CN109105151B - Bag-making-free secondary fermentation layer sowing and cultivating technology for dictyophora rubrovolvata - Google Patents
Bag-making-free secondary fermentation layer sowing and cultivating technology for dictyophora rubrovolvata Download PDFInfo
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- CN109105151B CN109105151B CN201810995287.4A CN201810995287A CN109105151B CN 109105151 B CN109105151 B CN 109105151B CN 201810995287 A CN201810995287 A CN 201810995287A CN 109105151 B CN109105151 B CN 109105151B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention provides a packaging-free secondary fermentation layer sowing and cultivating process of dictyophora rubrovolvata, which adopts secondary fermentation and reasonably controls the operation of fermentation temperature, time and the like, realizes the production process of packaging-free secondary fermentation layer sowing dictyophora rubrovolvata, avoids the processes of packaging and sterilization by using the operation of fermentation twice and layer sowing, greatly reduces the pollution rate, reduces the production cost and improves the output of dictyophora rubrovolvata.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a bag-free secondary fermentation layer sowing cultivation process for dictyophora rubrovolvata.
Background
Bamboo fungus, named Zhusheng and Zhushen, is a cryptophyceae parasitic on the root of dried bamboo, is shaped like a net-shaped dry white snake skin, and has a dark green cap, a snow white cylindrical stipe and a pink egg-shaped bacteria tray, and a fine and white net-shaped skirt is laid downwards from the mushroom cover at the top of the stipe, and is called as "Xueyu Xianzi", "mountain precious flower", "flower of fungus" and "Huangqiang in the fungus". The bamboo fungus is rich in nutrition, aromatic in flavor and delicious in taste, and is listed as one of 'grass eight delicacies' since ancient times.
Dictyophora rubrovalvata is a characteristic edible fungus in Guizhou, and can be artificially cultivated in a large scale at present. The domestic common dictyophora rubrovolvata cultivation process mainly comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that polyethylene plastic is used as a container, culture base materials are filled in the container through manual or semi-mechanical equipment, then the container is sterilized for 48 hours at the normal pressure of 100 ℃, a mushroom supporting rod manufactured by cooling is transferred to an inoculation chamber for inoculation, the mushroom supporting rod is transferred to a culture warehouse for 100-day plus-material cultivation and then is subjected to earth covering cultivation, the production period is long, the labor is huge, the pollution rate is high, the bottleneck restricting the development of the Guizhou Dictyophora rubrovolvata industry is formed, and particularly the existing production process has the following defects: (1) the labor cost is high, the existing mode produces dictyophora rubrovolvata fungus sticks through manual or semi-mechanical bagging, removes plastic after culturing for 120 days, enters greenhouse soil covering cultivation, needs to manually make the fungus sticks, manually inoculate and manually cultivate in soil covering mode, and causes high labor cost in the whole production process; (2) the energy consumption is high, the conventional production mode is adopted, the raw and auxiliary materials are bagged and then packaged, steam sterilization treatment is needed, normal-pressure sterilization is usually adopted, 100 ℃ steam is needed for continuous sterilization for 48 hours, and the energy consumption is huge in the period; (3) the environment is polluted, the fungus sticks are produced by adopting polypropylene or polyethylene bags in the existing production mode, the bags need to be removed again in the later fruiting stage, and the dragged bags easily cause environmental pollution; (4) the pollution rate of the fungus sticks is high, the traditional fungus stick manufacturing maintains the production of the dictyophora mycelium by relying on the sterile environment in or outside the fungus bag, if the sterilization is not thorough, the micropores of the bag and the culture environment are unqualified, large-area pollution can be caused, and the pollution rate of the conventional dictyophora rubrovolvata fungus stick production is 40 percent higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a packaging-free secondary fermentation layer-sowing dictyophora rubrovolvata cultivation process for overcoming the defects in the prior art, which adopts secondary fermentation and reasonably controls the operations of fermentation temperature, time and the like, realizes the packaging-free secondary fermentation layer-sowing dictyophora rubrovolvata production process, avoids the processes of packaging and sterilization by using the operations of fermentation twice and layer-sowing, greatly reduces the pollution rate, reduces the production cost and improves the dictyophora rubrovolvata yield.
