JP2007222164A - Method for culturing fungus by using the same as living body sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for culturing a fungus, recognizing the optimal shifting stage of its morphogenesis and obtaining a good quality fungus. <P>SOLUTION: This method for culturing the fungus by using the fungus as the living body sensor is provided by observing the change of a living body electric potential of the fungus on giving an environmental stimulation to the fungus, and culturing the fungus based on the changes of the observed living body electric potential. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom as a biosensor.

  Conventionally, fungus bed cultivation and raw wood cultivation are generally employed as an artificial cultivation method for mushrooms.

  For example, in the case of maitake mushroom bed cultivation, a fungus bed (medium) in which nutrients such as rice bran are added to sawdust is sterilized and cooled, inoculated with the inoculum, and mycelia are spread in the fungus bed, Harvest is carried out by forming maitake fruiting primordia on the fungus bed, and generating and growing maitake fruiting primordia from this maitake fruiting primordium.

  In addition, in this method for artificial cultivation of maitake, observation of the appearance change of maitake from seed inoculation to fruiting body harvesting and empirical management using culture days as an index are performed.

  By the way, in order to successfully promote so-called maitake morphogenesis, such as the formation of fruiting body primordia from the mycelium in which mycelia have spread and the generation and growth of fruiting bodies from the fruiting body primordium, When the fruit body primordium is formed from the dried fungus bed, it is necessary to give an appropriate environmental stimulus such as light and temperature at an appropriate time. That is, in the case where the fruit body primordium is formed from the mycelium in which the mycelium has spread, the time when the nutrients are sufficiently stored in the mycelium (mycelium) is the above-mentioned appropriate time ( When an appropriate environmental stimulus such as light or temperature is applied to the fungus bed in the optimum transition stage, the subsequent formation of the fruiting body primordium is successfully performed. A good fruiting body can be obtained.

  However, it is troublesome to determine whether or not the maitake to be cultivated is in the optimum transition stage described above, and it is therefore difficult to give environmental stimulus to the cultivated maitake at an appropriate timing.

  This is because, in the conventional empirical management method using the observation of appearance change and the number of days of culture as an index as in the past, when a change in appearance is observed in maitake, in many cases, the endogenous change has already ended. This is because it is very difficult to identify the maitake at the optimal transition stage.

  Moreover, since the observation of the above-described change in appearance is performed by visual observation, the difference between the observers is large, and whether or not it is in the optimum transition stage must depend on the qualities of the observer (grower) and is objective. From this point, it is difficult to determine whether or not it is in the optimum transition stage.

  Therefore, in the conventional method for artificial cultivation of maitake, it is difficult to properly determine the state that has reached the optimal transition stage and to provide environmental stimulation at an appropriate timing. The current situation is that we have to give it.

  In fact, since maitake cultivation simultaneously forms a large number of fruiting bodies, in the production lot in which a large number of fungal beds in the optimal transition stage occupy a large number, the number of days from the beginning to the end of the harvest is short as a whole. On the contrary, in the production lots where the number of fungal beds with many cells in the optimal transition stage was small, the number of days from the beginning to the end of the harvest was long as a whole, and the yield and quality were good. There is also a problem that the productivity of each production lot becomes uneven.

  In order to identify the mushrooms that have reached the optimum transition stage in morphogenesis and to provide the environmental stimulus necessary for this morphogenesis at the most optimal timing, mushrooms (mycelia, fruit body primaries or fruit bodies) As a result of earnest research based on the knowledge that it is necessary to detect internal changes quickly, (1) when the environmental stimulus is given to mushrooms, the bioelectric potential inherent in mushrooms changes, (2) optimal Mushrooms that have reached the transitional stage The stage that has not reached the optimal transitional stage is that the changes in the bioelectric potential when environmental stimuli are applied are different, and there is a significant increase in bioelectrical potential when environmental stimuli are applied to mushrooms. Since mushroom morphogenesis tends to be good, mushrooms are considered to have reached the optimal transition stage when there is a significant increase in biopotential to environmental stimuli. Thus, it found that may be given to environmental stimuli, two in this case, by utilizing this fact, in which to complete the method of cultivating a good mushroom efficiently.

  The gist of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  A mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom as a biosensor characterized by cultivating mushrooms based on this confirmed bioelectric potential change, ascertaining changes in mushroom bioelectric potential when environmental stimuli are applied to mushrooms It is related to.

  Further, in the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to claim 1 as a biosensor, the mushroom is cultivated by determining whether to give an environmental stimulus to the mushroom based on the confirmed change in bioelectric potential. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms using a mushroom characterized by the above as a biosensor.

  Further, in the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to any one of claims 1 and 2 as a biosensor, the bioelectric potential change to be recognized is an inclination of a mushroom biopotential at a predetermined time, and this inclination The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms using a mushroom as a biosensor, wherein an environmental stimulus is given to the mushroom if positive, and no environmental stimulus is given to the mushroom if negative.

  Moreover, in the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to claim 3 as a living body sensor, when the inclination is positive, no environmental stimulus is given until the upper limit value is set, and the upper limit value is exceeded. An environmental stimulus is applied, and when the slope is negative, the environmental stimulus is applied until a predetermined lower limit value is reached or less, and the environmental stimulus is not applied when the slope is lower than the lower limit value. The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method using mushrooms as a biosensor.

