JP2015213502A - Cultivation method of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation method of mushroom which can produce the mushroom certainly only on the top face by a relatively simple controlling method, and is also economically excellent, and to provide a production method.SOLUTION: A mushroom bed cultivation of mushroom comprises a culture medium coating step, a sterilization step, a fungus inoculation step, a hypha cultivation step, a top opening step, a growth-controlling step, and a harvest step. In the culture medium coating step, initial budding of the mushroom can be induced to any portion of the mushroom bed using a cover.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms, and more particularly to a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms using a fungus bed.

  Conventionally, shiitake mushroom bed cultivation has the property that mushrooms are generated from the entire surface of the fungus bed, and there is a problem that mushrooms generated from the side surface are deformed in contact with each other. Since this deformed mushroom has a lower commercial value, it has become a big issue for shiitake cultivation farmers how to suppress mushrooms generated from this side and only from the top.

  In addition, in order to conduct efficient year-round cultivation of shiitake mushroom beds, strict temperature and humidity management is required according to the hyphal growth process. However, there was a problem that the crop was not expected to be harvested, and it was a crop with high management risk and was expensive. It has been a challenge to reduce the cultivation cost as well as how to reduce this risk.

  Then, there existed the mushroom germination induction cultivation method shown in patent document 1 as one means to solve this subject. In this mushroom germination cultivation method, in mushroom bed cultivation, an aeration space is secured in the upper part of a cultivation container having a through hole in the upper part, and a medium is filled, and the bacteria breathe on the medium. A medium covering step for covering an arbitrary portion of the upper surface of the medium with a shield that blocks the air and the medium in the aeration space while securing an exposed portion, and after the medium covering step, the medium is heated and sterilized together with the cultivation container. A sterilization process, a fungus inoculation process for inoculating a mushroom bacterium into the medium cooled to room temperature after the sterilization process and sealing a cultivation container, and a management for maintaining an environment necessary for mycelial culture after the fungus inoculation process Performing a mycelia culture step for culturing the fungus until the hyphae spread on the whole or the whole of the medium or until a mushroom primordium is formed, and after the mycelia culture step, opening the upper part of the cultivation container and A shielding removal process for removing the shielding; Each of the growth management steps for managing the environment necessary for this growth until the mushrooms grown from the primordial have been harvested after the shielding removal step, and the fungus bed by the shielding material It is characterized in that the initial germination of mushrooms can be induced in any part of.

JP 2008-271918 A

  However, in the mushroom germination-inducing cultivation method, it was necessary to remove a coated sheet made of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene that hinders germination growth at the time of mushroom germination in a timely manner. When this timing is delayed, there is a problem that deformation occurs such that the portion of the crushed portion is pressed by the covering sheet, or that the crushed portions come into contact with each other and are deformed to reduce the commercial value. And when peeling off this covering sheet, the top surface of the covering and the covering sheet are somewhat stuck together, and if it is forcibly removed, the scalp of the covering will be peeled off, resulting in a problem of lowering the commercial value. It was.

  In the first place, in the cultivation method using this coated sheet, the work of peeling the coated sheet is an indispensable work, and there is a problem that it takes a lot of work, and furthermore, synthetic resin materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene From the above, a plurality of round-hole processed coating sheets are dedicated sheets for this cultivation method, and there is a problem in that the cost is correspondingly high.

  Furthermore, in the conventional cultivation method described above, it is intended to generate mushrooms from the upper surface, but if management is not complete, mushrooms are not necessarily generated from the upper surface, and there is a problem that management is difficult. There is also a problem that the integration frequency (temperature × days) required for the difficult management is long and it takes 2400 degrees (20 ° C. × 120 days).