Specifically, the invention provides a bag-free secondary fermentation layer sowing and cultivating process for Dictyophora rubrovalvata, which comprises the following steps:
one-time fermentation process
1. The low nitrogen formula comprises: according to the weight percentage, the wood consists of 10 to 20 percent of wood A and 90 to 80 percent of wood chip B; the wood chips A are pine wood with the particle size of less than 2mm, the wood chips B are hard miscellaneous wood chips with the particle size of 4-6mm, the wood chips A are pine wood chips and contain a large amount of antibacterial substances, the temperature is low in the early stage of fermentation, and the wood chips A can be added to play a role in inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms; the sawdust B is common hard sawdust, the size of the sawdust is larger, the sawdust is more fluffy than that of the sawdust A, the whole primary fermentation material is fluffy by adding the sawdust B, and the fermentation temperature is improved by utilizing the oxygen to be blended, so that the high-temperature actinomycetes can be cultured;
2. primary fermentation treatment:
2.1 pre-wetting of raw materials: adding the sawdust A and the sawdust B according to a certain proportion, stacking, humidifying the sawdust by spraying, wherein the height of the material pile is 3-4 m, the diameter of the material pile is 3.5-4 m, the water content of the sawdust is about 33-53%, continuously spraying water for 3-5 days, and the water content of the sawdust is 58-61% after spraying is finished;
2.2 heating fermentation: in order to quickly kill pests and decompose harmful substances, the wood chips are turned immediately after the water content of the wood chips reaches 58-61%, air is blown into the center of the material pile by using an air blower and an air pipe, the air blowing is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, the turning is performed every 7 days, the total primary fermentation time is about 45 days, and the water content of the wood chips is measured to be 55-58% after the fermentation is finished, and the pH value is 6.5-7.0.
More specifically, the time operation of the primary fermentation treatment is arranged as follows: 1 day-5 days: building a pile, spraying water with the height of 3-4 meters and the diameter of 3.5-4 meters, and enabling the water content to reach 58-61%; 6-10 days: blowing air into the center of the material pile for 4-6 hours every day until the temperature of the material surface is 70 ℃; 10 days to 45 days: turning over once every 7 days until the water content of the wood chips reaches 55% and the pH value is 6.5-7.0.
(II) Secondary fermentation process
After the primary fermentation is finished, performing secondary fermentation, and piling 60-90% of primary fermentation wood chips, 5-10% of rice bran, 15-20% of bran, 5% of corn flour and 1% of lime powder (calcium carbonate) and raw materials again according to the weight percentage, wherein the height of the pile is 4-4.5 m, the diameter of the pile is 4.5-5 m, and the air is introduced into the center of the pile by an air blower and an air pipe at once; because the auxiliary materials which are beneficial to biological decomposition such as bran, rice bran, corn flour and the like are added, the temperature can be raised to 70 ℃ about 48 hours after air is introduced for secondary fermentation, the air introduction is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, pile turning is carried out after 48 hours, the total fermentation time is 7 days, the water content of the fermentation material is 59-61 percent after the fermentation is finished, and the PH is 5.5-6.0.
The water content of the stockpile before fermentation is 62-64%, the pH value is 6.0-6.5, and the ratio of C/N: 65-80: 1.
the time operation arrangement of the secondary fermentation process is as follows: 1 day: mixing the raw materials, and introducing air until the temperature reaches 70 ℃; 2-3 days: blowing air into the center of the material pile, and keeping the material pile at the surface temperature of 70 ℃ for 48 hours; 4 days: turning over the pile, and introducing air to reach 70 ℃; 5-6 days: blowing air into the center of the material pile, and keeping the material pile at the surface temperature of 70 ℃ for 48 hours; 7 days: turning the pile and finishing fermentation.