  Further, in the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as a biological sensor, the environmental stimulus is given by an environmental stimulus applying device 3, and the change of the bioelectric potential is confirmed by a bioelectric potential measuring device. The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom characterized by performing by 2 as a biosensor.

  Further, in the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to claim 5 as a biosensor, the biopotential measuring device 2 includes an electrode portion 2A for measuring a biopotential and an amplification for amplifying the biopotential measured by the electrode portion 2A. The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a mushroom using a mushroom characterized by comprising the part 2B as a biosensor.

  Moreover, in the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom of any one of Claims 1-6 as a biometric sensor, when cultivating several mushrooms, the confirmation of the bioelectric potential change of the part of the mushroom to grow is concerned. The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom characterized by being used as a biosensor.

  Moreover, in the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom of any one of Claims 1-7 as a biosensor, the said environmental stimulus imparting apparatus 3 is the light irradiation apparatus 3a which irradiates light to a mushroom, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom as a biosensor.

  The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to claim 8 as a biosensor, wherein the light has a predetermined light quality, and relates to a mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom as a biosensor.

  Moreover, in the mushroom cultivation method which uses the mushroom of any one of Claims 1-7 as a biosensor, the said environmental stimulus imparting apparatus 3 is the temperature control apparatus 3b which adjusts a mushroom to predetermined | prescribed temperature. The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method using the characteristic mushroom as a biosensor.

  Moreover, in the mushroom cultivation method which uses the mushroom of any one of Claims 1-7 as a biosensor, the said environmental stimulus provision apparatus 3 is the humidification apparatus 3c which adds predetermined humidity to a mushroom, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom as a biosensor.

  Moreover, in the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom of Claims 1-7 as a biosensor, the said environmental stimulus provision apparatus 3 is the gas concentration control apparatus 3d which adjusts the gas concentration in cultivation atmosphere, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method using mushrooms as a biosensor.

  The present invention recognizes changes in the bioelectric potential of mushrooms when environmental stimuli are applied to the mushrooms, and cultivates mushrooms based on the recognized changes in the bioelectric potential. You will get a good quality mushroom.

  An embodiment of the present invention which is considered to be suitable will be briefly described with reference to the drawings showing the operation of the present invention.

  When mushrooms are cultivated, environmental stimuli are given to the mushrooms, the changes in the bioelectric potential of the mushrooms in response to the environmental stimuli are confirmed, and the mushrooms are cultivated based on the confirmed changes in the bioelectric potential.

  The mushroom in the present invention is a mushroom that is cultivated in a facility where the environment can be artificially controlled, such as a mushroom cultivation factory, and includes fungus bed cultivation (including bags and bottles as containers), log cultivation It is a mushroom.

  In addition, the bioelectric potential of the mushroom in the present invention refers to a micropotential (several mV) generated by the concentration difference of the internal ions of the mushroom cell membrane.

  In addition, in the present invention, the target for measuring the bioelectric potential is a fruit body, a fruit body primordium, or a mycelium that spreads in a log or a fungus bed 9.

  The biopotential measuring apparatus 2 according to the present invention includes an electrode unit 2A for measuring a biopotential and an amplifying unit 2B for amplifying the biopotential measured by the electrode unit 2A. Is composed of a positive electrode 2a, a negative electrode 2b and an indifferent electrode 2c. The positive electrode 2a, the negative electrode 2b and the indifferent electrode 2c are inserted into the mushroom, respectively, and the bioelectric potential of the mushroom is measured. Know the changes.

  In order to favorably promote so-called mushroom morphogenesis, such as the formation of fruiting body primordia from the mycelial bed 9 in which mycelia have spread and the generation and growth of fruiting bodies from the fruiting body primordia, In order to form a good fruiting body primordial from the floor 9, depending on the type of mushrooms such as light (including environmental stimuli that do not give light at all), temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc. Appropriate environmental stimulation needs to be given.

  That is, in the case where the fruiting body primordium is formed from the mycelium 9 in which the mycelium has spread, the time when the nutrients are sufficiently stored in the mycelium (mycelium) is the appropriate time ( It is said that it is the optimal transition stage), and the formation of the fruiting body primordium is given to the mycelium in the optimal transition stage by applying appropriate environmental stimuli according to the type of mushrooms such as light, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc. Is performed well, and finally a fruit body having a good shape and size is obtained.

  In addition, the present inventors have (1) that when an environmental stimulus is applied to a mushroom, the bioelectric potential inherent in the mushroom changes, and (2) the mushroom that has reached the optimal transition stage has not reached the optimal transition stage. Since the change in biopotential when environmental stimulus is applied is different, and mushroom morphogenesis tends to be better when a significant increase in biopotential is observed when environmental stimulus is applied to mushrooms, If there is a significant increase in the bioelectric potential with respect to environmental stimuli, the mushroom is considered to have reached the optimal transition stage. Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to apply environmental stimuli. Obtain the inclination of the bioelectric potential for a given time for a given mushroom. If this inclination is a positive predetermined inclination, give an environmental stimulus to the mushroom. If it is a negative predetermined inclination, avoid giving an environmental stimulus to the mushroom. , It was confirmed that morphogenesis of mushrooms are well performed.

