JP2008271918A - Method and device for cultivating mushroom through inducing germination - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating mushroom through inducing germination comprising inducing mushroom to germinate at a desired part of a mushroom bed so as to harvest much more mushrooms having excellent quality in mushroom bed cultivation. <P>SOLUTION: The method for cultivating mushroom through inducing germination comprises the following process in mushroom bed cultivation: a culture medium covering process where a culture medium is charged in a cultivation container at the upper part of which a vent hole is provided and a shielding material covers over the culture medium while the optional part of the upper surface of the mushroom bed is exposed so as to allow the mushroom to breathe; a sterilization process of heating the culture medium together with the cultivation container; a fungus inoculation process of inoculating mushroom fungi in the culture medium cooled to have a normal temperature, and sealing the cultivation container; a hypha culturing process of culturing the fungi through maintaining temperature, illumination intensity, humidity and the like until the hyphae spread over the mushroom bed or until mushroom primordii are formed; a covering material removal process of opening the upper part of the cultivation container to remove the covering material therefrom; and a growth maintenance process of maintaining temperature, humidity and water content each of the mushroom bed until the mushrooms grown from the primordii are finished to be harvested. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a fungus bed cultivation method for mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms and a fungus bed cultivation apparatus for carrying out the fungus bed cultivation method for the mushroom.

In mushroom bed cultivation of mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, the mushrooms that have sprouted and grown on the sides of the fungus bed are bent upward, the calyx part spreads sideways, hits the side wall, and the fungus beds are close to each other The mushrooms of the adjacent fungus beds come into contact with each other and grow, and at this time, deformation occurs as if the crush is crushed, and the quality of the product is lowered. In order to harvest high-quality mushrooms that do not have such deformation in the fruit body, it is important to germinate mushrooms at specific sites such as the upper surface of the fungus bed, but mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms will germinate. As long as there are suitable conditions, germination will occur in any part of the fungus bed, so it was very difficult to germinate mushrooms in a specific part desired by the grower.
Therefore, after the mycelium spreads on the fungus bed, mushrooms such as shiitake are germinated only on the upper surface of the fungus bed so that the growth of the primordium formed on the side of the fungus bed is suppressed and there is less deformation of the umbrella. The cultivation method of the following patent document 1 which has been proposed has been proposed and implemented.
Patent publication No. 3087171

However, in the method described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, an attempt is made to force germination on the upper part of the opened fungus bed by suppressing the germination of mushrooms on the side of the fungus bed such as shiitake mushroom. In the cultivation process, the upper part of the fungal bed is exposed to the air and the drying is intense until the hyphae spread on the floor and the primordium is formed. If the number of mushrooms from the center of the upper part of the bed is delayed or rarely generated, and if the germination from the side is insufficient due to insufficient management, There was a difficulty that more mushrooms were generated in the unfavorable portions of the side surface and the upper edge.
In other words, mushrooms that grow on the side of the fungus bed grow while the cocoon part hits the side wall surface, deforms into a shape in which the part against which the scab is crushed is crushed, and in the upper edge of the fungus bed. Sprouting mushrooms come into contact with the mushrooms that sprout on the upper edge of the adjacent fungus bed arranged in close proximity, and deformed into a shape in which the parts hit by the crushed parts are crushed, which reduces the quality of the mushrooms It was the cause.
In addition, mushrooms that have developed on the sides of the fungus bed in the container will be immersed in the water that has been added to suppress it and will rot during growth, so the germination on the side must be removed as soon as it is found to prevent the spread of spoilage bacteria. Rather, this management required a lot of work.

Further, in carrying out the method of Patent Document 1, in order to obtain many high-quality mushrooms, the edge of the container is raised so as to cover the upper part of the fungus bed from the uppermost part of the side surface of the fungus bed, By keeping the water level in the interior as high as possible, or by creating environmental conditions such as fine temperature control, the marginal part of the fungus bed creates germinating conditions for germination, so that it germinates in the center of the top surface as much as possible Has been trying to solve the problem.
However, even if it was attempted to prepare conditions for germination of mushrooms only in a preferable site such as the upper part of the fungus bed by such various devices, the effect was not easily obtained although it was difficult to manage.
In addition, some mushroom varieties originally have the property of extremely suppressing germination from the upper part of the fungus bed, and it is not easy to force germination from the upper part of the fungus bed. There wasn't.