(III) feeding and inoculating:
the materials fermented twice are moved into a fruiting greenhouse through equipment, and the process is divided into an upper layer seeding inoculation process, a middle layer seeding inoculation process and a lower layer seeding inoculation process:
1. 3-4cm of fermentation material is flatly laid on the lowest layer, and is required to be uniformly flatly laid on the ground of the greenhouse or a shelf of the greenhouse;
2. sowing bamboo fungus strains on the spread fermentation material;
3. crushing the dictyophora strain into particles with the diameter of 2-3cm, and sowing on the upper surface of the fermentation material at the lowest layer, wherein 500g of the strain is required to be sown per square meter;
4. uniformly spreading the sowed strains on the fermentation material at the lowest layer;
5. covering the fermentation material with the thickness of 6-7cm on the upper surface of the strain;
6. after finishing, forming a fermentation material structure with the lowest layer of 3-4cm, the middle strain of the fermentation material and the uppermost layer of 6-7cm on the greenhouse or the building;
7. after the feeding and sowing are finished, the upper surface of the non-woven fabric is breathable, and certain humidity and ventilation are maintained.
(IV) fruiting management
1. After sowing for about 40-50 days (spring, summer) or 60-70 days (autumn and winter), the white dictyophora phalloidea mycelium can be seen to completely eat the fermentation material, and the fruiting management stage is entered when the fermentation material surface is snowy white;
2. spreading 2-3cm of soil on the fermented material full of mycelia, and watering;
3. opening a greenhouse ventilation curtain, and maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse to be below 1500 PPM;
4. after 7 days, the bamboo fungus hyphae penetrate through the soil layer to form bamboo eggs, and fruiting begins.
Further: the one-time fermentation process comprises the following steps: the wood consists of 15 percent of wood A and 85 percent of wood chip B in percentage by weight; the wood chips A are pine wood with the particle size of less than 2mm, the wood chips B are hard miscellaneous wood chips with the particle size of 4-6mm, the wood chips A are pine wood chips and contain a large amount of antibacterial substances, the temperature is low in the early stage of fermentation, and the wood chips A can be added to play a role in inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms; the sawdust B is common hard sawdust, the size of the sawdust is larger, the sawdust is more fluffy than that of the sawdust A, the whole primary fermentation material is fluffy by adding the sawdust B, and the fermentation temperature is improved by utilizing the oxygen to be blended, so that the high-temperature actinomycetes can be cultured;
the second fermentation process comprises the steps of after the first fermentation is finished, performing second fermentation, and piling 70% of the first fermentation wood chips, 8% of rice bran, 16% of bran, 5% of corn flour and 1% of lime powder (calcium carbonate) and raw materials again according to the weight percentage, wherein the height of the pile is 4-4.5 meters, the diameter of the pile is 4.5-5 meters, and the air is introduced into the center of the pile by an air blower and an air pipe at once; because the auxiliary materials which are beneficial to biological decomposition such as bran, rice bran, corn flour and the like are added, the temperature can be raised to 70 ℃ about 48 hours after air is introduced for secondary fermentation, the air introduction is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, pile turning is carried out after 48 hours, the total fermentation time is 7 days, the water content of the fermentation material is 59-61 percent after the fermentation is finished, and the PH is 5.5-6.0.
The water content of the stockpile before fermentation is 62-64%, the pH value is 6.0-6.5, and the ratio of C/N: 65-80: 1.
the principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the designed primary fermentation time is long, so that harmful chemical substances in the sawdust can be effectively degraded, most harmful microorganisms are killed by pasteurization, and high-temperature actinomycetes which are beneficial to growth of bamboo fungi are cultured;
2. the design of the invention has short secondary fermentation time, and can further kill harmful microorganisms and increase high-temperature actinomycetes by using the bus sterilization principle under the condition of reducing nutrition damage to auxiliary materials as much as possible;
3. through the design of two fermentation processes, the harmful microorganisms in the fermentation material are greatly reduced, the beneficial microorganisms are greatly increased, the beneficial organisms of the dictyophora strain in the whole fermentation material have the advantages, and the harmful microorganisms are inhibited through biological antagonism, so that bagging treatment and sterilization treatment are not needed, the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the pollution is reduced.
4. The raw materials fermented by the method are suitable for bamboo fungus growth, and the bamboo fungus growth speed is high and no visible pollution is caused geometrically by adopting a large-area layered sowing method.
