JPS6262126B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms or nameko mushrooms using an unsterilized sawdust medium.

<Conventional technology and its problems> Many studies have been published on methods using sawdust culture medium, but there are molds and molds that are harmful to the growth of mushrooms.
For example, due to concerns about the outbreak of Trichoderma, all sawdust media are sterilized using pressurized steam or kept at temperatures above 100°C for a certain period of time. Although this method suppresses the growth of harmful molds and bacteria, it has the disadvantage that it requires careful attention to recontamination, and is not necessarily an appropriate measure for mass production.

[Structure of the invention] <Means for solving the problem> Therefore, this invention changed the conventional way of thinking and conducted repeated research to enable cultivation under the same conditions as when using sawdust. Add less than 30% of the rice bran and an appropriate amount of water, let it rest, and then
It has been found that this purpose can be achieved when using a fermented medium kept at a temperature of 55°C to 78°C.
Furthermore, it has been found that various conditions are required to obtain results comparable to those obtained when using Hoda wood. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms or nameko mushrooms using an unsterilized sawdust medium.

<Structure of the Invention> An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. Rice bran (not more than 30% by weight) and an appropriate amount of water are added to sawdust, and the mixture is left to stand for several days.
By fermenting while maintaining at a temperature of ~78°C, we prevent the generation of Trichoderma and other harmful bacteria, and form a medium to which supplementary nutrients are added as necessary. After planting Shiitake mushrooms or Nameko fungi in this medium and allowing them to take root, we leave them at an appropriate temperature. The umbrella is formed through the process of propagation, ripening, and primordium formation of hyphae.

Although rice bran is sufficient as the nutrients necessary for the growth of mycelia, supplementary nutrients may be added to promote growth. For example, yeast extract, phosphate, sodium nitrite and Ge (germanium EDTA). These substances may be added to the medium in advance or may be supplemented at any stage prior to sprouting. In addition, in order to improve the quality of the produced mushrooms, we have developed a fermented product made by coexisting nitrogenated silica chloride and raw fish as supplementary nutrients (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55-64507) (hereinafter referred to as agent A) or nitrogenated A drug containing silica chloride as a main component (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-64506
No.) (hereinafter referred to as agent B) is preferably used.

There are two types of agent A: a powder agent and a liquid agent, and agent B is a liquid agent. Part A is used as is, and Part B is diluted 500 to 1000 times. These agents are added directly to the sawdust medium. Agent B may be used by spraying in the process after bacterial colonization. For example, it is used in the ripening process. The amount of agent A used is powder,
Regardless of the liquid formulation, it is 2 to 7% by weight based on the sawdust, and the B agent is diluted, so there are no strict restrictions and it can be sprayed in portions as appropriate.

As mentioned above, the addition of this agent not only has a positive effect on the quality of produced mushrooms, but also increases the amount of mushroom germination.
The ripening period is also slightly shortened.

The main ingredient of the medium is sawdust, but soil or facultative thermophilic bacteria FF can be added to this. This will encourage the proliferation of mycelium. Masago soil is used as the soil to be added, but red soil or black soil can also be used. The amount to be added to sawdust is preferably 50% or less by weight based on sawdust. In addition, when this soil is treated with the above-mentioned agents A and B in advance and used, it has a favorable effect on fermentation and other aspects.

The sawdust used in this invention is preferably a raw material used for Hoda wood, but it can also be used if it is mixed with softwood in addition to these hardwoods.

These sawdusts can be fine powder or coarse,
For example, you can use chips. There are no particular restrictions on the quality of rice bran, but it is best to use newer rice bran. It can be added up to 30% of sawdust. From the point of view of Trichoderma control, less is better. For example, a blending ratio of 10% or less is preferable.

Next, to explain this invention in more detail, sawdust,
Mix the rice bran, supplementary nutrients and water well and let it sit for several days before entering the fermentation process. The temperature at this time is preferably in the range of 55 to 78°C. Fermentation will be completed in a few days. Trichoderma and other harmful molds can grow at this point in the medium (conventional example), but Trichoderma does not grow in the method of this invention. In this way, the absence of Trichoderma and other harmful molds makes it easy for mushroom fungi to take root. It is recommended to add high-temperature fermentation bacteria to accelerate fermentation. Or other fermentation accelerators may be added.