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and it is possible to reliably generate mushrooms from the upper surface with a relatively simple management method, and to reduce (shorten) the cumulative frequency of management. In addition, the present invention provides a mushroom cultivation method that does not use a costly coating sheet, and therefore eliminates the need to remove the coating sheet, and is economically superior.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention, in mushroom bed cultivation, secures a ventilation space in the upper part of the cultivation container provided with a through hole in the upper part and fills the medium, A medium covering step of covering an arbitrary portion of the upper surface of the medium with a shield that blocks air and the medium in the aeration space while ensuring an exposed part on which the bacteria can breathe, and after the medium covering step, the medium Sterilization process for heating and sterilizing the whole cultivation container, after the sterilization process, inoculating the culture medium cooled to room temperature with a fungus inoculation process and sealing the cultivation container, after the fungus inoculation process, to the mycelial culture A mycelium culture step for culturing the fungi until the hyphae spread on the whole or the whole of the medium or until the mushroom primordium is formed by performing management for maintaining a necessary environment, and after the mycelia culture step, the cultivation Open the top of the container and remove the shield The upper opening process that leaves without leaving, the growth management process that manages to maintain the environment necessary for this growth after the upper opening process until the mushrooms grown from the base have been harvested, and after the growth management process And a harvesting step for harvesting the grown mushrooms, and the initial germination of the mushrooms is induced in an arbitrary part of the fungus bed by the shielding material.

  Further, the shield in the mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention is vegetable cellulose paper, and the outer shape is formed to be approximately the size of the upper surface of the fungus bed, and a plurality of holes are formed. It is said.

  Further, the number of the plurality of holes in the mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention is two.

  Moreover, the said paper in the cultivation method of the mushroom which concerns on this invention is the waste paper for newspapers, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

Furthermore, in the mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention, an aeration space is secured in the upper part of the cultivation container provided with a through hole in the upper part, the medium is filled, and the bacteria can be respired on the medium. A medium covering step of covering any part of the upper surface of the medium with a paper with high hygroscopicity, which is a shield that blocks the air and the medium in the aeration space while securing a part;
After the medium coating step, a sterilization step of heat-sterilizing the medium together with the cultivation container, and after the sterilization step, a fungus inoculation step of inoculating the culture medium cooled to room temperature and sealing the cultivation container, After the fungus inoculation step, the mycelia culture step of cultivating the fungus until the mycelium spreads on the upper part or the whole of the medium or the mushroom primordium is formed by managing to maintain the environment necessary for the mycelial culture,
After the mycelial culture step, the upper opening step of opening the upper part of the cultivation container and leaving the shield without removing it,
After the upper opening process, a growth management process for managing to maintain an environment necessary for this growth until mushrooms grown from the primordial have been harvested,
A harvesting process for harvesting grown mushrooms after the growth management process, characterized in that initial germination of mushrooms is induced in an arbitrary part of the fungus bed by the shielding material.

  According to the present invention, the use of inexpensive waste paper for the covering sheet allows the mushroom to break through this paper easily when it germinates, so that it does not hinder the mushroom germination growth and does not deform the mushroom bulk. Therefore, it is not necessary to peel off the covering sheet. Therefore, since the work of peeling the covering sheet is not required, the labor and time of peeling and the management of delicate timing are also not required, so that an excellent effect of reducing the cost of mushroom cultivation can be achieved.

  In addition, by using waste paper with high hygroscopicity for the cover sheet, it becomes possible to keep only the upper surface covered with this cover sheet at an appropriate humidity, and moreover, mushrooms by the high concentration of lignin contained in the waste paper. The germination-inducing action is promoted, and the mushrooms germinate only on the upper surface on which the covering sheet is laid, thereby producing an excellent effect that the germination from the side surface is suppressed accordingly.

  Further, by using this paper-coated sheet, the cumulative frequency can be reduced. Conventionally, the culture period required 120 days, but it can be shortened to 100 to 110 days. As a result, the efficiency of mushroom cultivation can be improved, and the excellent effect of improving the profitability of mushroom cultivation is achieved.