In summary, the invention can realize the production process of the dictyophora rubrovolvata through the two-time fermentation and layered sowing without bagging and greatly reduce the pollution rate by using the two-time fermentation and layered sowing operations.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the advantageous effects of the present invention, the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, and it should be understood that the examples and test examples are intended to illustrate the advantageous effects of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is by no means limited thereto.
Example 1 bag-free secondary fermentation layer seeding cultivation process for Dictyophora rubrovalvata
The method comprises the following steps:
one-time fermentation process
1. The low nitrogen formula comprises: according to the weight percentage, the wood consists of 10 percent of wood A and 90 percent of wood chip B; the wood chips A are pine wood with the particle size of less than 2mm, the wood chips B are hard miscellaneous wood chips with the particle size of 4-6mm, the wood chips A are pine wood chips and contain a large amount of antibacterial substances, the temperature is low in the early stage of fermentation, and the wood chips A can be added to play a role in inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms; the sawdust B is common hard sawdust, the size of the sawdust is larger, the sawdust is more fluffy than that of the sawdust A, the whole primary fermentation material is fluffy by adding the sawdust B, and the fermentation temperature is improved by utilizing the oxygen to be blended, so that the high-temperature actinomycetes can be cultured;
2. primary fermentation treatment:
2.1 pre-wetting of raw materials: after the wood chips A and the wood chips B are added according to the proportion, stacking is carried out, a material pile with the height of 3 meters and the diameter of 3.5 meters is used, the wood chips are humidified by spraying, the water content of the common wood chips is about 33%, water spraying is carried out for 3 days continuously, and the water content of the wood chips is 58% after spraying is finished;
2.2 heating fermentation: in order to quickly kill pests and decompose harmful substances, the wood chips are turned immediately after the water content of the wood chips reaches 58%, air is blown into the center of the material pile by using an air blower and an air pipe, 4 hours of blowing is carried out every day, blowing is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, turning is carried out every 7 days, the total one-time fermentation time is about 45 days, and the water content of the wood chips is measured to be 55% after the fermentation is finished, and the pH is 6.5.
(II) Secondary fermentation process
After the primary fermentation is finished, performing secondary fermentation, and piling 64% of primary fermentation wood chips, 10% of rice bran, 20% of bran, 5% of corn flour and 1% of lime powder (calcium carbonate) in percentage by weight to obtain fermented wood chips and raw materials again, wherein the height of the pile is 4 meters, the diameter of the pile is 4 meters, and the air is introduced into the center of the pile by using an air blower and an air pipe immediately; because the auxiliary materials which are beneficial to biological decomposition such as bran, rice bran, corn flour and the like are added, the temperature can be raised to 70 ℃ about 48 hours after air is introduced for secondary fermentation, the air introduction is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, pile turning is carried out after 48 hours, the total fermentation time is 7 days, the water content of the fermentation material is 59 percent after the fermentation is finished, and the PH is 5.5.
(III) feeding and inoculating:
the materials fermented twice are moved into a fruiting greenhouse through equipment, and the process is divided into an upper layer seeding inoculation process, a middle layer seeding inoculation process and a lower layer seeding inoculation process:
1. 3-4cm of fermentation material is flatly laid on the lowest layer, and is required to be uniformly flatly laid on the ground of the greenhouse or a shelf of the greenhouse;
2. sowing bamboo fungus strains on the spread fermentation material;
3. crushing the dictyophora strain into particles with the diameter of 2-3cm, and sowing on the upper surface of the fermentation material at the lowest layer, wherein 500g of the strain is required to be sown per square meter;
4. uniformly spreading the sowed strains on the fermentation material at the lowest layer;
5. covering the fermentation material with the thickness of 6-7cm on the upper surface of the strain;
6. after finishing, forming a fermentation material structure with the lowest layer of 3-4cm, the middle strain of the fermentation material and the uppermost layer of 6-7cm on the greenhouse or the building;
7. after the feeding and sowing are finished, the upper surface of the non-woven fabric is breathable, and certain humidity and ventilation are maintained.