  Therefore, the present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problem of the cultivation method by inhibiting germination in fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms, and germination to a desired desired location such as the upper part of the fungus bed, which was difficult until now, Rather than suppressing the germination at the part, rather, by actively inducing primordial formation and germination to the desired location of the fungus bed, the mushrooms are preferentially germinated and grown at the desired location of the fungus bed. An object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom germination induction cultivation method capable of harvesting more high-quality mushrooms and a mushroom germination induction cultivation apparatus for carrying out the cultivation method.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 of the mushroom germination-inducing cultivation method of the present invention is characterized in that in the fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms, an aeration space is provided in the upper part of the cultivation container provided with an air vent in the upper part. A medium covering step of covering an arbitrary portion of the upper surface of the medium with a shielding member that blocks the air and the medium in the aeration space while securing an exposed portion where the medium can be replenished and filled with the medium, A sterilization step in which the medium is heated and sterilized together with the cultivation container after the medium coating step, and a fungus inoculation step in which the culture medium is cooled to room temperature after the sterilization step and the cultivation container is sealed. After the inoculation step, the mycelium culture is performed until the hyphae spread on the upper part or the whole of the medium or until the mushroom primordium is formed by performing management for maintaining the environment necessary for culturing the hyphae Before the process and the hypha culture process Opening the top of the cultivation container to remove the shielding object, and after the shielding removal process, to maintain the environment necessary for the growth of mushrooms until the mushrooms grown from the primordial have been harvested It consists of each process of the growth management process to manage.
And the initial germination of the mushroom was able to be induced | guided | derived to the arbitrary parts of the said microbial bed with the said shielding material, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the mushroom germination induction cultivation method according to the first aspect, after the mycelial cultivation step before the shielding removal step, the mycelium is covered with a shielding material, It is characterized by having a coating growth management process for performing management for maintaining the environment necessary for germination and growth of mushrooms grown from the middle to the middle.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the method for inducing germination of mushrooms according to the first or second aspect, during the steps after the fungus inoculation step, the side surface or the side surface and the bottom surface of the fungus bed is shielded from light. It is characterized in that the formation of primordia and the early germination of mushrooms can be induced in the upper part of the microbial bed by suppressing the formation of primordia in the subsurface microbial bed part.

  Invention of Claim 4 is a fungus bed cultivation apparatus of the mushroom for implementing the fungus bed cultivation method of the mushroom of any one of the said Claims 1 to 3, Comprising: It closed on the upper part An aeration space is formed, and when a culture container provided with a vent on the surface facing the aeration space, and when the culture medium is filled with the aeration space in the cultivation container, the bacteria breathe on the upper surface of the culture medium. And a shield placed on the upper surface of the culture medium so that an exposed portion can be formed.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the fungus bed cultivation apparatus for mushrooms according to claim 4, wherein the shield has total light transmissivity or semi-permeability.

  Invention of Claim 6 is the fungus bed cultivation apparatus of the mushroom of Claim 4 or 5 above, Comprising: The light-shielding means which covers the side surface part or side surface and bottom surface part of the said fungus bed cultivation apparatus was provided. Features.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the fungus bed cultivation apparatus for mushrooms according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the material of the shield to be used is heated and deformed to be uneven on the upper surface. It is a heat-deformable sheet that fits in.

  Invention of Claim 8 is a fungus bed cultivation apparatus of the mushroom of any one of the said Claims 4-7, Comprising: The shape of the said shield to be used is more than the area of the upper surface of a fungus bed. It is a sheet with a small area.

  Invention of Claim 9 is a fungus bed cultivation apparatus of the mushroom of any one of the said Claims 4-8, Comprising: The shape of the said shield to be used is one or several places of a coating surface In addition, a germination-inducing opening is formed by making a hole and / or notching and / or cutting from the side of the coated surface.

The mushroom germination-inducing cultivation method and apparatus thereof according to the present invention have the above-described configuration. In the mushroom germination-inducing cultivation method, the aeration space formed in the upper portion of the cultivation container and the cultivation container are filled in the medium coating step. The culture medium except the upper surface of the culture medium excluding any part of the exposed top surface is blocked with a shield.
And only mushrooms inoculated in the medium sterilized with germs in the sterilization process, under the environment where the temperature, illuminance, humidity etc. are optimally controlled to maintain the environment necessary for the mycelia culture in the mycelia culture process Furthermore, the surface portion of the medium except for any exposed part of the upper surface of the fungus bed is covered with a shield that blocks air contact with the air in the upper ventilation space, preventing drying. In the medium part, the hyphal growth is promoted by the light entering from the light-transmitting shield or the light irradiated from the exposed part, and the light is promoted while receiving light under suitable moisture conditions.

