JP5156243B2 - A method for cultivating ornamental white to yellow deer antler. - Google Patents

Description

  This invention is an ornamental white that has a different appearance from conventional ganoderma or deer ganoderma by fungus bed cultivation (a method of generating from a medium obtained by adding nutrients such as rice bran or bran to sawdust, chips, bagasse, etc.) It is also related to the cultivation method of yellow deer antler.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a deer antler reed 1 having a shape shown in FIG. 1 is known. This Kakuno Ganoderma has no umbrella (not open) and has a white top 2, but the fungus pattern 3 has a brown color (hereinafter referred to as a brown Kakuno Ganoderma).
The brown deer anteater is inoculated with hyphae of Ganoderma lucidum on a broad-leaved cut log and densely spread (spread), and then the cut log is placed in a housing having a height of 1 to 2 m. The fruiting body can be grown by embedding (laying down) the cut surface (Kiguchi) so as to be visible and maintaining the inside of the housing under the following conditions (A) and (B).
(A) After budding (budding) from embedding (budding), when the larva grows about 3 cm and its lower part (fungal pattern) begins to turn brown, the upper part of the housing should be shielded from light.
(B) Adjusting and maintaining the temperature of the space in the housing to 25 to 30 ° C. and the humidity to about 80 to 90%.

For example, the following patent documents are publicly known as methods for cultivating medicinal or ornamental ganoderma and deer ganoderma.
Shoko 57-39605 JP-A-11-146728 JP 2006-25765 A JP 2006-271298 A

The inventors have examined the various cultivation methods (conditions) because the form and color of ganoderma vary greatly depending on the cultivation method, and as a result, we inoculated mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum on the cut hardwood. After being densely grown (infested), the cut log is buried (down) in a housing having a height of several tens of centimeters so that the cut surface (the end of the cut) can be seen, and the light shielding conditions and temperature in the housing. Cultivating white or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) that has succeeded in changing the fungus pattern of deer anteater to white or yellow by changing the humidity, and that can withstand the appreciation of lovers As a result, a patent application has already been filed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-343664).
After further tests and examinations, we succeeded in cultivating white or yellow deer anteater similar to the raw wood , even when using a fungal bed (artificial medium) that can be artificially produced instead of the hardwood cut raw wood.

The present invention is constituted by the following claims 1 to 12.
<Claim 1>
In cultivating Ganoderma lucidum fungus bed, after inoculating mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum on the fungus bed and allowing it to grow densely (infestation), the fungus bed is stored and held in the housing, and the housing A method for cultivating white or yellow Ganoderma lucidum, which is characterized in that the fruit body of Ganoderma is grown with the inside maintained under the following conditions (A) to (E).
(A) When the fungus bed is stored in the housing, a space of 20 to 55 cm should be secured above the fungus bed.
(B) The number of bacteria beds stored and arranged in the housing is limited so that the total of the bottom areas of the bacteria beds to be stored occupies 20 to 30% with respect to the bottom area in the housing. Place a fungus bed.
( C ) After the fungus bed is stored in the housing, the upper part of the housing is covered with a semi-transparent object until the ganoderma lucidum is sprouted (germination) and the young ganoderma begins to change color. , Making the light transmittance 65-85%.
( D ) After the sprout, before the larval turf turns brownish brown, cover the upper surface of the housing with a light-shielding material to enhance airtightness and completely block light.
( E ) Adjust and maintain the temperature of the space in the housing at 25 to 35 ° C. and the humidity at 90% or more.
<Claim 2>
The method for cultivating ornamental white to yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to claim 1, wherein the fungus bed is formed in a heat-resistant container.
<Claim 3>
The ornamental white or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to claim 1 or ² , wherein a heat-resistant container having a bottom area of 80 to ²⁰⁰ cm ² and a height of 10 to 15 cm is used as the heat-resistant container. Cultivation method.
<Claim 4>
The ornamental white or yellow deer anteater as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein hardwood sawdust or / and chips and rice bran or / and bran are used as the main component of the fungus bed (medium). Ganoderma lucidum) cultivation method.
<Claim 5>
Cultivation of ornamental white or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the housing is formed of a light-shielding side plate surrounding the periphery and a light-shielding canopy (placement lid) that can be freely opened and closed. Method.
<Claim 6>
The cultivation method of the ornamental white thru | or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) in any one of Claims 1-5 which uses a heat insulating material for the side plate and canopy of a housing.
<Claim 7>
The cultivation method of ornamental white thru | or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) in any one of Claims 1-6 which uses what stuck the polystyrene foam or the extrusion method polystyrene foam to the plywood as a heat insulating material.
<Claim 8>
The method for cultivating ornamental white to yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the temperature of the space is adjusted and maintained by changing the thickness of the canopy.
<Claim 9>
The growing method of the ornamental white thru | or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) in any one of Claims 1-8 whose growth period in a housing is 50 days or more.
<Claim 10>
The ornamental white or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the housing / holding time in the housing is mid-May and the harvesting time is from mid-July to mid-August. ) Cultivation method.
<Claim 11>
11. A white or yellow deer anteater for ornamental use according to claim 1, wherein the housing is formed indoors, and the temperature and humidity in the housing are managed by managing the temperature and humidity in the indoor. Ganoderma lucidum) cultivation method.
<Claim 12>
The cultivation method of ornamental white thru | or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) of Claim 11 which raises / lowers the temperature in a housing in the range of 25-30 degreeC several times a day.