Once a non-sterilized medium is created, the desired mushroom fungus is planted. For nameko mushrooms, it is easy to select bacteria, but for shiitake mushrooms, it is necessary to choose ones that are compatible with the wood shavings medium. From this point of view, it is preferable to use shiitake fungi cultured in a wood shavings medium.

The temperature for inoculating bacteria is preferably in the range of 20 to 30°C. The seeds take root in 3 to 4 days after inoculation. Those that have taken root have a breeding temperature of 20
Maintain the temperature within the range of ~35℃ to allow mycelium to propagate. After confirming that sufficient breeding has occurred, ripening is performed. Although the temperature conditions are the same, it is better to have better air diffusion than during the breeding process. As the ripening progresses, some changes occur in the medium, and the hyphae begin to gather and the medium is completely covered with hyphae, but then begins to turn brown.

The breeding and ripening period takes 40-50 days. During this time, the humidity is maintained at 75-95%, and the moisture content is mostly sufficient, but if it tends to dry out, spray water to replenish the moisture.

The light rays should not be too strong. Illuminance of 300 lux or less is sufficient. Use a red lamp (wavelength 540-750 nanometers).

Turn off the lamp from time to time to provide stimulation. After ripening, the browned epidermis is damaged, water is added to the medium, and the temperature is lowered to 12-25°C to allow sprouting.

Decide the temperature depending on the desired characteristics of the mushrooms. The light beam should be changed to a blue lamp (wavelength 350 to 500 nanometers), and the illumination intensity should be 400 lux or less. It takes 10 to 30 days to germinate and form primordia. Once primordium formation is completed, an umbrella will form in 5 to 7 days.

(Example 1) 50g of sawtooth chips, 2.5g of rice bran and 70g of water
Add g, stir well and pack this into a 500 c.c. glass container. Let this sit at room temperature for 3 days, and then
Place in a fermentation chamber maintained at 90% temperature and 65℃. Leave it for 6 days, then take it outside and inoculate it with shiitake fungi. The thus inoculated medium is transferred to a room with a humidity of 90% and a temperature of 25°C and exposed to red light with a wave intensity of 650 nanometers. The illuminance should be 70 lux. It takes root in 3 days. From now on
After 20 days, the mycelium will multiply and spread throughout the medium. If you leave this for 20 days, the ripening will end. If you leave a fully ripened fruit for another 10 days, the surface will begin to turn brown. At this stage, the surface of the sprouts is partially scratched or water is injected with a syringe, and the sprouts are moved to a germination chamber at a temperature of 18 degrees Celsius, and blue light with a wavelength of 400 nanometers is irradiated at an intensity of 100 lux. If you leave it like this for 30 days, primordia will be generated.
This primordium opens its cap on the fifth day and becomes a mushroom. During the entire process described here, no fungi such as Trichoderma, which interfere with the growth of mushrooms, appeared.

(Example 2) A mixture of 5 g of rice bran, 0.25 g of yeast extract as supplementary nutrients, and 0.25 g of monopotassium phosphate mixed with 60 c.c. of water was added to 50 g of finely powdered sawdust made of oak wood, and stirred well. When the operation was performed as described in Example 1, the propagation, ripening, and sprouting of mycelia were favorably affected, and the size of the cap increased.

(Example 3) Add 50 g of sawdust wood chips, 5 g of rice bran, and 25 g of Masago soil, mix well, and add 0.35 g of yeast extract and 0.35 g of monopotassium phosphate as supplementary nutrients to 60 g of water.
g, stir well and add to the medium. If this is placed in a 500 c.c. glass container and operated as described in Example 1, the mycelium will propagate even better.
Sprouting was also active and the yield of mushrooms increased.

(Example 4) 50 g of sawtooth wood chips, 3 g of rice bran, nitrogenized silica chloride as an adjuvant, and raw fish were fermented in the fermented product (A agent), and the powder was prepared.
Mix 1.5g and 2g of the liquid agent thoroughly, add 70g of water, and then add 0.04g of a drug whose main ingredient is silica chloride.
Use a solution with added. Sprinkle and mix the chips and rice bran with this liquid while stirring. this
Packed in a 500c.c. glass container and aged for 3 days, humidity 85%
Then, put it in a fermentation room at a temperature of 65℃ for 6 days. Once fermentation is complete, remove from the chamber and spread shiitake mushroom seeds uniformly over the surface of the medium at room temperature.

