JP2001269053A - Method for cultivating mushroom by photoirradiation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To augment a yield, to uniform growth and development, to save energy consumed and to improve productivity by performing suitable photoirradiation in all processes for hyphal cultivation, fruit-body emergence, and fruit-body growth and development. SOLUTION: When performing hyphal cultivation where mushroom fungi are inoculated into a mushroom-cultivating medium for Lyophyllum, the culture medium is under continuous or intermittent exposure to yellow or red light from a light source having a peak in a wavelength region of 540-720 nm to propagate and ripen hyphae. When making mushroom emerge, the continuous or intermittent irradiation of blue or green light from a light source having a peak in a wavelength region of 300-550 nm is performed, and when growing and developing the mushroom, the continuous or intermittent irradiation of blue or green light in a wavelength region of 300-550 nm is performed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of cultivating mushrooms by light irradiation utilizing light in an effective wavelength range along the cultivation process in the cultivation of mushrooms such as shimeji, bunashimeji, eryngii, enokitake, maitake and nameko. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, it is already known that light is important as a factor for determining the quality of mushrooms in cultivation of mushrooms. In the prior art, cultivation, development (budding), growth In each step, light was used.

It is known that light effective for mushrooms is light in the blue region, but in actual cultivation, inexpensive white fluorescent lamps are used in consideration of workability and productivity. Because this was most realistic, white fluorescent lights were commonly used for mushroom cultivation.

[0004]

However, in the culturing process, there are several times a day in order to check the progress of culturing and control the culturing environment, and each time the culturing process is installed on the ceiling of the culturing room. In the cultivation bottle at a position where the light of the white fluorescent lamp is likely to be irradiated to turn on the white fluorescent lamp, fruiting bodies have been generated in the cultivation bottle before the mycelium culture is sufficiently performed.

[0005] Such fruiting bodies are called bottle outbreaks,
Since the nutrients in the culture medium are consumed during the culture, the yield of mushrooms at the time of harvesting is reduced, and the quality at the time of harvesting and the uniformity of cultivation days are impaired.

[0006] Furthermore, mushroom spores and the like generated during culturing contaminate the cultivation room, and there are problems such as the occurrence of various germs there, resulting in impairment of culturing.

Further, in the bud-growing process, the method of irradiating light for improving the quality of mushrooms with white light having a wide wavelength range is limited due to the wavelength characteristics of white light, and it is difficult to adjust the quality. there were. In addition, more heat is required from the fluorescent tube to perform the light irradiation than necessary to obtain the effect of white light, and therefore, unnecessary energy consumption such as operation of an air conditioner to maintain the cultivation room temperature occurs. there were.

The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem,
In each step of mycelium culture, fruiting body development, fruiting body growth,
The purpose of the present invention is to provide appropriate light irradiation, increase yield, uniform growth, reduce energy consumption, and improve productivity.

[0009]

The feature of the method for cultivating mushrooms by light irradiation according to the present invention, which solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and achieves the intended purpose, is that of the mushroom culture medium of shimeji mushrooms. When inoculating bacteria and culturing mycelia, the medium is irradiated with yellow or red light continuously or intermittently by a light source having a peak in a wavelength range of 540 to 720 nm to propagate and mature the hyphae, A method for cultivating mushrooms by light irradiation characterized by continuously or intermittently irradiating blue or green light with a light source having a peak in a wavelength range of 300 to 550 nm in a step of generating mushrooms.

[0010] Thus, in the culturing step, 540 to 540
By continuously or intermittently irradiating yellow or red light in the wavelength region of 720 nm to propagate and ripen mycelia, germination during the culturing or ripening process is suppressed, and the subsequent cultivation process is performed stably and with high yield. Rate can be cultivated, and in the step of generating mushrooms, that is, in the sprouting step, 300 to
By continuously or intermittently irradiating blue or green light with a light source having a peak in a wavelength region of 550 nm, the generation of fruiting bodies is promoted, the generation efficiency is improved and productivity is improved as compared with the conventional method. .

In the growing process, 300 to 550 n
It is preferable to continuously or intermittently irradiate blue or green light in the wavelength range of m, and by performing such light irradiation, the quality of mushrooms in growth is improved, and the uniformity is better than that of the conventional method. Workability and productivity are improved by performing stable harvesting.

Although the light source used in the present invention can achieve a certain purpose by using a colored fluorescent tube, it is more preferable to use a light emitting diode as a light source, thereby obtaining a better result.