  Furthermore, the present inventors applied environmental stimuli such as light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration to the mushroom to be cultivated, and when the change in the biopotential of the mushroom was confirmed, the change in the biopotential that was confirmed ( The environmental stimulus is not applied until the (slope) exceeds the preset upper limit value. The environmental stimulus is applied when the inclination exceeds the upper limit value, and this state is maintained until the lower limit value is reached. Confirm that the formation of mushrooms can be performed well by repeating the application of environmental stimulation, such as not to give a stimulus, and then maintain this state until it reaches the upper limit or higher. did.

  Therefore, the present invention recognizes changes in the bioelectric potential of mushrooms when environmental stimuli are applied to the mushrooms, and cultivates mushrooms based on the recognized changes in bioelectric potential. It will be accurately understood and good quality mushrooms will be obtained.

  Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  This embodiment is a maitake cultivation method using maitake as a biosensor, and a plurality of maitakes are arranged in a cultivation room 4 that can impart artificial environmental stimulation, and one of the maitakes. Is set as a biosensor, and a change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake set in the biosensor with respect to the environmental stimulus is ascertained, and an environmental stimulus is continuously applied to the plurality of mitakes based on the confirmed change in the biopotential. It is a case where it decides whether to cancel or to cultivate a plurality of maitake at the same time.

  In addition, after confirming the change in the bioelectric potential, the application of the environmental stimulus is once stopped, and then it is determined whether to apply the environmental stimulus or not based on the confirmed change in the bioelectric potential.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of maitake is arranged in the cultivation room 4.

  The bioelectric potential measuring device 2 is disposed outside the cultivation room 4 and in the environmental booth 10.

  In the present embodiment, the bioelectric potential measuring device 2 is installed in the simple environment booth 10 to prevent the interference from the outside and to accurately measure the bioelectric potential.

  The biopotential measuring apparatus 2 has a configuration in which an electrode 2A is connected to an amplifier 2B.

  The electrode section 2A is inserted into a maitake set in a biosensor among a plurality of maitake in the cultivation room 4.

  The electrode portion 2A is composed of a positive electrode 2a, a negative electrode 2b, and an indifferent electrode 2c. In this embodiment, the positive electrode 2a, the negative electrode 2b, and the indifferent electrode 2c have a diameter of about φ0. By adopting the 5 mm silver needle electrode portion 2A, the bioelectric potential can be measured while preventing polarization.

  The output of the amplifier 2B is connected to a computer 5 and a pen recorder 8 disposed outside the simple environment booth 10.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, the measured value of the bioelectric potential amplified and output by the amplifier 2B is continuously recorded by the computer 5 and the pen recorder 8.

  The computer 5 is configured to calculate and analyze the recorded biopotential change, that is, the biopotential change (slope) for a predetermined time.

  In the case of the present embodiment, the environmental stimulus employs a light irradiation device 3a that can provide light (desired light quality described below is desirable).

  In the case of the present embodiment, the light irradiation device 3a is attached to the upper part of the cultivation room 4 so that light hits the upper part of the maitake. In addition, although the arrangement | positioning position of the said light irradiation apparatus 3a can be suitably set other than a present Example, the fungus of a maitake is obtained by attaching the light irradiation apparatus 3a to the upper part of a maitake like a present Example. The umbrella is efficiently irradiated with light, and the bioelectric potential and morphogenesis of maitake are improved.

  Further, in the cultivation room 4, a temperature sensor 6 and a humidity sensor 7 are installed, and output terminals of the temperature sensor 6 and the humidity sensor 7 are connected to the computer 5 and the pen recorder 8. And humidity are recorded continuously.

  In the case of this example, in order to make environmental stimuli other than light constant, a predetermined temperature and humidity were set in advance in the computer 5 and measured by the temperature sensor 6 and the humidity sensor 7 in the cultivation room 4. When the temperature and humidity are different from the above settings, the computer 5 controls the Peltier element 3b and the ultrasonic humidifier 3c to adjust the temperature and humidity in the cultivation room 4 to a substantially constant state.

  The Peltier element 3b is preferable because it can be rapidly cooled and heated only by controlling the current. However, an appropriate heating / cooling means can be employed in addition to the Peltier element 3b. In addition to the ultrasonic humidifier 3c, appropriate humidifying means can be employed.

  Furthermore, in the case of the present embodiment, a gas concentration control device 3d for controlling the gas concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. in the cultivation room 4 is provided.

  Specifically, an air buffer 3d is adopted as the gas concentration control device 3d, and air inside and outside the cultivation room 4 is once collected in the air buffer 3d so that the gas concentration composition in the cultivation room 4 becomes equal, and AC It is set as the structure which sends air in the cultivation room 4 through a duct with a fan.

  Note that the computer 5 constantly records the temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and atmospheric pressure in the air buffer 3d.

  The maitake cultivation method using the maitake of this example as a biosensor will be described in detail below.

  In a present Example, the fungal bed 9 which the fruit body primordium of the maitake was formed through the following processes (1)-(4) is arrange | positioned in the said cultivation room 4 (refer FIG. 1). ).