In this hypha culture process, a mushroom primordium is preferentially formed over the boundary part with the exposed part of the part under the shield where the hyphae spread in the mycelium, preferentially over other parts. Germination occurs.
Thereafter, the shield is removed from the fungus bed in the shield removal step, and the temperature, illuminance, humidity, moisture, etc. of the fungus bed for maintaining the environment necessary for germination and growth of mushrooms are controlled, as shown in FIG. In addition, the primordium grows and germinates first around the border where the shielding was, and the grown mushrooms are harvested.

For example, Shiitake has a property that a primordial group is likely to be formed preferentially around the boundary between the part where the shield was present and the part where it was exposed. By covering the shielding object, as shown in FIG. 15, it is possible to germinate at a desired location to grow mushrooms and obtain many high-quality mushrooms.
Moreover, in the conventional top surface cultivation method, in order to suppress the formation of the primordial of the side surface and the bottom surface part, the fungus bed had to be maintained at a high temperature of about 30 ° C. for a certain period of time. This temperature management can be omitted, so that labor can be reduced and the running cost of the facility can be reduced.

  In the invention according to claim 3, by blocking the side or side and bottom of the fungus bed, it is possible to suppress the formation of primordial in the fungus bed portion under the light shielding surface, as a result, The formation of primordia is promoted on the upper part of the fungus bed which is not shielded from light, and early germination of mushrooms is induced in this part of the fungus bed.

  In the fungus bed cultivation apparatus for mushrooms according to claim 4, the above method can be reliably carried out by a shielding object placed on the upper surface of the fungus bed.

In the invention according to the fifth aspect, since light can be irradiated to the fungus bed portion under the light-transmitting or semi-transmitting shielding material, formation and growth of the primordial group can be promoted.
However, in the present invention, even when a shielding object such as a non-light-transmitting sheet is used, light is irradiated from an exposed part that is not covered by the shielding object. However, the formation of the primordium is delayed in the vicinity of the exposed portion where the light enters.

In the invention described in claim 6, the light to the side surface or the side and bottom portions of the fungus bed is blocked by the light shielding means, and the formation of the primordium on the fungus bed surface under the light shielding is suppressed. As a result, more early mushroom germination can be induced in the upper part of the fungus bed.
As the light shielding means, a light shielding sheet having a size that covers the side surface portion, the side surface, and the bottom surface portion of the cultivation apparatus, a light shielding paint applied to the side surface portion, the side surface, and the bottom surface portion of the cultivation container, or the like can be employed.
The light-shielding sheet is applied or the light-shielding paint is applied, because mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms originally utilize the property that light is an essential condition for the formation of the primordium. By blocking, it can be ensured that no primordial is formed in this part.
Then, the formation of the primordia of the fungus bed surface under light shielding is suppressed, and the initial germination of mushrooms can be actively induced by the upper part of the fungus bed.

  In the invention according to claim 7, if the material of the shield to be used is a heat-deformable sheet that is heat-deformed and conforms to the unevenness of the upper surface, contact with air and air circulation can be further suppressed, and Helps prevent dryness.

In the invention according to claim 8, the shape of the shield to be used is one sheet having an area smaller than the area of the upper surface of the fungus bed, and the bacteria breathe from the exposed portion of the fungus bed secured as a result. In addition, it is possible to inoculate bacteria.
In the invention according to claim 9, germination is achieved by adopting at least one of a hole provided in one or a plurality of locations of the coated surface, a notch from the side of the coated surface, and an internal tear. An induction port is formed, so that even if a shield is placed on the fungus bed, it is possible to breathe bacteria and inoculate bacteria from here.
And, it becomes possible to preferentially induce the germination of mushrooms at a desired place on the fungus bed by arbitrarily forming the exposed part of the fungus bed and the position and size of the germination induction port.