According to the method of cultivating ganoderma according to the present invention, it has the effect that it is possible to cultivate ornamental white or yellow deer anteater having the following characteristics at low cost using the fungus bed of the population, regardless of the log. .
(A) The total length (height) is 25 to 40 cm and does not branch.
(B) The tip (the part corresponding to the fungus umbrella) is white (c) The fungus pattern is white to yellow (d) The diameter of the fungus pattern is approximately 10.0 mm (upper) to 20.0 (lower) mm

  The fungus bed (medium) used in the present invention is produced mainly from hardwood sawdust (or chips) and rice bran (or bran). As a broad-leaved tree, Kunugi or Naragashi is excellent, but Japanese oak, Mizunara, Abemaki, Sakura, Beech, Fake Acacia, etc. can be used sufficiently.

In the present invention, a known method can be used to inoculate the fungus bed with hyphae of Ganoderma lucidum to allow it to grow densely. For example, Japanese Patent No. 3553005 or Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-2002 It is easier and more reliable if the inoculum is cultured using the method described in 84884 (both are the inventions of the present inventors).
Inoculation with mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum on a mycelium bed usually requires 120 days or more to spread.

The container used for the preparation of the fungus bed has a wide opening at the top, and since it is necessary to sterilize the medium inside, a heat-resistant container that can withstand heat sterilization is preferable. For example, glass and plastic containers (bottles, bags, etc.) can be used.
Although the size of the container is not particularly limited, a container having a bottom area of 80 to 200 cm ² (diameter 10 to 16 cm) and a height of about 10 to 15 cm is convenient in terms of work and management.

The arrangement of the fungal bed in which the mycelium in which the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum is densely spread (spread) is stored and held in the housing is preferably regulated as follows.
(B) The number of bacteria beds stored and arranged in the housing is limited so that the total area of the bacteria beds stored in the housing occupies 20 to 30% of the bottom area in the housing, and an appropriate interval is provided. Place the fungus bed.
(B) Take no space at the bottom of the fungus bed.
(C) Ganoderma lucidum grows poorly when the fungus bed is stored and arranged too densely, and the fungus pattern of Ganoderma lucidum becomes colored beyond yellow when stored and arranged too loosely (brown) ) Progresses or there is a tendency to increase the color (browning).

When the fungus bed is stored and arranged in the housing, it is preferable to secure a space of 20 to 55 cm, more preferably 25 to 40 cm, in the upper part of the fungus bed. If it is lower than this range, the growth of ganoderma is worsened, or the ganoderma grows sideways and the appearance deteriorates.
On the other hand, if it exceeds this range, the fungus pattern will be yellowed (browned) beyond yellow, or the number of colored (browned) will tend to increase.
The space between the fungus beds and the height of the inside of the housing (space to be secured above the fungus beds) determines the space (volume) in which the reishi generated from one fungus bed grows. The size of this space is sensitive to the coloration of Ganoderma.
That is, as space increases (if it is too large), coloring increases.
As a result of detailed tests using several fungi beds, browning of the fungus pattern by increasing the carbon dioxide concentration in the housing to 0.1% (normal air concentration: 0.03%) or more In order to secure the space of this carbon dioxide concentration, it is necessary to restrict the ventilation, and the distance (of the fungus bed) and the height (space) of the fungus bed are optimal. found.