(1) Medium preparation and sterilization Medium base materials and additives such as corn cob, rice bran, hardwood ogaco, etc. are mixed while being added at a volume ratio of about 10: 2, and adjusted to an appropriate water content (about 65%). This is filled into a polypropylene heat-resistant bag or 800-850 cc cultivation bottle with a sterilizing filter for ventilation. A hole with a diameter of about 2 cm is opened below, the lid is closed, and pasteurization is performed at 121 ° C. for a certain period of time.

(2) Inoculation with inoculum After sterilization, cool the whole day and night, and inoculate a suitable amount of inoculum of maitake (Grifola frondosa (Dicks. Fr). At this time, the formation method of the fruiting body primaries affects the formation of the fruiting body. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a space for forming the fruiting body primordium. The space is about a quarter of the upper surface around the ventilation hole and about 5 cm in height. It is common to fold the bag's mouth 3-4 times and put both ends together with staples or rubber bands.

(3) Mycelial culture The medium after inoculation is cultured in a dark culture room at a humidity of 60 to 70%, a temperature of 20 to 30 ° C. Ventilate during culture to release carbon dioxide by breathing.

(4) Formation of fruit body primordial maitake mushrooms are formed in a culture room until “emergence” because the growth temperature of mycelium and the formation temperature of fruit body primordium overlap. After confirming that the fruiting body primorium is sufficiently raised, discolored to dark gray, and that the surface is raised on the wave, it moves to the cultivation room 4. Then, after 2 to 3 days, the fruit body primordium becomes black and water droplets are not noticeable, and then the bag is cut only at the part where the fruit body grows. The cutting method is to cut into a cross of about 5 cm with a cutter, or remove the vent hole.

  Next, in the present embodiment, the electrode unit 2A of the bioelectric potential measuring device 2 is inserted into the fruit body primordium set in the biosensor among the plurality of units moved to the cultivation room 4.

  Specifically, the negative electrode 2b is about 10 mm below the positive electrode 2a inserted into the fruit body primordium, and the indifferent electrode 2c is about 10 mm deep at the boundary between the fruit body primordium and the fungus bed 9. (Note that FIG. 2 is a photograph in which the fruiting body primordial has grown into a fruiting body).

  In the case of the present embodiment, a differential biopotential amplifier (CMMR: about 120 dB or more, S / N ratio: about 80 dB) is used as the amplifier 2B of the biopotential measuring device 2, and the amplification factor is increased by 50 times. Set.

  That is, the amplification factor is set to 50 times, which is considered not to cause saturation because the change in the bioelectric potential of maitake is approximately 40 mV to 60 mV. Further, the output bias voltage of the amplifier 2B is set to ± 0V.

  Next, light stimulation is applied to the maitake in the cultivation room 4 by the light irradiation device 3a.

  In this embodiment, a light emitting diode is employed as the light irradiation device 3a.

Specifically, as the light-emitting diode, an ultra-bright blue light-emitting diode (center emission wavelength 470 nm, radiant flux density 6 W / m ² ) is adopted, and a panel in which a plurality of blue light-emitting diodes are attached is used in the cultivation room 4. Place at the top.

  That is, when the present inventors examined the light quality dependency in the change of the bioelectric potential of the maitake using the maitake as a biosensor, the maitake has a bioelectric potential in the blue region (430 to 470 nm) near the blue region. The change is large, and gradually decreases in the green / yellow region, and almost no change is obtained in the red region (see Experimental Example 2 and FIG. 6 described later).

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, when comparing the maitake grown with blue light and red light, it was confirmed that the maitake of blue light had better morphogenesis, the color was darker, and the spread of the fungus umbrella was larger. ing.

  In addition, as a study of light quality dependence, we also examined the light intensity (radiant flux density) in the blue wavelength range. The biopotential response of the fruiting body is proportional to the light intensity (photon flux density). (See Experimental Example 3 and FIG. 8 described later).

Incidentally, when comparing the maitake grown in blue light and blue light 6W / m ² of 2W / m ^2, better of Maitake grown in blue light of 6W / m ² is good morphogenesis, colors darker, It is confirmed that the spread of the fungus umbrella is large.

The reason for this is that when the intensity of the blue light to be irradiated is strong, the activity of pigments having a specific photorefractive action in the blue region such as flavonoids of maitake increases, and the formation of a dense fungus leads to good morphogenesis. I can guess that. The radiant flux density of 6 W / m ² corresponds to about 2.5 times the light intensity used in a general mushroom cultivation factory.

  In this embodiment, simultaneously with the application of the light stimulus, the computer 5 recognizes the change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake set in the biosensor in response to the light stimulus.

  The change in the bioelectric potential in the present embodiment is calculated from the measurement value of the bioelectric potential of the analysis section length of 60 minutes with respect to the light stimulus of the maitake serving as a biosensor (for example, sampling is 60 data at 1 minute intervals). Is the slope of the regression line.

  In this embodiment, in addition to the analysis interval length of 60 minutes, the change in biopotential may be ascertained from the measured value of the biopotential with an appropriate analysis interval length.

  Next, in the case of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, if the confirmed change in the bioelectric potential is a change in the positive direction, the light stimulation is continuously applied to the maitake, and if the change is in the negative direction, The application of the light stimulus to the maitake is stopped, and the light stimulus is again applied to the maitake when the change in the bioelectric potential becomes positive.