The present invention is an apparatus for carrying out a germination induction cultivation method of mushrooms and the cultivation method thereof.
First, the mushroom germination induction cultivation method will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the cultivation method of the present invention proceeds in the order of a medium coating step, a sterilization step, a fungus inoculation step, a mycelia cultivation step, a shield removal step, and a growth management step, and finally mushrooms are harvested. The

This process will be described in more detail below.
In the method for cultivating mushroom beds of the present invention, in the medium covering step, as shown in FIG. 3, a cultivation container 1 having an air vent 9 is used as shown in FIG. 3, and as shown in FIG. 1 is filled with the culture medium 19 in a block shape with the upper part open. Hereinafter, the cultivation container 1 is described as a synthetic resin bag container, but the cultivation container in the present invention may be a bottle.
In the case of shiitake mushroom, this medium 19 is made of hardwood chips, raw materials obtained by adding nutrients and water to sawdust.
Then, as shown in FIG. 5, a non-moisture permeable shield 5 having a total light transmittance or a semi-light transmittance on the medium 19 is placed on the upper surface of the medium 19 so that bacteria can breathe. A portion (showing that there is one central hole 10 in FIG. 5) is exposed and covered.

The shield 5 can be made of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene and has heat resistance, or an aluminum sheet.
The shape of the shield 5 that can expose an arbitrary part of the upper surface of the culture medium 19 is as shown in FIG. 18, a covering sheet 5a having one round hole 15 in the center as shown in FIG. A covering sheet 5b having a plurality of round holes 15, a covering sheet 5c having a rectangular hole 15 as shown in FIG. 19, a covering sheet 5d having notches 17 provided around as shown in FIG. A covering sheet 5e with a slit 16 as shown in FIG. 21 is possible.
Further, in the covering sheet 5e with the cut 16 shown in FIG. 21, the notch 16 part is deformed by the unevenness of the fungus bed as shown in FIG. It can be exposed.

  In the next sterilization step, as shown in FIG. 6, the upper side of the cultivation container 1 is folded and the medium 19 is sterilized by heating together with the cultivation container 1.

  In the present invention, the cultivation container 1, the medium 19, and the coating sheet 5 e can be efficiently sterilized at a time by performing the sterilization process after the medium coating process. And the covering sheet 5e can be sterilized separately. Even in this case, the subsequent steps can be performed in exactly the same manner.

  In the next inoculation step, the exposed portion of the culture medium 19 cooled to room temperature after the sterilization step is inoculated with the mushroom inoculum 13 as shown in FIG. 7, and as shown in FIG. The mouth 1b is sealed.

  Next, in the mycelia culture step, as shown in FIG. 8, the temperature, illuminance, and humidity are controlled while the mouth 1b of the cultivation container 1 is sealed, or until the mycelium spreads on the mycelium 4 or The fungus is cultured until mushroom primordia are formed.

In this mycelial culture process, shiitake mycelium passes through the exposed portion of the medium 19 through the holes of the shield 5 previously opened after inoculation with the inoculum, decomposes and decays the medium 19, Aging progresses.
When the shield 5 is placed, the contact portion between the inoculum 13 and the culture medium 19 is limited to a small amount compared to the case where the shield 5 is not placed, so the hyphae extension rate from the top part of the culture medium 19 to the bottom part is slightly delayed. The aging of the upper fungus bed 4 where mushroom generation is desired can be enhanced from the side or bottom.
As a result, on the desired upper surface portion of the target fungus bed 4, a good mycelial mass 12 including the primordial abundance is formed in combination with the effect of the shield 5.

  As a result of culturing in this step, the primordial base is formed more vigorously in the lower part of the shield 5 of the fungus bed 4 than the side surface and the bottom part. Many mushrooms are generated from the upper part of the fungus bed 4 where the shield 5 is placed.

Next, in the shielding removal process, as shown in FIG. 9, the upper part of the cultivation container 1 is opened and the shielding 5 is removed.
At this time, as shown in FIG. 14, a good mycelial mass 12 including a large amount of primordial is formed on the upper portion of the fungus bed 4 from which the shield 5 is removed.

Depending on the type of mushroom, the timing of removing the shielding 5 is not performed immediately after the mycelial cultivation step, but the mycelium is kept covered with the shielding for a while after the mycelial cultivation step. In some cases, it is better to carry out a management process for maintaining an environment necessary for germination and growth of mushrooms from the base to the middle of the mushroom growth, that is, a covering growth management process.
In this covering growth management process, the mushroom grows while pushing up the shielding object from below, but it is not crushed and deformed by the shielding object, so there is no problem in quality.