It is a flowchart which shows the process of the mushroom cultivation method which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the container and culture medium of the cultivation method of the mushroom of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the coating sheet used for the cultivation method of the mushroom of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state of the culture medium covering of the cultivation method of the mushroom of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state of the mycelium culture | cultivation of the cultivation method of the mushroom of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state of the upper opening of the cultivation method of the mushroom of FIG.

  Hereinafter, the cultivation method of the mushroom in this invention is demonstrated with reference to figures. As shown in FIG. 1, the process of the mushroom cultivation method in the present invention includes a medium coating process (step S1), a sterilization process (step S2), a fungus inoculation process (step S3), a mycelia culture process (step S4), and an upper part. An opening process (step S5), a growth management process (step S6), and a harvesting process (step S7) are included.

  Next, these steps will be described in detail. First, in the culture medium covering step of step S1, as shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 4, the aeration space 3 is secured on the upper surface in the synthetic resin-made cultivation container 1 provided with the ventilation hole 3 in the upper portion, and the culture medium 10 is filled. Then, an arbitrary part on the upper surface of the medium 10 is covered with a covering sheet 5 which is a shielding member that blocks the air in the aeration space 2 and the medium 10 while securing an exposed part where the bacteria can breathe on the medium 10. It is.

  The cultivation container 1 used in this embodiment is a container formed from a synthetic resin material such as polyethylene or polypropylene into a square bag body having an upper surface opening. In the present invention, a cylindrical bag body or a wide-mouth bottle is used. You can also. Moreover, the filter 2a is attached to the ventilation hole 2 provided in the upper side surface of this cultivation container 1 so that various germs may not enter.

  Further, in the case of Shiitake, the medium 10 is a hardwood chip, raw material obtained by adding nutrients and water to sawdust, and is compressed into a substantially rectangular parallelepiped according to the dimensions of the cultivation container 1 as shown in FIG. It is a thing. Moreover, two round holes 11 and 11 penetrating inside are formed on the upper surface. This round hole 11 is formed to make it easier for the inoculum to enter the medium 10.

  The covering sheet 5 is made of paper having a high hygroscopic property made of vegetable cellulose or the like. The covering sheet 5 is not particularly limited as long as the raw material is paper, but it is preferable that the covering sheet 5 is easily broken due to a decrease in strength when the humidity is high for a certain period of time. For this reason, in the present embodiment, a relatively thin waste paper having a thickness of about 0.1 mm is used. Newspaper paper with a high waste paper mixing rate is most suitable in consideration of cost and the like.

  Moreover, the shape of this covering sheet 5 should just be the same as the upper surface dimension of the culture medium 10 only if it has a some hole and only an external dimension. As shown in FIG. 3, the best shape is one in which two round holes 5a, 5a are formed. The round holes 5a, 5a are formed so as to match the positions of the round holes 11, 11 formed in the culture medium 10. It has been done. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, a coating sheet 5 that is a non-breathable shield is coated on the medium 10 such that any part of the upper surface of the medium 10 is exposed so that bacteria can breathe. .

  Next, in the sterilization process of step S2, the top of the cultivation container 1 is folded, and the culture medium 10 is sterilized by heating together with the cultivation container 1. As the conditions at this time, it is necessary that the temperature is 100 to 120 ° C. for 10 hours. By performing this sterilization operation after the culture medium coating step, the cultivation container 1, the culture medium 10, and the coating sheet 5 can be efficiently sterilized at a time, but the cultivation container 1, the culture medium 10, and the coating sheet 5 may be sterilized separately in advance. .

  Next, in the fungus inoculation step of step S3, the inoculum of the mushroom is inoculated into the exposed portion of the medium 10 cooled to room temperature (18 ° C.) after the sterilization step, and as shown in FIG. The part 1a is sealed by thermocompression bonding or the like. Then, in the mycelia culture process in step S4, the temperature, humidity, illuminance, and ventilation are controlled, and the fungi are cultured until the mycelium spreads on the mycelium 4 or the primordium is formed.