Further, it is preferable to use a cultivation shelf on which a large number of light emitting diodes are arranged so that the illuminance of the light irradiated in the growing step is within 100 lx over the entire irradiation area. Thus, more uniform hypha culture, fruiting body development and growth are achieved.

Further, a plurality of light-emitting diodes of monochromatic light such as blue, green, red, yellow, orange, etc. are appropriately arranged and arranged side by side on a cultivation shelf, and the light-emitting diodes emit light in any combination of a single color or a plurality of colors. Therefore, it is preferable to perform light irradiation during each step. If light emission is appropriately performed for each single color, fine adjustment of the quality finish can be performed, and the quality can be further improved.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, a method for cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention will be described in detail by taking Bunashimeji as an example. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to Bunashimeji, and is also effective in the present Shimeji, eryngii, enokitake, Maitake, nameko and the like. In addition, it is possible to arbitrarily change the details and the like without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Control Example (Conventional Method) Preparation of Cultivation Medium Various cultivation base materials such as corn cob and rice bran and necessary additives are mixed, adjusted with water, and adjusted in a fixed amount of 850.
The cultivation bottle made of polypropylene of cc is filled, a hole having a diameter of about 2 cm is made downward from the center of the mouth of the bottle, and the lid is closed. Thereafter, high-pressure sterilization is performed at 120 ° C.

Inoculation Step After completion of the sterilization, a culture medium cooled to room temperature is inoculated with an appropriate amount of Bunashimeji inoculum.

Culturing Step The medium after inoculation is left in a culture room at a humidity of 70% and a temperature of 20 ° C., and the bacteria are propagated in the medium and matured. At this time, a white fluorescent lamp is installed on the ceiling of the culture room, which is normally turned on when entering the room for temperature control and inspection of the culture room, and is otherwise turned off.

Germination Step A part of the inoculum at the upper part of the ripened medium is scraped off, and the inoculum is scraped off (microbial scraping), and a small amount of water is added thereto. At 15 ° C. to form fruit body primordia. During occurrence, 0.1 to 2 with white fluorescent light
Illumination of about 0 lux (hereinafter referred to as lx) is performed.

Growth Step The germinated culture medium is transferred to a growth room, placed in a 90% humidity, 15 ° C. environment, and 500-2000 with a white fluorescent lamp.
Light is intermittently illuminated with illuminance of 1x (lighting is repeated for 15 minutes and turned off for 15 minutes). Harvesting starts at the right time.

The results are as shown in Table 1. In this case, at the end of ripening, the occurrence of mushrooms was observed in the cultivation bottles of the culture room where fluorescent light was easily irradiated, and at the time of subsequent harvesting. Also, there was a lot of variation in the yield, which reduced the workability.

Example 1 The same procedure as in the control was performed up to the preparation of the medium and the inoculation step. In the culturing step, the white fluorescent lamp was changed to a yellow fluorescent lamp (having a peak at 570 nm) and a red fluorescent lamp (having a peak at 660 nm). And culturing was carried out in the same manner as in the control example under other conditions. Thereafter, the germination step and the growth step were performed in the same manner as the control example.

In this case, there was no occurrence in the bottle during the culturing, regardless of the irradiation of yellow or red. In addition, it took three days from the start of harvesting to reach a certain size suitable for harvesting, but the yield was 181 ± 2 g per bottle for those irradiated with yellow and those for red irradiated. 1
The yield was 83 ± 2 g, and the quality of the mushrooms was uniform and a uniform yield was obtained.

Example 2 The medium preparation, the inoculation step, and the culture step were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 using the yellow fluorescent lamp, and in the germination step, a blue ( 460n
m and a green (peak at 520 nm) light source, approximately 10 lx relative to the development surface of the medium.
Illumination with illumination of After the development, they grew in the same manner as the control.

In this case, the generation state was good for both colors, and one day earlier than the existing method shown in the control example. In the case of irradiation with blue light in the generation step, a yield of 182 ± 2 g was obtained, and the period from the time when 189 of 192 could be harvested in one day to the time when the harvest was completed was two days. Similarly, when irradiated with green light, a yield of 181 ± 3 g was obtained, and 187 out of 192 trees could be harvested in one day, and the period until the harvest was completed was two days.

Example 3 The medium preparation, the inoculation step, the culturing step, and the generation step are performed in the same manner as in the case of using the yellow fluorescent lamp in Example 1, and blue light (having a peak at 460 nm) is emitted in the growing step. Approximately 20 for germinated mushrooms using diode lighting
Light irradiation was performed at an illumination of 0 lx. The mushrooms harvested at this time were of good quality and the yield was 185 g ± 2 g, and all 192 could be harvested in one day.