Then, in the next growth management step, as shown in FIG. 10, when the temperature, illuminance, humidity, moisture, etc. of the fungus bed 4 are managed with the upper part of the cultivation container 1 being opened, it is guided to the upper part of the fungus bed. As shown in FIG. 14, mushrooms start germination from the primordial base and grow as shown in FIG. 15.
For example, as shown in FIG. 15, Shiitake has the property that a primordial group is most preferentially formed at the boundary C between the portion A where the shield 5 of the fungus bed 4 was present and the exposed portion B. Therefore, in consideration of this, by covering the fungus bed 4 with the shielding material 5 in a planned manner, it is possible to induce early germination at a desired location of the fungus bed 4 and to obtain many high-quality mushrooms.

  In addition, during the cultivation process after the fungus inoculation process, as shown in FIG. 11, the side and bottom surfaces of the fungus bed 4 are shielded from light using a light shielding sheet 14a which is a light shielding means 14, and the bacteria under the light shielding surface are provided. By suppressing the formation of the primordium in the floor portion, it is possible to more reliably induce the formation of the primordia and the initial germination of mushrooms in the upper part of the fungus bed 4.

In the growth management process, as shown in FIG. 2, the following method (A), (B), or (C) can be selected.
That is, (A) the upper part of the fungus bed 4 is exposed while being put in the cultivation container 1 used so far (shown in FIG. 12), and then the temperature of the fungus bed 4 until the mushrooms grown from the primordial are harvested. , Manage and harvest illuminance, humidity and moisture. Furthermore, if the temperature, illuminance, humidity, moisture, etc. of the fungus bed 4 are controlled until the mushrooms grown from the second and subsequent primordium are harvested, they can be harvested again.
(A) At that time, as shown in FIGS. 12, 13 and 15, a container that can be stored up to the upper part of the fungus bed 4 is used, and the water level is maintained near the upper part of the fungus bed 4 while supplying water into the container. It is also possible to continuously induce mushroom germination on the upper part of the fungus bed 4 by suppressing the formation of the primordium under the water level with water 8.

(B) The fungus bed 4 is taken out from the cultivation container 1 used so far, and at least the side surface and the upper surface 4a of the fungus bed 4 are exposed, and then the temperature of the fungus bed 4 until mushrooms grown from the primordial are harvested. , Manage and harvest illuminance, humidity and moisture. Furthermore, if the temperature, illuminance, humidity, moisture, etc. of the fungus bed 4 are controlled until the mushrooms grown from the second and subsequent primordium are harvested, they can be harvested again.

(C) The fungus bed 4 is taken out from the cultivation container 1 used so far, and the fungus bed 4 is transferred to another management container 18, and the fungus bed is kept in the management container 18 as shown in FIG. The upper part of 4 is exposed, and then the temperature, illuminance, humidity and moisture of the fungus bed 4 are controlled and harvested until mushrooms grown from the primordial are harvested. Furthermore, if the temperature, illuminance, humidity, moisture, etc. of the fungus bed 4 are controlled until the mushrooms grown from the second and subsequent primordium are harvested, they can be harvested again.
(C) At that time, a container that can be stored up to the upper part of the fungus bed 4 is used, and the water level is maintained close to the upper part of the fungus bed 4 while water is supplied into the container, and the formation of the primordium below the water level is suppressed by the water 8. By doing so, it is possible to continuously induce the germination of mushrooms in the upper part of the fungus bed 4.

  Even when any one of the above methods is selected, as shown in FIG. 11, the side surface 4b of the fungus bed 4 is shielded from light by the light shielding means 14, and the primordium is formed in the fungus bed portion below the light shielding surface. By suppressing, it becomes possible to harvest mushrooms that have grown from primordial bases on the upper part of the fungal bed 4 more reliably.

Next, a mushroom germination induction cultivation apparatus for carrying out the above-mentioned mushroom germination induction cultivation method will be described.
As shown in FIG. 8, the mushroom germination-inducing cultivation apparatus of the present invention has a closed ventilation space 3 formed in the upper part, and a cultivation container 1 provided with an air vent 2 on the container surface facing the ventilation space 3. When the aeration space 3 is secured in the cultivation container 1 and the culture medium 19 is filled, an exposed portion where mushroom fungi can breathe is formed on a part of the upper surface of the fungus bed 4. And a non-moisture permeable shield 5 that is placed on the upper surface and has a total transmittance or a semi-transmission of light.