The inoculated medium is placed in a culture chamber and covered with a ventilated lid to prevent it from drying out. Humidity in the culture room
90% and a temperature of 25 °C, the medium is irradiated with a red lamp with a wavelength of 700 nanometers at an illumination intensity of 70 lux. After 20 days, the surface of the medium turns yellow, and after another 15 days, the mycelium completely envelops the medium.
If you leave it for another 10 days, the surface will turn brown. Add enough water at this time. The germination room is kept at a humidity of 90% and a temperature of 18°C, and is irradiated with a blue lamp with a wavelength of 400 nanometers at an illuminance of 80 lux. The primordium forms on the 15th and the umbrella opens after 7 days. The resulting mushrooms are
Among the above examples, the size of the umbrella is the largest with a diameter of 6.5
There are many cm ones, and they are glossy and fragrant.

(Example 5) 25g of sawdust chips and 25g of fine sawdust,
4g of rice bran, 25g of Masago soil, nitrogenated silica chloride as an adjuvant, and a fermented product (A agent) that was fermented in the coexistence of raw fish, 1.5g of powder and 2g of liquid.
Add 70g of water and stir well. When this medium is subjected to the same treatment as in Example 4, the mushroom caps produced are large and the yield is good.

(Example 6) To 50 g of sawdust from sawdust, 1.5 g of the powder and 2 g of the liquid were added to the fermented product (A agent) obtained by fermenting 5 g of rice bran, nitrogenated silica chloride, and raw fish together. Add 70g of water and stir well. This medium was subjected to the same fermentation treatment as in Example 4, and Namecobacterium species were uniformly dispersed at a humidity of 90% and a temperature of 25%.
The seeds are placed in a culture room at 15°C for 36 days, and then transferred to a germination room at 90% humidity and 15°C, and nameko growth is observed in 14 days.

[Effect of the invention] According to this invention, there is no need to pay attention to re-contamination compared to the conventional sawdust culture medium that is sterilized.
It can be produced in large quantities under the same conditions as using Hoda wood, and has extremely beneficial effects.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Rice bran of not more than 30% by weight and an appropriate amount of water are added to sawdust in advance, and the mixture is left to stand for several days. Afterwards, this is kept at a temperature of 55 to 78°C under high humidity and fermented to form a culture medium. , Shiitake mushrooms or Nameko mushrooms using an unsterilized sawdust medium, which is characterized by inoculating shiitake mushrooms or Nameko fungi in this medium, and after taking root, the mycelium propagates, ripens, and forms an primordium at an appropriate temperature to form an umbrella. Artificial cultivation method of nameko. 2. A method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms or nameko mushrooms using an unsterilized sawdust medium according to claim 1, characterized in that supplementary nutrients are added to the sawdust medium in advance or in the process before sprouting. 3. Humidity during each process of mycelial propagation and ripening is 75-95%.
A method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms or nameko mushrooms using an unsterilized sawdust medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature is maintained in the range of 20 to 35°C. 4. During each process of mycelial propagation and ripening, the irradiation light should be set at an illuminance of 300 lux or less and a wavelength of 540 to 750.
In each process of primordium formation and umbrella production, the illumination intensity is 400 lux or less and the wavelength is 350 lux.
500 nanometers. A method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms or nameko mushrooms using an unsterilized sawdust medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the particle diameter is 500 nanometers. 5 Claims 1 to 4 characterized in that Masago soil, red soil, or black soil is blended into the culture medium.
A method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms or nameko mushrooms using the unsterilized sawdust medium according to any one of the above paragraphs. 6. It is confirmed that the supplementary nutrients are a fermented product obtained by fermenting nitrogenated silica chloride and raw fish together, or this and a drug containing nitrogenated silica chloride as a main component. A method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms or nameko mushrooms using the unsterilized sawdust medium according to any one of claims 2 to 5.