Next, a configuration example of the housing is as follows.
The entire structure is a side plate that surrounds the periphery in a box shape and a canopy that covers the top of the side plate, and a space of 35 to 50 cm in height is secured in the interior. The side plate and canopy should be made of heat-insulated material so that they can be completely shielded from light and sealed.
As a heat insulating material to be used, for example, the following board is used.
Inside: Insulating material (Styrofoam or extruded polystyrene foam (trade name: Styrofoam): 9-30 mm)
Outside: Plywood (Coated outside with a light-shielding film if necessary): 5-10 mm

The canopy is usually watered once every 3 to 5 days (to maintain the humidity inside the housing) in order to avoid sudden changes in temperature and humidity and to maintain the increased carbon dioxide concentration due to the growth of ganoderma. Do not open or close except when.
In general, watering is performed at night, and the canopy is not opened or closed during the day to prevent direct sunlight from being inserted.

It is necessary to maintain the temperature in the housing at 25 to 35 ° C. and the humidity at 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more. This condition can be achieved, for example, by changing the thickness of the heat insulating material of the canopy (if the temperature is too low, it is thinned to capture the heat of sunlight into the housing, and if it is too high, it is thickened to block the heat of the sunlight) ) And by changing the amount and frequency of watering.
With the housing configuration as described above, it was measured that the temperature inside the housing would rise and fall almost certainly within the range of 25 to 35 ° C. (temperature difference 7 to 9 ° C.) during one day.

  The time when the housing is completely shielded from light by a canopy or the like is preferably just before the larval turf changes color, and this time usually comes about 5 to 7 days after sprouting.

The semi-transparent object used in (A) of claim 1 (the one that covers the upper part of the housing during the period when the larval turf begins to discolor after embedding and germination) is a sheet that normally blocks part of the sunlight. It refers to a shaped object.
In addition, as a semi-transparent object used for achieving the conditions of the present invention, a sheet (for example, net-like or bowl-like) covering a part of the translucent film (sheet) is overlaid. Even the purpose can be achieved.
If the inside of the housing is not maintained under the condition (A) before sealing with the canopy, discoloration of the ganoderma will be accelerated or the growth (growth) of the ganoderma will be worsened.

When cultivating a large amount (for example, 100 strains or more) at the same time in the same space, outdoor cultivation (sunlight irradiation) is performed.
For this purpose, it is recommended to place a fungus bed in which the hyphae of Ganoderma lucidum are densely spread in the housing in mid-May and harvest it from mid-July to early August.
In this period, the temperature is maintained at 25 to 35 ° C. and the humidity is maintained at 90% or more by appropriately watering the space and changing the thickness of the heat insulating material of the canopy.

A housing (12) for reishi cultivation shown in FIG. 2 was installed on the ground (soil, floor, concrete?) (13) in Neba Village, Shimoina-gun, Nagano Prefecture. The specifications of the housing are as follows.
Size (inside): 710 cm (length) x 150 cm (width) x 50 cm (height)
Side plate 5: Styrofoam 7 (inside, 10 mm) is attached to plywood plate 6 (outside, 7 mm) Canopy 9: Styrofoam 7 (inside, 20 mm) is attached to plywood plate 6 (outside, 7 mm)

The method for cultivating ornamental white or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to the present invention generally follows the following process.

Bacteria bed preparation →→ Inoculation and culture of seedling →→ Housing →→ Cover (covered with canopy) →→ Growth →→ Harvesting