In the case of shiitake, the medium 19 is a hardwood chip, a material obtained by adding nutrients and water to sawdust, and the like.
The shielding object 5 may be made of a synthetic resin having total light transmissivity or semi-transmittance, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, having heat resistance, a glass plate, or the like.
The fungus bed portion under the shield 5 is irradiated with light through the totally permeable or semi-permeable shield 5, and the hyphal growth is promoted while receiving light under a suitable moisture condition, thereby spreading the mycelium. Is possible.
Even when the shielding object 5 having light impermeability is used, light is irradiated from an exposed portion that is not covered by the shielding object 5, so that the primordial region is near the exposed portion. Formation and growth are possible.
A breathable filter 9 for preventing invasion of germs is attached to the vent 2.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 11, the light-shielding means 14 which covers the side part of the fungus bed cultivation apparatus which adjoins the side 4b part of the said fungus bed 4 can be provided.
The light shielding means 14 can take various forms, but the light shielding sheet 14a is large enough to cover the side surface 1c portion and the bottom surface portion of the cultivation apparatus 1, or the light shielding paint applied to the side surface 1c portion and the bottom surface portion of the cultivation container 1. Can also be used.

  As the material of the shield 5 used in this apparatus, a heat-deformable sheet that is deformed by heating and conforms to the irregularities on the upper surface of the culture medium 19 can be used. Deformation occurs, the gap between the irregularities of the culture medium 19 is reduced, the air flow is further suppressed, and the surface of the fungus bed under the shield 5 can be more effectively prevented from drying. .

Further, when the shape of the shield 5 to be used is a single sheet having an area smaller than the area of the upper surface of the fungus bed 4, the bacteria can be respired from the exposed portion of the fungus bed, and the fungus Inoculation is also possible.
Furthermore, the shape of the shielding object 5 is such that holes 15 are formed in one or a plurality of places on the covering surface as shown in FIGS. 17, 18 and 19, or from the side of the covering surface as shown in FIG. When the notch 17 is provided or the slit 16 is inserted as shown in FIG. 21, the exposed portion of the fungus bed such as the germination induction port 10 is formed on the shield placed on the fungus bed, from which the respiration of the fungus is formed. It is also possible to inoculate bacteria.
Furthermore, if the exposed portion of the fungus bed and the position and size of the germination induction port are arbitrarily formed, it becomes possible to freely induce the mushroom germination to a desired place on the fungus bed.
In the case of shiitake mushroom, the germination-inducing port 10 is a path for the mycelium to reach the medium because the medium and the inoculum come into contact with each other, so that the mycelium reaches the medium. It is possible to take in air necessary for spreading and maturing as the fungus bed 4.

(Experimental example 1)
Using a bag container in which a filter is attached to a polyethylene bag at the ventilation opening at the top of the cultivation container, a square medium having a width of 20 cm, a length of 12 cm, a height of 17 cm and a weight of about 2,700 g is molded, and the width is 20 cm, the length is 12 cm. A polypropylene sheet-like shield (coated sheet) having a 3 cm diameter hole in the center was placed on the upper part of the medium.
Then, it heat-sterilized with steam, cooled, and inoculated Shiitake inoculum from the shield.
Kitaken No. 607 (variety name) was used as the mushroom cultivar, and the hyphae cultivation process was controlled for 120 days at a temperature of 20 ° C.
After completing the mycelial culture process, the cultivation container for the mycelium bed was removed, and the covering sheet was removed.
And in the growth management process, it managed in the environment which attached the temperature range of 15-20 degreeC.
For the second and subsequent germination, a water immersion operation for several hours is performed, and a total of six harvests are performed by this germination stimulus, and the period required for the six harvests is 175 days.

A comparative experiment was conducted between the sheet coating group coated with this shielding and the normal group (control group) which was not coated in the above process, and the effect of the present invention was confirmed.
The results of the comparative experiment are shown in Table 1 below.