  In the case of the present embodiment, positive and negative thresholds (threshold levels) of changes in bioelectric potential, that is, upper and lower limits of changes in bioelectric potential are input to the computer 5, Compared with the change in bioelectric potential confirmed from the maitake of the example, until the change of the bioelectric potential confirmed from the maitake of the present example is equal to or higher than a preset upper limit, If it exceeds the upper limit, a light stimulus is applied, and this state is maintained until the lower limit is reached, and if it is less than the lower limit, the light stimulus is not applied, and then this state is maintained until the upper limit is reached. The configuration is to be maintained.

  Here, the upper limit value and the lower limit value are based on a very small change in the bioelectric potential inherent in the biosensor mitake that has been allowed to stand for a predetermined period of time in a condition where the light stimulus is not applied in advance (the dark cultivation room 4). It may be set as appropriate, or may be set as appropriate based on the change in the biopotential of the biosensor mitake that has been left standing for a predetermined time under a condition in which light stimulation has been applied in advance (the bright cultivation room 4).

  That is, in this embodiment, since it was predicted that the very small change in the bioelectric potential becomes noise and the activation / deactivation of the light stimulus applying device 3a is performed at fine intervals, the upper limit value and the lower limit value are preliminarily set. And are set.

  In this embodiment, the upper limit value is set to +0.005, and the lower limit value is set to -0.005. As a result, the influence of minute noise is eliminated, switching between operation and non-operation at fine intervals can be prevented, and the formation of mitake is better.

  The upper limit value and the lower limit value may be changed each time depending on the growth degree of mitake, and the upper limit value and lower limit value may be appropriately changed depending on the type of environmental stimulus.

  Moreover, in the case of a present Example, in order to make environmental stimuli other than light constant, the temperature in the said cultivation room 4 shall be 16-22 degreeC.

  In particular, when the temperature in the cultivation room 4 is 18 ° C., the change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake is the largest, and it has been confirmed that the morphogenesis of the maitake is good at this temperature (Experimental Example 4 and later described). (See FIGS. 9 and 10.)

  Moreover, the humidity in the cultivation room 4 is set to a range of plus or minus 5% centering on 95%. It has been confirmed that the formation of maitake mushrooms is good when the humidity in the cultivation room 4 is in the range of plus or minus 5% centering on 95%.

  Moreover, it has confirmed that the morphogenesis of a maitake is good by making the oxygen in the cultivation room 4 into 21%, and carbon dioxide into 600 ppm-700 ppm (refer Experimental example 5 mentioned later, FIG. 11, FIG. 12). .)

  In this embodiment, when each maitake is placed on a lab jack and the distance between the maitake and the light irradiation device 3a is constantly adjusted (for example, 3 cm), the light always becomes a maitake with a constant intensity. Since irradiation is performed, the bioelectric potential and morphogenesis of maitake are improved.

  While setting all the several maitake in the cultivation room 4 to a biosensor, it is set as the structure which provides the light stimulus by the independent light irradiation apparatus 3a for every maitake, and continues giving an environmental stimulus for each maitake or You may decide whether to cancel.

  Also, cultivated by giving environmental stimuli to maitake that was set in advance in the biosensor, knowing the change in bioelectric potential of the maitake at this time and obtaining it as sample data, and later, based on this sample data, environmental stimuli A plurality of maitake mushrooms may be cultivated without automatically confirming the change of the bioelectric potential while automatically controlling whether or not to give.

  In this embodiment, light is used as an environmental stimulus suitable for mitake, but a temperature stimulus may be used as the environmental stimulus. Specifically, based on the result of Experimental Example 4 to be described later, a temperature control device set in advance so that a temperature of 18 ° C. at which the change of the bioelectric potential becomes the largest in the optimum transition stage of maitake morphogenesis is applied to the maitake. 3b (for example, an air conditioner) may be employed.

  Further, moisture may be added to the maitake as an environmental stimulus. As for the moisture, the moisture having the largest change in the bioelectric potential in the optimum transition stage of maitake morphogenesis is previously grasped, and the predetermined moisture in which the change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake is maximized is given. The humidifier 3c may be adjusted.

  Moreover, you may adjust gas concentrations, such as oxygen in a cultivation room atmosphere, a carbon dioxide, as environmental stimulation. The gas concentration is obtained in advance by grasping the concentration at which the change in the bioelectric potential at the optimum transition stage of maitake morphogenesis is the largest, and at a predetermined gas concentration atmosphere in which the change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake is the largest. The gas concentration control device 3d may be controlled so as to be.

  In addition, appropriate environmental stimuli such as light, temperature, humidity, and gas concentration may be combined and applied to the maitake according to the purpose. In this case, the best environmental stimulus for the maitake in the combined environmental conditions. It is better to use a program that gives priority. In addition, it is good also as a different kind of environmental stimulus at the time of confirming the change of the bioelectric potential of a maitake, and the environmental stimulus given based on this confirmed change of the bioelectric potential after that.

  Since there is an environmental stimulus suitable for each type of mushroom (for example, the environmental stimulus suitable for the formation of the fruit body of Bunashimeji is temperature), the mushrooms other than the maitake mushrooms are also appropriately stimulated by the environmental stimulus applying device 3. The cultivation can be performed in the same manner as in this example.

  Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, the optimal transition stage of maitake morphogenesis can be accurately understood, and environmental stimulation can be given at the most optimal timing, and therefore, a maitake cultivation method capable of obtaining high-quality mushrooms and Become.

  Moreover, since only one of a plurality of maitake mushrooms to be cultivated is a biosensor maitake, the operation is not troublesome.

  In addition, since maitake that confirms changes in bioelectric potential and maitake that does not recognize changes in bioelectric potential are cultivated together as one lot, each production lot requires the shortest number of days for morphogenesis, and the beginning of harvesting. The number of days from start to finish is short, yield and quality are the best, and the productivity of each production lot is uniform.

  In addition, this embodiment employs a light emitting diode as the light irradiating device 3a, so that, for example, light irradiation can be performed with low voltage and minimal current and energy saving compared to a conventional bean bulb or the like. Since it has a long life compared to a light bulb or the like, it can be irradiated with light at a low cost, and since it does not generate heat during the irradiation of light, the temperature in the cultivation room 4 does not increase and the inside of the cultivation room 4 Temperature management can be facilitated.

  In addition, since the light from the light emitting diode has high directivity, it is possible to irradiate the maitake intensively depending on the setting of the position of the light source, which not only saves energy but also forms of the maitake. Formation can be performed efficiently.

In addition, this embodiment employs a blue light-emitting diode as a light stimulus, and by setting the intensity of this light to 6 W / m ² , it is possible to cause a large change in biopotential in the maitake, The change is surely and easily performed, and the maitake morphogenesis can be performed more efficiently.

  In addition, in the present embodiment, the change of the bioelectric potential of maitake and the promotion of morphogenesis of maitake are well performed by setting the temperature, humidity, and gas concentration in the cultivation room 4 to be constant.

  In addition, since the present embodiment determines whether or not to continue to provide an environmental stimulus by comparing the bioelectric potential change ascertained from the maitake with a preset upper limit value and lower limit value, the upper limit value and the lower limit value are not reached. There is no change in activation / deactivation of light emitting diodes at fine intervals because minute changes in bioelectric potential are known, and environmental stimulation is efficiently applied, and maitake morphogenesis is good. Become.

  In addition, if environmental stimuli are continuously applied to mushrooms in the optimal transition stage for a long time, changes in the bioelectric potential of mushrooms will not be seen (saturates), and light irradiation energy will be wasted and morphogenesis will be promoted. Although the effect may not be sufficiently obtained, since the present embodiment determines whether or not to apply an environmental stimulus according to the change in the bioelectric potential of the mushroom, there is no waste of light irradiation energy, and the morphogenesis is performed efficiently. It can be performed.

(Experimental example 1)
Experimental Example 1 confirms the effect of the maitake cultivation method using the maitake of this example as a biological sensor.

  Specifically, the panel to which the blue light emitting diode of this embodiment is attached is disposed as the light irradiation device 3a on the cultivation room 4 and the operation / non-operation of the blue light emitting diode is controlled according to the change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake. A section of this embodiment (referred to as biological rhythm control in the chart), and a section (referred to as 12L12D in the chart) where the light irradiation device 3a of the same cultivation room 4 is operated for 12 hours and then deactivated for 12 hours. ), A section for operating the light irradiation device 3a of the same cultivation room 4 for 24 hours (referred to as 24L0D in the chart), and the light irradiation device 3a of the same cultivation room 4 activated / not activated every 30 minutes. A section to be operated (referred to as ON / OFF for 30 minutes in the chart) and a dark section (referred to as a dark state in the chart) in which the light irradiation device 3a is not provided in the cultivation room 4 were provided as a control.

  In each cultivation room 4, a bacterial bed 9 having been formed for about 5 days after the fruiting body primordium was formed was arranged. As for the biological rhythm control section, similarly to the above-described embodiment, the microbial bed 9 into which the silver needle electrode portion 2A is inserted and the two microbial beds 9 into which the silver needle electrode portion 2A is not inserted are connected to the interlock control section (diagram). This is called “interlocking control”.

  Furthermore, while setting the room temperature in each cultivation room 4 to 18 degreeC, outside air and inside air are once collected in the air buffer 3d so that an air composition may become equal, and air is put in each cultivation room 4 through an intake duct with an AC fan. Sent in.

  Subsequently, a cultivation experiment for 2 weeks was performed, and the growth course (morphogenesis) of maitake was observed.

  The size of the fruiting body was measured every other day with respect to the major axis direction and the minor axis direction, and the height from the upper part of the fungus bed 9 (see FIG. 4). Moreover, the size and fresh weight of each maitake fruit body were measured on the last day of the experiment. The results are shown in Table 1.

  From Table 1, the biological rhythm control section and the interlocking control section showed a difference in morphogenesis, such as the umbrella of the fruiting body opened greatly and the fruiting body grew higher than the other sections. Moreover, regarding the weight at the time of harvest, as shown in Table 1 and FIG. 5, the biological rhythm control section and the interlock control section became heavy. When the same test as in Experimental Example 1 was repeated, reproducibility was observed.

  From the above results, the morphogenesis of cultivated maitake is better when the environmental stimulus is given according to the change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake than when the environmental stimulus is not given according to the change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake It can be said.

(Experimental example 2)
In Experimental Example 2, it was confirmed how the wavelength of light affects the morphogenesis of mitake.