(A) Preparation of fungus bed (with wide-mouthed bottle) (a) A medium material was prepared by mixing sawdust and rice bran in a ratio of 3: 1 and adding water to adjust the water content to about 65% by weight (drying method). This medium material was fully filled up to the opening (mouth) of a glass wide-mouth bottle (20) having a diameter of 12 cm and a height of 13 cm (volume: about 1100 ml) (about 800 g). The hardness of filling the medium material (23) into the wide-mouthed bottle (20) was such that the bottom of the bottle was lightly struck against the floor and tightened.
(B) The dirt in the opening of the wide-mouth bottle (20) was wiped off and sealed with a breathable 0.02-0.03 polyethylene film (24) using a string or rubber band (28).
In addition, since oxygen is required in order to grow the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum well on the medium material (23) inside the wide-mouth bottle (20), a polyethylene film (24) covering the opening is required. It is necessary to have air permeability.
(C) About 1 cm square cushion tape (or cloth tape) (25) is stuck to the center of the polyethylene film (24) covering the opening of the sealed wide-mouth bottle (20). This tape (25) plays the role which protects a polyethylene film (24) in the case of inoculation of the inoculum mentioned later.
(D) The sealed wide-mouth bottle containing the medium material prepared as described above was sterilized in an atmospheric sterilization pot for about two and a half hours to obtain a sterilized fungus bed (21) containing the wide-mouth bottle.
(B) Inoculation and culture of inoculum (a) Inoculum of Ganoderma lucidum was prepared by the method of Japanese Patent No. 3553005, and a skewer or toothpick (27) to which the inoculum was attached was obtained by this method.
(B) The inoculum of Ganoderma lucidum was inoculated into the sterilized microbial bed (21) containing a wide-mouthed bottle prepared according to (a) to (d) above. That is, the toothpick (27) to which the inoculum of (a) is attached is inserted into the portion of the upper surface of the sterilized fungus bed (21) where the cushion tape (25) is adhered, and the mycelium of Reishi is inoculated. A wide-mouthed microbial bed (22) was obtained.
(C) The fungus bed (22) is cultivated with the toothpick (27) stabbed, and spreads the mycelium of Ganoderma. The culture period required 120 to 150 days. That is, 30 days after inoculation, the cells are cultured in a simple culture room set at a temperature of 25 ° C. to 27 ° C. and a humidity of 40 to 60%. Managed by.
(C) Housing (stored and held inside)
A wide-bottled fungus bed in which the mycelium of deer horned ganoderma in which the polyethylene film (24) covering the opening and the toothpick (27) have been removed from the fungus bed in which the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum has spread sufficiently (26) were placed on the ground in the housing (12) at 25 per 1 m ² (5 in one row, the interval between the bacteria beds was about 5 cm) (mid-May).
(D) Next, the upper part of the housing (12) is covered with a translucent sheet (polyethylene) (10) and a light-shielding net (black, bowl-shaped) (11) so that the transmissivity is 65 to 85%. I made it.
(E) Lid The ganoderma was germinated (cut) about 10 days after being placed in the housing (12). About one week later, the upper part of the housing (12) was covered with the canopy (9), completely shielded from light, and sealed (in addition, the top of the canopy (9) was further covered with a black polyethylene sheet for light shielding and temperature control. Sometimes).
Opening and closing (watering) of the canopy (9) was performed at night, once every 3-5 days, with reference to temperature (30 ° C.) and humidity (95% or more).
(F) Growth Ganoderma grew smoothly and had the following characteristics in mid-July.
(A) The total length (height) is 25 to 40 cm and does not branch.
(B) The tip (the part corresponding to the fungus umbrella) is white (c) The fungus pattern is white to yellow (d) The fungus pattern has a diameter of approximately 10.0 mm (upper part) to 20.0 (lower part) mm
(G) Harvesting Harvesting took place from early August to mid-August.

In the fungus bed cultivation of the present invention, it is not necessary to lie down on the soil as in the case of raw wood, so no soil is required, and therefore indoor cultivation is possible.
In indoor cultivation, the housing is usually formed indoors, and the temperature and humidity in the housing are managed by managing the indoor temperature and humidity.
In indoor cultivation, the conditions of the housing for outdoor cultivation described above can be used as they are, but in this case, the temperature in the housing is in the range of 25 to 30 ° C. several times a day (2 to 5 times) ( It is necessary to perform indoor temperature management so as to rise and fall with a temperature difference of 7 to 9 ° C.

The fungus pattern white or yellow ganoderma obtained by the cultivation method of the present application is not limited to ornamental use, but can be separated from the cut fungus bed 4 and used for medicinal and health supplements in the following forms. .
(A) The harvested ganoderma body is dried and then used as a fine powder.
(B) The harvested ganoderma is pulverized and suspended in a liquid for drinking.
(C) Extract and use Ganoderma components.

  In addition, the method for cultivating white or yellow staghorn ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum) of the present application can be carried out without using any agricultural chemicals.