(Experimental example 2)
Using a cultivation bag in which a filter is attached to a polyethylene bag at the upper vent of the cultivation container, a square medium having a width of 20 cm, a height of 12 cm, a height of 17 cm and a weight of about 2,700 g is molded, and the width is 20 cm, the length is 12 cm. A polypropylene sheet-like shield 5a having a 3 cm diameter hole in the center was placed on the top of the medium.
Thereafter, it was sterilized by heating, cooled, and inoculated with shiitake inoculum from above the sheet-like shield. After the inoculation, the light-shielding sheet 1 was mounted on the side and bottom surfaces of the fungus bed medium.
Kitaken No. 607 (variety name) was used as the mushroom cultivar, and the hyphae cultivation process was controlled for 120 days at a temperature of 20 ° C.
After completing the mycelial culture process, the cultivation container for the mycelium bed was removed, and the covering sheet was removed.
And in the growth management process, it managed in the environment which attached the temperature range of 15-20 degreeC.
For the second and subsequent germination, a water immersion operation for several hours is performed, and a total of six harvests are performed by this germination stimulus, and the period required for the six harvests is 175 days.

The sheet + side / bottom side light-shielding film mounting group in which the light-shielding sheet 14 is mounted on the side surface and the bottom surface, and the sheet coating group in which the shielding material is coated without the light-shielding sheet in the above process. And the effect of the present invention was confirmed.
The results of the comparative experiment are shown in Table 2 below.

In Test Example 1 and Experimental Example 2, the experimental data shown in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained, and the following could be confirmed from the results.
That is, in the above test example 1, in the normal group (control group) without the shield, in the first occurrence (due to the initial germination), there are as many as 32 from the side and bottom of the fungus bed, There are 6 pieces in the upper part and extremely few compared to the side and bottom parts. In this case, there is a high possibility that the mushroom bulk part will be deformed and become a low-quality product, but this is the present invention. In the sheet coating group, the first generation of mushrooms, that is, early germination, preferentially occurred centering on the upper surface portion on which the sheet-like shield was placed, and there were many 25 mushrooms with excellent quality. . And it turns out that a side surface and a bottom face part are very few with four compared with this.
Subsequent germination after the second time, in particular, the effect of the shield almost disappeared after the third time, both of which were harvested in the same manner, and in the cultivation method with the coating of the present invention, the first germination of mushrooms ( It was demonstrated that a characteristic effect is obtained that early germination) is induced in the upper part of the fungus bed.

Moreover, in Experimental Example 2, when the mycelia are cultured by placing a shield and covering the side and bottom portions of the fungus bed with a light-shielding sheet, the primordial base from the side and bottom portions of the fungus bed is cultured in the mycelia culture step. Occurrence is surely suppressed, and the first generation of mushrooms, that is, the initial germination, preferentially occurs mainly in the upper part where the shield is placed, and 26 mushrooms with excellent quality are provided in the upper part. By covering with, more mushrooms could be generated than in the sheet coating group not using the light shielding sheet.
At this time, the occurrence of mushrooms is “0” on the side and bottom surfaces of the group covered with the light-shielding sheet, and this amount of nutrients goes to the upper part of the fungus bed and increases the number of mushrooms generated for the first time. It is thought that it became.
In addition, the side and bottom portions of the group covered with the light-shielding sheet are all “0” in the occurrence of mushrooms even after the second time, and in this case, the number of mushrooms generated in the upper part is not the light-shielding sheet. It can be seen that there is an increase over the covering group.
From the above results, the effectiveness of suppressing mushroom germination by shielding the side of the fungus bed was confirmed.

  The method of the present invention can be used for fungus bed cultivation of shiitake mushrooms and other various mushrooms.