In this example, the difference in quality when light of different colors was irradiated using light-emitting diodes of different colors during the growing process was as shown in Table 2.

Table 3 summarizes the light irradiation and harvest status in the control example and each example.

Apparatus Used Next, the cultivation shelves used in the embodiment using a light emitting diode as a light source will be described with reference to the drawings.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a cultivation shelf in which pipes are assembled as pillars and cross members. In this arrangement, cultivation bottle mounting shelves 2, 2,... Are provided in a multi-tiered arrangement, and a plurality of basket-shaped containers 4 each containing a predetermined number of cultivation bottles 3 can be arranged side by side.

On each shelf 2, a light source support board 5 is directed downward.
Are fixed to each board 5, and the light-emitting diodes are arranged so that the illuminance difference of the irradiation light to the cultivation bottles 3 in the entire shelf is 100 lx or less in the growing process. Let it be fixed.

Each of the boards 5 is provided with a plurality of blue, green, red, yellow, and orange monochromatic light emitting diodes 6, 6,... Can be adjusted in light amount so that irradiation light composed of a single color or a combination of a plurality of colors can be appropriately selected and used.

This makes it possible to give an appropriate amount of irradiation at an appropriate time with light of an appropriate wavelength to a culture medium and mushrooms during cultivation. As shown in Table 2, the influence of the wavelength of light on the quality is affected. Therefore, for example, when the stem is desired to be elongated or the umbrella is desired to be enlarged, a light wavelength suitable for the case is selected and the light irradiation is performed.

In each of the above examples, the colored fluorescent lamp may be used in place of the light emitting diode having the same peak, and the peak of each colored fluorescent lamp and light emitting diode may be the same as that shown in the embodiment. It is not limited, and in the mycelium culturing process, yellow and red wavelength bands, that is, 540 to 720 are used.
Any wavelength having a peak in the wavelength range of nm may be used.
What is necessary is just to have a peak in the wavelength range of ５550 nm.

[0035]

According to the method for cultivating mushrooms by light irradiation of the present invention, the generation of mushrooms in a bottle during culturing can be reduced by appropriately irradiating light having a wavelength that effectively works in each step in the mushroom cultivation process. Suppress and obtain a uniform and stable yield at the time of harvesting, and also promote the emergence in the germination process, control the quality during the growth process and obtain a uniform and more stable mushroom harvest at the time of harvesting, Can be improved.

Furthermore, if a light emitting diode is used as a light source, the light source can be scattered and installed in a smaller size than a fluorescent lamp, so that uniform light irradiation can be performed on the cultivation bottle. Intensive cultivation is possible. The light source is almost short wavelength, so it can irradiate the light of the required wavelength efficiently. The operation time is reduced and the energy loss is reduced. The amount of electricity used is only 10% less than that of fluorescent lamps, which reduces running costs. Effects such as no generation of waste are obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an example of a cultivation shelf used in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a low-side view of a light source support board that supports a large number of light emitting diodes as light sources.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation shelf 2 Cultivation bottle mounting shelf 3 Cultivation bottle 4 Container 5 Light source support board 6 Light emitting diode

Claims (6)

[Claims] The present invention relates to a method for inoculating a mushroom medium, such as the present shimeji, beech shimeji, eryngii, enokitake, maitake, and nameko, with mushrooms and culturing the mycelium, the medium contains 540-720.
With a light source having a peak in the wavelength region of nm, the yellow light or red light is continuously or intermittently irradiated to propagate and ripen the mycelium, and in the process of generating mushrooms, the wavelength range is 300 to 550 nm. A method of cultivating mushrooms by light irradiation, wherein blue or green light is continuously or intermittently irradiated by a light source having a peak. 2. The method for cultivating mushrooms by light irradiation according to claim 1, wherein in the growing step, blue or green light is continuously or intermittently irradiated with a light source having a peak in a wavelength range of 300 to 550 nm. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a light-emitting diode. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a colored fluorescent lamp. 5. A cultivation rack on which a large number of light-emitting diodes are arranged so that the illuminance of light applied in the growing step is within 100 lx in the entire irradiation area. Mushroom cultivation method by light irradiation. 6. A plurality of light-emitting diodes of monochromatic light such as blue, green, red, yellow, orange and the like are appropriately arranged and arranged on a cultivation shelf, and the light-emitting diodes emit light in any combination of a single color or a plurality of colors. The mushroom cultivation method by light irradiation according to claim 1, wherein light irradiation during each step is performed by the method.