  The cultivation room 4 is adjusted to a room temperature of 18 ° C. and a humidity of 95%, and after passing through the steps (1) to (4) of the Examples, Arranged.

  Specifically, an eye short arc type xenon lamp (300 W) was adopted as the light irradiation device 3a.

  Since the irradiation light of the xenon lamp includes wavelengths other than visible light, irradiation light from which wavelengths in the ultraviolet region (400 nm or less) and infrared region (700 nm or more) have been removed in advance using an optical filter was used.

  By passing the irradiation light through a specific interference filter, it becomes monochromatic light (light having a specific wavelength), and the light having the specific wavelength is collected by a condenser lens. Irradiated on top.

In addition, light irradiation was performed by changing the wavelength in the range of 400 to 680 nm and setting the intensity to a photon flux density of 35 μmol / m ² / s, and the amount of change in the bioelectric potential of maitake was measured.

  In addition, the bioelectric potential was measured according to the above-described cultivation method of maitake of this example.

  As shown in FIG. 6, mitake has a large change in bioelectric potential in the vicinity of the blue region (430 to 470 nm), gradually decreases in the vicinity of the green / yellow region (480 to 570 nm), and substantially changes in the vicinity of the red region (610 nm). The results are not shown.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, it can be said that the maitake grown under the blue region (430 to 470 nm) has good morphogenesis.

(Experimental example 3)
In Experimental Example 3, it was confirmed how the intensity of light affects the morphogenesis of mitake.

  The cultivation room 4 is adjusted to a room temperature of 18 ° C. and a humidity of 95%, and after passing through the steps (1) to (4) of the Examples, Arranged.

  Moreover, each said microbial bed 9 is mounted in a laboratory jack.

Specifically, a blue light emitting diode (radiant flux density 6 W / m ² ) is employed as the light irradiation device 3a. A panel to which a plurality of blue light emitting diodes are attached is arranged at the top of the cultivation room.

  In addition, the change of the light intensity (radiant flux density) can be adjusted by moving the lab jack up and down to adjust the distance between the height of the fungus bed 9 and the light irradiation device 3a so that the light intensity at the top of the fruit body is always a predetermined intensity. To do.

The light intensity at the top of the fungus bed 9 was set to be ^{3, 4} , 6, 8, 10 W / m ² , the light was irradiated, and the amount of change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake was measured.

  In addition, the bioelectric potential was measured according to the above-described cultivation method of maitake of this example.

  As shown in FIG. 8, it has been confirmed that the biopotential response of the fruiting body is proportional to the light intensity.

(Experimental example 4)
Experimental example 4 confirms what influence the temperature in the cultivation room 4 has on the morphogenesis of maitake.

  In the cultivation room 4, the fungus bed 9, which had passed about 5 days after the formation of the fruit body primordia of maitake, was disposed through the steps (1) to (4) of the examples.

  Irradiation of light was performed in accordance with the method for cultivating maitake of this example described above.

  Moreover, the temperature in the cultivation room 4 was changed to 16 to 22 degreeC which is the temperature generally set at the production site by the Peltier device 3b.

  Specifically, the peltier element 3b is controlled by the computer 5 to change the temperature in the cultivation room 4 in the order of 16 ° C., 18 ° C., 20 ° C., 22 ° C., and this is one crew, and each temperature is 24 to 36 hours. In the process of cultivation while maintaining the degree, changes in the bioelectric potential of maitake were observed. The experiment was performed on five maitake.

  In addition, the bioelectric potential was measured according to the above-described cultivation method of maitake of this example.

  As shown in Table 2 and FIG. 9, when the light irradiation conditions are the same, when the temperature in the cultivation room 4 is set to 18 ° C., the change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake is the largest, and the biopotential response to light stimulation It was confirmed that was seen.

  In addition, when cultivated at 18 ° C where bioelectric potential changes the most, when cultivated at 14 ° C, the morphogenesis at the end of cultivation of each maitake is shown in Fig. 10, and the weight at each harvest (fresh weight) is shown. Table 3 shows.

  Moreover, what compared about the vertical width of the fruit body upper surface and a horizontal width is shown in Table 4. (In Table 4, A shows the case where it cultivates at 14 degreeC and B cultivates at 18 degreeC.).

  Therefore, in this example, when the temperature in the cultivation room 4 is 18 ° C., the change in the bioelectric potential of the maitake is the largest, and it can be said that the maitake under this temperature has good morphogenesis.

(Experimental example 5)
Experimental example 5 confirms what kind of influence the carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation room 4 has on morphogenesis.

  The cultivation room 4 is adjusted to room temperature 18 ° C., humidity 95%, carbon dioxide concentration 500 to 800 ppm, and after the steps (1) to (4) of the examples, the fruit body primordium of maitake is formed on the 5th. The bacteria bed 9 which passed so much was arrange | positioned.

  As for the carbon dioxide concentration, air inside and outside the cultivation room 4 is once collected in the air buffer 3d so that the gas concentration in the cultivation room 4 becomes uniform by the gas concentration control device 3d, and the air is supplied to the cultivation room 4 through a duct by an AC fan. To control.

Moreover, a blue light emitting diode (radiant flux density 6 W / m ² ) is employed as the light irradiation device 3 a. A panel to which a plurality of blue light emitting diodes are attached is arranged at the top of the cultivation room.