It is a flowchart which shows the cultivation process of this invention. It is process explanatory drawing in a growth management process. (A) is a perspective view showing a culture medium and (B) is a cultivation container. It is a perspective view which shows the state which put the culture medium into the cultivation container. It is a perspective view which shows the state before putting the shielding object of (I) into the cultivation container which put the culture medium of (B). It is a perspective view which shows the state at the time of mounting and sterilizing a shielding material on a culture medium. It is a perspective view which shows the state which sowed the inoculum in the culture medium. It is a perspective view which shows the state which sealed the cultivation container which put the culture medium. It is a perspective view which shows the cultivation container which opened the cultivation container and (i) removed the shielding object, and (b) put the culture medium. It is a perspective view which shows the state which exposed the upper part of the culture medium in a cultivation container. It is the perspective view which shows the state which sealed the cultivation container which put the culture medium, (i) applied the light-shielding means, and (b) applied the light-shielding means to the cultivation container. It is a vertical perspective view which shows the state which open | released the upper part of the cultivation container which put the fungal bed. It is a vertical perspective view of a microbial bed. It is a vertical perspective view of a microbial bed when a primordium grows. It is a vertical perspective view of a fungus bed when a mushroom grows. It is a vertical side view of a fungus bed when the second mushroom grows. It is a perspective view which shows a shield. It is a perspective view which shows another shielding object. It is a perspective view which shows another shielding object. It is a perspective view which shows another shielding object. It is a perspective view which shows another shielding object. It is a vertical perspective view of the principal part which shows the state in which the shield is mounted on the culture medium.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation container 1a Upper part of cultivation container 2 Ventilation opening 3 Ventilation space of cultivation container 4 Bacteria bed 4a Upper surface of fungus bed 5 Shield 5a Cover sheet 5b Cover sheet 5c Cover sheet 5d Cover sheet 5e Cover sheet
6 Cultivation Container Opening 7 Mushroom 8 Water 9 Ventilation Filter 10 Germination Induction Port 11 Rubber Band 12 Mycelial Mass 13 Inoculum 14 Light Shielding Means 14a Light Shielding Sheet 15 Hole 16 Cut 17 Notch 18 Control Container 19 Medium A Sheet Covering Part B Exposed Part C Around the border

Claims (9)

In fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms, the aeration space is secured while an aeration space is secured in the upper part of a cultivation container provided with an air vent in the upper part, and an exposed part where bacteria can breathe is secured on the culture medium. A medium coating step of covering any part of the upper surface of the medium with a shield that blocks the air and the medium;
After the medium coating step, a sterilization step of heat-sterilizing the medium together with the cultivation container,
After the sterilization step, inoculation step of inoculating mushroom fungus on the medium cooled to room temperature and sealing the cultivation container,
After the fungus inoculation step, the hypha culture step of culturing the fungus until the hyphae spread on the top or the whole of the medium or the mushroom primordium is formed by managing to maintain the environment necessary for the hypha culture. When,
After the mycelial culture step, the shielding removal step of opening the upper part of the cultivation container to remove the shielding,
After the shielding removal step, each step of the growth management step for managing to maintain the environment necessary for the growth of the mushrooms until the mushrooms grown from the primordial have been harvested, and
A mushroom germination-inducing cultivation method, characterized in that the shielding material can induce early germination of mushrooms in any part of the fungus bed.   Covering growth management process for managing the environment necessary for germination and growth of mushrooms grown from the primordial to the middle while the mycelium is covered with the shielding material after the hypha culture process before the shielding removal process The method for inducing germination of mushrooms according to claim 1, comprising:   In the germination induction cultivation method of the mushroom according to claim 1 or 2, during the steps after the fungus inoculation step, the side surface or the side surface and the bottom surface of the fungus bed are shielded from light, and the primordial is present in the fungus bed portion below the light shielding surface. A mushroom germination-inducing cultivation method characterized in that formation of primordia and initial germination of mushrooms can be induced in the upper part of the fungus bed by suppressing formation. It is a fungus bed cultivation apparatus of the mushroom for implementing the mushroom fungus bed cultivation method of any one of Claim 1 to 3, Comprising: The closed ventilation space is formed in the upper part, In this ventilation space A cultivation container with a vent on the facing side,
A shield placed on the upper surface of the culture medium so as to form an exposed portion where bacteria can breathe on the upper surface of the culture medium when the culture container is filled with the aeration space in the cultivation container. A germination-inducing cultivation apparatus for mushrooms characterized by comprising.   The apparatus for inducing germination of mushrooms according to claim 4, wherein the shield has a total light transmittance or semi-light transmittance.   The germination-inducing cultivation apparatus for mushrooms according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising a light shielding means for covering a side surface portion or a side surface and a bottom surface portion of the fungus bed cultivation apparatus.   The germination induction cultivation apparatus for mushrooms according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the material of the shielding material to be used is a heat deformation sheet that is deformed by heating and conforms to the unevenness of the upper surface.   The shape of the shield to be used is a single sheet having an area smaller than the area of the upper surface of the fungus bed, The germination induction cultivation apparatus for mushrooms according to any one of claims 4 to 7.   The shape of the shield to be used is characterized in that a sprouting-inducing opening is formed by making a hole and / or notching from and / or cutting a side surface of one or more portions of the covering surface. The germination-inducing cultivation apparatus for mushrooms according to any one of Items 4 to 8.

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