(IV) fruiting management
1. Completely eating the white dictyophora indusiata mycelium after sowing for about 40-50 days (spring), and entering a fruiting management stage when the fermentation material surface is snowy white;
2. spreading 2-3cm of soil on the fermented material full of mycelia, and watering;
3. opening a greenhouse ventilation curtain, and maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse to be below 1500 PPM;
4. after 7 days, the bamboo fungus hyphae penetrate through the soil layer to form bamboo eggs, and the fruiting is started, and the yield per mu is 81 kg.
Example 2 Dictyophora rubrovalvata non-bag secondary fermentation layer seeding cultivation process
The method comprises the following steps:
one-time fermentation process
1. The low nitrogen formula comprises: the wood consists of 15 percent of wood A and 85 percent of wood chip B in percentage by weight; the wood chips A are pine wood with the particle size of less than 2mm, the wood chips B are hard miscellaneous wood chips with the particle size of 4-6mm, the wood chips A are pine wood chips and contain a large amount of antibacterial substances, the temperature is low in the early stage of fermentation, and the wood chips A can be added to play a role in inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms; the sawdust B is common hard sawdust, the size of the sawdust is larger, the sawdust is more fluffy than that of the sawdust A, the whole primary fermentation material is fluffy by adding the sawdust B, and the fermentation temperature is improved by utilizing the oxygen to be blended, so that the high-temperature actinomycetes can be cultured;
2. primary fermentation treatment:
2.1 pre-wetting of raw materials: adding the sawdust A and the sawdust B according to a proportion, stacking, humidifying the sawdust by spraying, wherein the height of the material pile is 3-4 m, the diameter of the material pile is 3.5-4 m, the water content of the common sawdust is about 43%, continuously spraying water for 3-5 days, and the water content of the sawdust is 58-61% after spraying is finished;
2.2 heating fermentation: in order to quickly kill pests and decompose harmful substances, the wood chips are turned immediately after the water content of the wood chips reaches 58-61%, air is blown into the center of the material pile by using an air blower and an air pipe, 5 hours are blown in every day, blowing is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, turning is performed every 7 days, the total one-time fermentation time is about 45 days, and the water content of the wood chips is measured to be 55-58% after the fermentation is finished, and the pH value is 6.5-7.0.
(II) Secondary fermentation process
After the primary fermentation is finished, performing secondary fermentation, and piling the fermented wood chips and the raw materials which are obtained by mixing 70% of the primary fermented wood chips, 8% of rice bran, 16% of wheat bran, 5% of corn flour and 1% of lime powder (calcium carbonate) according to the weight percentage, wherein the height of the pile is 4-4.5 meters, the diameter of the pile is 4.5-5 meters, and the air is introduced into the center of the pile by an air blower and an air pipe at once; because the auxiliary materials which are beneficial to biological decomposition such as bran, rice bran, corn flour and the like are added, the temperature can be raised to 70 ℃ about 48 hours after air is introduced for secondary fermentation, the air introduction is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, pile turning is carried out after 48 hours, the total fermentation time is 7 days, the water content of the fermentation material is 59-61 percent after the fermentation is finished, and the PH is 5.5-6.0.
(III) feeding and inoculating:
the materials fermented twice are moved into a fruiting greenhouse through equipment, and the process is divided into an upper layer seeding inoculation process, a middle layer seeding inoculation process and a lower layer seeding inoculation process:
1. 3-4cm of fermentation material is flatly laid on the lowest layer, and is required to be uniformly flatly laid on the ground of the greenhouse or a shelf of the greenhouse;
2. sowing bamboo fungus strains on the spread fermentation material;
3. crushing the dictyophora strain into particles with the diameter of 2-3cm, and sowing on the upper surface of the fermentation material at the lowest layer, wherein 500g of the strain is required to be sown per square meter;
4. uniformly spreading the sowed strains on the fermentation material at the lowest layer;
5. covering the fermentation material with the thickness of 6-7cm on the upper surface of the strain;
6. after finishing, forming a fermentation material structure with the lowest layer of 3-4cm, the middle strain of the fermentation material and the uppermost layer of 6-7cm on the greenhouse or the building;
7. after the feeding and sowing are finished, the upper surface of the non-woven fabric is breathable, and certain humidity and ventilation are maintained.