  In addition, light irradiation was repeated ON / OFF for 30 minutes, and the bioelectric potential of maitake was continuously measured.

  Seven hours after the start of measurement, the carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation room 4 was increased to a concentration exceeding 5000 ppm, this state was maintained for 10 hours, and the bioelectric potential was continuously measured.

  Then, ventilation is performed by opening the window of the cultivation room 4 in a state where the carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation room 4 is set in the computer 5 in advance from 500 ppm to 800 ppm, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation room 4 is set as described above. When the value was reached, the window of the cultivation room 4 was closed, and the bioelectric potential was continuously measured.

  In addition, the bioelectric potential was measured according to the above-described cultivation method of maitake of this example.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 11, the biopotential of the fruiting body is drastically lowered when the cultivation room 4 is under a high-concentration carbon dioxide condition, and a biopotential response to light stimulation under a certain condition is not seen. It was confirmed.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 12, when the carbon dioxide concentration in the cultivation room is reduced to the set value by performing ventilation, it is confirmed that the biopotential response to the light stimulation is restored again after several hours.

  Therefore, fruit body growth was inhibited under high carbon dioxide conditions, suggesting a relationship between the fruit body biopotential response and morphogenesis.

It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the cultivation apparatus of a present Example. It is the photograph of the state which became the fruit body after inserting the electrode part of a present Example. It is a flowchart of the control according to the change of the bioelectric potential of a present Example. It is explanatory drawing of Experimental example 1. FIG. It is a graph which shows the result of Experimental example 1. FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the wavelength of the light of Experimental example 2, and bioelectric potential change amount. It is the photograph of the maitake which compared the influence which the wavelength of light of Experimental example 2 (blue light and red light) has on morphogenesis. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the light intensity and the bioelectric potential change amount of Experimental Example 3. It is a graph which shows the influence which the environmental temperature of Experimental example 4 has on bioelectric potential. It is a photograph of the maitake which compared the influence which the environmental temperature (14 degreeC and 18 degreeC) of Experimental example 4 has on morphogenesis. It is a graph which shows the influence which the carbon dioxide concentration of Experimental example 5 has on a bioelectric potential response. It is a graph which shows the influence which the carbon dioxide concentration after the ventilation of Experimental example 5 has on a bioelectric potential response.

Explanation of symbols

2 Bioelectric potential measuring device 2A Electrode unit 2B Amplifying unit 3 Environmental stimulus applying device 3a Light irradiation device 3b Temperature control device 3c Humidification device 3d Gas concentration control device

Claims (12)

  A mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom as a biosensor characterized by cultivating mushrooms based on this confirmed bioelectric potential change, ascertaining changes in mushroom bioelectric potential when environmental stimuli are applied to mushrooms .   The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to claim 1 as a biosensor, cultivating the mushroom by determining whether or not to give an environmental stimulus to the mushroom based on the confirmed change in bioelectric potential. Mushroom cultivation method using mushrooms characterized by the above as a biosensor.   In the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to any one of claims 1 and 2 as a biosensor, the bioelectric potential change to be recognized is an inclination of the bioelectric potential of the mushroom at a predetermined time, and the inclination is positive. If so, a mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom as a biosensor, characterized in that an environmental stimulus is given to the mushroom, and if it is negative, no environmental stimulus is given to the mushroom.   In the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to claim 3 as a living body sensor, when the inclination is positive, no environmental stimulus is given until a predetermined upper limit value is reached, and an environmental stimulus is obtained when the upper limit value is exceeded. In addition, when the slope is negative, an environmental stimulus is given until it falls below a preset lower limit value, and no environmental stimulus is given when it falls below the lower limit value. Mushroom cultivation method used as a biosensor.   The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as a biological sensor, wherein the environmental stimulus is given by an environmental stimulus applying device, and the change of the bioelectric potential is confirmed by a bioelectric potential measuring device. Mushroom cultivation method using mushrooms characterized by the above as a biosensor.   The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to claim 5 as a biosensor, wherein the biopotential measuring device includes an electrode section for measuring a biopotential and an amplifying section for amplifying the biopotential measured by the electrode section. A mushroom cultivation method using a mushroom characterized by being as a biosensor.   In the mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 6 as a biosensor, when cultivating a plurality of mushrooms, confirming a change in biopotential of some of the mushrooms to be cultivated. Mushroom cultivation method using mushrooms characterized by the above as a biosensor.   The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a living body sensor, wherein the environmental stimulus imparting device is a light irradiation device that irradiates light to a mushroom. Mushroom cultivation method used as a sensor.   The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to claim 8 as a living body sensor, wherein the light has a predetermined light quality.   The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a biosensor, wherein the environmental stimulus imparting device is a temperature control device that adjusts the mushroom to a predetermined temperature. Mushroom cultivation method that uses as a biosensor.   The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a living body sensor, wherein the environmental stimulus imparting device is a humidifying device that applies predetermined moisture to the mushroom. Mushroom cultivation method used as a sensor.   The mushroom cultivation method using the mushroom according to claim 1 as a biological sensor, wherein the environmental stimulus imparting device is a gas concentration control device for adjusting a gas concentration in a cultivation atmosphere. Mushroom cultivation method used as.