It is a perspective view of Kazuno Ganoderma growing on a log. It is a perspective view which shows the housing for Kazuno Ganoderma cultivation. It is a fragmentary figure explaining the structure of the side plate of a housing, a translucent sheet | seat (polyethylene), and a light-shielding net | network. It is a fragmentary perspective view which shows the state which coat | covers a housing with a canopy. It is a front view which shows the structure of a canopy It is a figure which shows the microbial bed before sterilization, and a toothpick (or skewer). It is a figure which shows the state which inoculated the mycelium in the microbial bed after sterilization. It is a fragmentary perspective view which shows the growth state of a white thru | or yellow deer antler. It is a perspective view of Kazuno Ganoderma cultivated with fungus bed.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Kazuno Ganoderma 2 Top part 3 Fungus pattern 4 Placement place of fungus bed with wide mouth bottle in which hyphae of Kano Kakushita are infested 5 Side plate 6 Plywood 7 Styrofoam 8 Stirling 9 Canopy 10 Translucent sheet 11 Light shielding net 12 Housing 13 Ground ( Soil, floor, concrete)
14 Prop 20 Wide Mouth Bin 21 Bactericidal Bacteria in Wide Mouth Bin 22 Bacteria Bed in Wide Mouth Bin Inoculated with Reishi Mycelium 23 Medium Material (Bin Contents)
24 Breathable polyethylene film 25 Cushion (cloth) tape 26 Wide-bottled fungus bed 27 in which the mycelium of Kazuno Ganoderma is widespread 27 Skewer or toothpick 28 String

Claims (12)

In cultivating Ganoderma lucidum fungus bed, after inoculating mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum on the fungus bed and allowing it to grow densely (infestation), the fungus bed is stored and held in the housing, and the housing A method for cultivating white or yellow Ganoderma lucidum, which is characterized in that the fruit body of Ganoderma is grown with the inside maintained under the following conditions (A) to (E).
(A) When the fungus bed is stored in the housing, a space of 20 to 55 cm should be secured above the fungus bed.
(B) The number of bacteria beds stored and arranged in the housing is limited so that the total of the bottom areas of the bacteria beds to be stored occupies 20 to 30% with respect to the bottom area in the housing. Place a fungus bed.
( C ) After the fungus bed is stored in the housing, the upper part of the housing is covered with a semi-transparent object until the ganoderma lucidum is sprouted (germination) and the young ganoderma begins to change color. , Making the light transmittance 65-85%.
( D ) After the sprout, before the larval turf turns brownish brown, cover the upper surface of the housing with a light-shielding material to enhance airtightness and completely block light.
( E ) Adjust and maintain the temperature of the space in the housing at 25 to 35 ° C. and the humidity at 90% or more.   The method for cultivating ornamental white to yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to claim 1, wherein the fungus bed is formed in a heat-resistant container. The ornamental white or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to claim 1 or ² , wherein a heat-resistant container having a bottom area of 80 to ²⁰⁰ cm ² and a height of 10 to 15 cm is used as the heat-resistant container. Cultivation method.   The ornamental white or yellow deer anteater as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein hardwood sawdust or / and chips and rice bran or / and bran are used as the main component of the fungus bed (medium). Ganoderma lucidum) cultivation method.   Cultivation of ornamental white or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the housing is formed of a light-shielding side plate surrounding the periphery and a light-shielding canopy (placement lid) that can be freely opened and closed. Method.   The cultivation method of the ornamental white thru | or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) in any one of Claims 1-5 which uses a heat insulating material for the side plate and canopy of a housing.   The cultivation method of ornamental white thru | or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) in any one of Claims 1-6 which uses what stuck the polystyrene foam or the extrusion method polystyrene foam to the plywood as a heat insulating material.   The method for cultivating ornamental white to yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the temperature of the space is adjusted and maintained by changing the thickness of the canopy.   The growing method of the ornamental white thru | or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) in any one of Claims 1-8 whose growth period in a housing is 50 days or more.   The ornamental white or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the housing / holding time in the housing is mid-May and the harvesting time is from mid-July to mid-August. ) Cultivation method.   11. A white or yellow deer anteater for ornamental use according to claim 1, wherein the housing is formed indoors, and the temperature and humidity in the housing are managed by managing the temperature and humidity in the indoor. Ganoderma lucidum) cultivation method.   The cultivation method of ornamental white thru | or yellow deer anteater (Ganoderma lucidum) of Claim 11 which raises / lowers the temperature in a housing in the range of 25-30 degreeC several times a day.

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