperature to expose the fungal bed, the surface of the fungal bed will not be able to respond to changes in the environment, and the shiitake mushrooms may be cut unevenly. So, it is important to be careful.

Also, especially during periods of severe dryness such as the heating season in winter, if you cut the bag after some buds can be seen inside the bag, you will be able to grow all the shiitake mushrooms.

Once harvested, the fungus bed needs to be rested. This rest is 20
Approximately 7 to 20 days are required at ~25° C. During this rest period, watering is performed to prevent the surface of the fungal bed from drying out. If it dries out during this rest, blue mold will develop and the next growth will be poor, and on the other hand, excessive watering will cause Trichoderma to grow on the fungus bed, so you need to be careful.

The second outbreak tends to occur from the part of the lower part of the fungus bed covered by the bag, so if you turn the fungus bed upside down and remove the remaining bag, the second outbreak will occur from there. However, if the fungi are left to rest or are in sufficiently humid conditions, the second outbreak will occur from the upper part of the bacterial bed.

After flooding, check the condition of the fungal bed and sprinkle water to prevent it from drying out.
Once the buds have formed, refrain from watering and perform water management for the first time.

Then, once the harvest is finished, they go to rest just like the first time. Cultivation is carried out in the same manner from the third time onwards, and it is possible to harvest about five times from the same fungal bed.

[Effects of the present invention] Table 1 shows a comparison between the fungal bed according to the present invention and the conventional fungal bed.

Margin Table 1 Below: Next, a texture test was conducted by 20 panelists. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 (fE!L, diameter 13cm × for both the present invention and the conventional fungal bed
(It has a cylindrical shape with a height of 1 cm, a weight of 1, 200 g, and the culture, ripening, and cultivation conditions are the same.) [Example] Table 3 shows the formulation of the fungal bed.

- Thoroughly mix and solidify the bacterial bed material described in step 1, and fill it into a PP gusset bag. This state is shown in FIG. 1, and the bag 2 filled with the bacterial bed 1 is provided with ventilation holes 3 with filters at two locations.

Next, this loaded fungal bed 1 is placed in the inoculation east direction with the package opened, and inoculation is performed.

Immediately after inoculation, use a stapler to close the opening of bag 2 in 3 places.

Next, this charged bacterial bed is placed in a culture chamber at a room temperature of 15° C. and a humidity of 50%, and initial culture is carried out for 10 days while ventilation is performed every 2 hours for 15 minutes.

Next, the room temperature was 19℃, the humidity was 70%, and ventilation was carried out once every 30 minutes for 15 minutes.
Medium-term culture is carried out for 10 days under conditions of 10 minutes.

Next, the room temperature was 22℃, the humidity was 80%, and ventilation was carried out once every 30 minutes for 15 minutes.
The late stage culture is carried out for 10 days under the conditions of 10 minutes.

Next, after completing the three stages of culture (early, middle, and late) in this way, the charged bacterial bed is in close contact with the bag L and the bacterial bed 2 on the ground surface, so leave some space on this ground surface and place it here. After introducing air, the room temperature was 24℃ and the humidity was 70℃ again with the body lying on its side.
% culture chamber and undergo early ripening for 5 days.

Next, late ripening was performed for 50 times at a room temperature of 22° C. and a humidity of 70% to obtain a product.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which shiitake mushrooms 4 have grown on the surface of the fungal bed 1 according to the example.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the charged bacterial bed before inoculation, Figure 2 is a perspective view of the opening of the bag with a stapler, and Figure 3 is a perspective view of the state in which shiitake mushrooms have grown in the bacterial bed. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a fungal bed ready for harvest. l...Bacteria bed 2...Bag 3...Vent hole 4...Stapler 5...Shiitake mushroom

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A mushroom bed for cultivating shiitake mushrooms made by mixing sawdust made from hardwood with different particle sizes. (2) Fine particle sawdust with a particle size of 0.5 mm to 2 mm and coarse particle sawdust with a particle size of 2 mm to 5 mm in a ratio of 2:1.
A mushroom bed for cultivating shiitake mushrooms made by mixing the following ratios: (3) Transport the inoculated bacterial bed into the culture room and culture at a room temperature of 14 to
The initial culture step is carried out for about 10 days at 16°C, humidity 50-60%, ventilation about 15 minutes/2 hours, culture room temperature 18-20°C, humidity 70-80%, ventilation about 15
Medium-term culture step carried out for about 10 days under conditions of 30 minutes/30 minutes, culture room temperature 21-23℃, humidity 70-80%, ventilation approximately 15 minutes.
Late cultivation step carried out for about 10 days at a room temperature of 23 to 25°C and humidity of 60 to 70%; Initial ripening step carried out for about 5 days at a room temperature of 20 to 22°C and a humidity of 60 to 70%. A method for producing a fungus bed for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, comprising: a late ripening step carried out for about 50 days.