(IV) fruiting management
1. After sowing, about 40-50 days (summer), the white dictyophora phalloidea mycelium can completely eat the fermentation material, and when the fermentation material surface is snowy white, the fruiting management stage is started;
2. spreading 2-3cm of soil on the fermented material full of mycelia, and watering;
3. opening a greenhouse ventilation curtain, and maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse to be below 1500 PPM;
4. after 7 days, the bamboo fungus hyphae penetrate through the soil layer to form bamboo eggs, and fruiting is started, and the yield per mu is 78 kg.
Example 3: bag-free secondary fermentation layer sowing and cultivating process for dictyophora rubrovolvata
The method comprises the following steps:
one-time fermentation process
1. The low nitrogen formula comprises: according to the weight percentage, the wood consists of 20 percent of wood A and 80 percent of wood chip B; the wood chips A are pine wood with the particle size of less than 2mm, the wood chips B are hard miscellaneous wood chips with the particle size of 4-6mm, the wood chips A are pine wood chips and contain a large amount of antibacterial substances, the temperature is low in the early stage of fermentation, and the wood chips A can be added to play a role in inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms; the sawdust B is common hard sawdust, the size of the sawdust is larger, the sawdust is more fluffy than that of the sawdust A, the whole primary fermentation material is fluffy by adding the sawdust B, and the fermentation temperature is improved by utilizing the oxygen to be blended, so that the high-temperature actinomycetes can be cultured;
2. primary fermentation treatment:
2.1 pre-wetting of raw materials: adding the sawdust A and the sawdust B according to a proportion, stacking, humidifying the sawdust by spraying, wherein the height of the material pile is 3-4 m, the diameter of the material pile is 3.5-4 m, the water content of the common sawdust is about 53%, water spraying is continuously carried out for 5 days, and the water content of the sawdust is 58-61% after spraying is finished;
2.2 heating fermentation: in order to quickly kill pests and decompose harmful substances, the wood chips are turned immediately after the water content of the wood chips reaches 58-61%, air is blown into the center of the material pile by using an air blower and an air pipe, the air blowing is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, the pile turning is performed every 7 days, the total one-time fermentation time is about 45 days, and the water content of the wood chips is measured to be 55-58% after the fermentation is finished, and the pH value is 6.5-7.0.
(II) Secondary fermentation process
After the primary fermentation is finished, performing secondary fermentation, and piling the fermented wood chips and the raw materials which are obtained by mixing 74% of the primary fermentation wood chips, 5% of rice bran, 15% of wheat bran, 5% of corn flour and 1% of lime powder (calcium carbonate) according to weight percentage, wherein the height of the pile is 4-4.5 meters, the diameter of the pile is 4.5-5 meters, and the air is introduced into the center of the pile by an air blower and an air pipe at once; because the auxiliary materials which are beneficial to biological decomposition such as bran, rice bran, corn flour and the like are added, the temperature can be raised to 70 ℃ about 48 hours after air is introduced for secondary fermentation, the air introduction is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, pile turning is carried out after 48 hours, the total fermentation time is 7 days, the water content of the fermentation material is 59-61 percent after the fermentation is finished, and the PH is 5.5-6.0.
(III) feeding and inoculating:
the materials fermented twice are moved into a fruiting greenhouse through equipment, and the process is divided into an upper layer seeding inoculation process, a middle layer seeding inoculation process and a lower layer seeding inoculation process:
1. 3-4cm of fermentation material is flatly laid on the lowest layer, and is required to be uniformly flatly laid on the ground of the greenhouse or a shelf of the greenhouse;
2. sowing bamboo fungus strains on the spread fermentation material;
3. crushing the dictyophora strain into particles with the diameter of 2-3cm, and sowing on the upper surface of the fermentation material at the lowest layer, wherein 500g of the strain is required to be sown per square meter;
4. uniformly spreading the sowed strains on the fermentation material at the lowest layer;
5. covering the fermentation material with the thickness of 6-7cm on the upper surface of the strain;
6. after finishing, forming a fermentation material structure with the lowest layer of 3-4cm, the middle strain of the fermentation material and the uppermost layer of 6-7cm on the greenhouse or the building;
7. after the feeding and sowing are finished, the upper surface of the non-woven fabric is breathable, and certain humidity and ventilation are maintained.
(IV) fruiting management
1. About 60-70 days (winter) after sowing, the white dictyophora phalloidea mycelium can be seen to completely eat the fermentation material, and the fruiting management stage is entered when the fermentation material surface is snowy white;
2. spreading 2-3cm of soil on the fermented material full of mycelia, and watering;
3. opening a greenhouse ventilation curtain, and maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse to be below 1500 PPM;
4. after 7 days, the bamboo fungus hyphae penetrate through the soil layer to form bamboo eggs, and fruiting begins, and the yield per mu is 79 kg.
Claims (6)
1. A bag-free secondary fermentation layer sowing and cultivating process for Dictyophora rubrovalvata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
one-time fermentation process
1. The low nitrogen formula comprises: according to the weight percentage, the wood chip consists of 10 to 20 percent of wood chip A and 90 to 80 percent of wood chip B; the wood chips A are pine wood with the particle size of less than 2mm, the wood chips B are hardwood chips with the particle size of 4-6mm, the wood chips A are pine wood chips and contain a large amount of antibacterial substances, the temperature is low in the early stage of fermentation, and the wood chips A can be added to play a role in inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms; the sawdust B is common hard miscellaneous wood chips, the size of the sawdust B is larger, the sawdust B is more fluffy than that of the sawdust A, the whole material for primary fermentation is fluffy by adding the sawdust B, and the fermentation temperature is improved by utilizing the oxygen to be blended, so that the high-temperature actinomycetes can be cultured;
2. primary fermentation treatment: 2.1 pre-wetting of raw materials: adding the wood chips A and B according to a proportion, stacking, namely a material pile with the height of 3-4 m and the diameter of 3.5-4 m, humidifying the wood chips by spraying, wherein the water content of the wood chips is 33-53%, continuously spraying with water for 3-5 days, and the water content of the wood chips is 58-61% after spraying; 2.2 heating fermentation: in order to quickly kill pests and decompose harmful substances, turning the stacks immediately after the water content of the wood chips reaches 58-61%, blowing air into the center of the stacks by using an air blower and an air pipe for 4-6 hours every day, stopping blowing when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, turning the stacks once every 7 days, wherein the total one-time fermentation time is about 45 days, and measuring the water content of the wood chips to be 55-58% and the pH to be 6.5-7.0 after the fermentation is finished;
after the primary fermentation of the secondary fermentation process is finished, performing secondary fermentation, and piling 60-90% of primary fermentation wood chips, 5-10% of rice bran, 15-20% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of lime powder or 1% of calcium carbonate in percentage by weight to obtain fermented wood chips and raw materials again, wherein the height of the pile is 4-4.5 m, the diameter is 4.5-5 m, and the air is introduced into the center of the pile by using an air blower and an air pipe immediately; because the auxiliary materials which are beneficial to biological decomposition are added, the temperature can be raised to 70 ℃ about 48 hours after air is introduced for secondary fermentation, the air introduction is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, the stack turning is carried out after 48 hours, the total fermentation time is 7 days, the water content of the fermentation material is 59-61 percent after the fermentation is finished, and the PH is 5.5-6.0;
(III) feeding and inoculating: the materials fermented twice are moved into a fruiting greenhouse through equipment, and the process is divided into an upper layer seeding inoculation process, a middle layer seeding inoculation process and a lower layer seeding inoculation process: 1. 3-4cm of fermentation material is flatly laid on the lowest layer, and is required to be uniformly flatly laid on the ground of the greenhouse or a shelf of the greenhouse; 2. Sowing bamboo fungus strains on the spread fermentation material; 3. Crushing the dictyophora strain into particles with the diameter of 2-3cm, and sowing on the upper surface of the fermentation material at the lowest layer, wherein 500g of the strain is required to be sown per square meter; 4. Uniformly spreading the sowed strains on the fermentation material at the lowest layer; 5. Covering the fermentation material with the thickness of 6-7cm on the upper surface of the strain; 6. After finishing, forming a fermentation material structure with the lowest layer of 3-4cm, the middle strain of which is 6-7cm on the uppermost layer; 7. After the feeding and sowing are finished, the upper surface of the non-woven fabric is ventilated, and certain humidity and ventilation are maintained;
(IV) fruiting management 1, wherein white dictyophora phalloidea mycelium can completely eat the fermentation material 40-70 days after sowing, and the fruiting management stage is carried out when the fermentation material surface is snowwhite; 2. Spreading 2-3cm of soil on the fermented material full of mycelia, and watering; 3. Opening a greenhouse ventilation curtain, and maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse to be below 1500 PPM; 4. After 7 days, the bamboo fungus hyphae penetrate through the soil layer to form bamboo eggs, and fruiting begins.
2. The bag-free secondary fermentation layer seeding cultivation process of dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step (I) is a primary fermentation process: the wood chip material consists of 15 percent of wood chips A and 85 percent of wood chips B in percentage by weight; the wood chips A are pine wood with the particle size of less than 2mm, the wood chips B are hard miscellaneous wood chips with the particle size of 4-6mm, the wood chips A are pine wood chips and contain a large amount of antibacterial substances, the temperature is low in the early stage of fermentation, and the wood chips A can be added to play a role in inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms; the B wood chips are common hard wood chips, the wood chips are larger in size and are more fluffy than the A wood chips, the B wood chips are added to enable the whole primary fermentation material to be fluffy, and oxygen is blended to improve the fermentation temperature so as to be beneficial to culturing high-temperature actinomycetes.
3. The bag-free secondary fermentation layer seeding cultivation process of dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the second fermentation process comprises the steps of after the first fermentation is finished, performing second fermentation, and stacking the fermented wood chips and the raw materials which are obtained by mixing 70% of the first fermentation wood chips, 8% of rice bran, 16% of bran, 5% of corn flour, 1% of lime powder or 1% of calcium carbonate according to the weight percentage, wherein the height of the material pile is 4-4.5 m, the diameter of the material pile is 4.5-5 m, and the air is introduced into the center of the material pile by using a blower and an air pipe immediately; because the auxiliary materials which are beneficial to biological decomposition of the bran, the rice bran and the corn flour are added, the temperature can be raised to 70 ℃ after air is introduced for the secondary fermentation for about 48 hours, the air introduction is stopped when the temperature reaches 70 ℃, the pile turning is carried out after 48 hours, the total fermentation time is 7 days, the water content of the fermentation material is 59-61 percent after the fermentation is finished, and the PH is 5.5-6.0.
4. The bag-free secondary fermentation layer seeding cultivation process of dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the time operation of the primary fermentation treatment is arranged as follows: 1 day-5 days: building a pile, spraying water with the height of 3-4 meters and the diameter of 3.5-4 meters, and enabling the water content to reach 58-61%; 6-10 days: blowing air into the center of the material pile for 4-6 hours every day until the temperature of the material surface is 70 ℃; 10 days to 45 days: turning over once every 7 days until the water content of the wood chips reaches 55% and the PH value is 6.5-7.0.
5. The bag-free secondary fermentation layer seeding cultivation process of dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the water content of the stockpile before fermentation is 62-64%, the PH is 6.0-6.5, and the ratio of C/N: 65-80: 1.
6. The bag-free secondary fermentation layer seeding cultivation process of dictyophora rubrovolvata according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the time operation arrangement of the secondary fermentation process is as follows: 1 day: mixing the raw materials, and introducing air until the temperature reaches 70 ℃; 2-3 days: blowing air into the center of the material pile, and keeping the material pile at the surface temperature of 70 ℃ for 48 hours; 4 days: turning over the pile, and introducing air to reach 70 ℃; 5-6 days: blowing air into the center of the material pile, and keeping the material pile at the surface temperature of 70 ℃ for 48 hours; 7 days: turning the pile and finishing fermentation.
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