  In this mycelial culture process, the mushroom mycelium passes through the exposed portion of the medium 10 through the holes of the covering sheet 5 previously opened after inoculation with the inoculum, decomposes and decays the medium 10, Aging progresses. By placing this covering sheet 5, compared with the case where it is not placed, the contact part between the bacterial species and the medium 10 is limited, so the growth rate of the mycelium from the upper part to the lower part of the medium 10 is slightly delayed, Accordingly, the maturation of the upper fungal bed 4 where mushroom generation is desired can be enhanced more than the side and bottom surfaces. As a result, on the upper surface portion of the target fungus bed 4, combined with the effect of the coating sheet 5, a good mycelium containing the primordies more abundantly is formed.

  Next, in the upper opening process of step S5, as shown in FIG. 6, the upper part 1b of the cultivation container 1 is cut and separated with a scissors or the like, and the upper surface is opened. A major feature of the present invention is that the covering sheet 5 is left as it is in the upper opening process. Conventionally, since a covering sheet made of synthetic resin is used, this covering sheet hinders growth and causes this deformation when the timing of removal is delayed. Since the sheet 5 is made of paper, it is easily broken by the influence of humidity or the like during the upper opening process, and when mushrooms germinate, the bulk can be easily broken and germinated. Therefore, there is no deformation of the cocoon, and high quality mushrooms with good shape can be harvested.

  Therefore, in the present invention, it is not necessary to use nerves at the time of removal of the covering sheet 5, and the management is simplified. And since this covering sheet 5 is made of paper, it contains a large amount of lignin, which is a nutrient for mushrooms. Therefore, germination of mushrooms is promoted in the portion covered with this covering sheet 5 and more on the upper surface than before. Mushrooms germinate, and there are almost no mushrooms that germinate from the side, making ideal mushroom cultivation possible. That is, since the covering sheet 5 uses waste paper, it has good water absorption and excellent moisture retention, so that only the upper surface covered with the covering sheet 5 is an ideal environment for germination, and only the upper surface is covered. It is thought that many mushrooms are generated. By the way, when the material of the covering sheet 5 was made of a synthetic resin material such as polyethylene and vinyl having good water repellency and little water retention, an excellent result that mushrooms germinate on the upper surface was not obtained.

  Moreover, in the conventional cultivation method, since the cover sheet made of a synthetic resin was used, it has a strong inhibitory effect on the germination of mushrooms. Therefore, the cumulative frequency needs to be 2400 degrees (20 ° C. × 120 days). However, in the present invention, the paper-coated sheet 5 is easily corroded in the latter half of the period, and the lignin, which is a component thereof, dissolves, so that germination is promoted and the culture period is 2000 degrees (20 ° C. × 100 days), the management cost for that is reduced and the rotation cycle of shipping becomes faster, so that the efficiency of management can be improved and the improvement of mushroom cultivation management greatly contributes .

  Next, in the growth management process of step S6, the humidity, humidity, illuminance, moisture, and the like of the fungus bed 4 are managed with the top of the cultivation container 1 being opened. That is, the temperature is kept at 20 ° C., and the upper surface is cooled for 4 days in the morning and evening while washing with water. Then, if it keeps at 14-16 degreeC, a mushroom will germinate from the primordium induced | guided | derived to the upper part of the microbial bed 4, and will grow.

  And in the harvesting process of step S7, it harvests while seeing the growth degree of the mushroom. Then, after one harvest, maintaining the water level close to the top of the fungus bed 4 and suppressing the formation of primordies below the water level with water, continuously generating and harvesting mushrooms on the top of the fungus bed 4 Will be able to.

Industrial potential

  The mushroom cultivation method of the present invention can be used for cultivation of shiitake mushrooms and other types of mushrooms.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation container 2 Ventilation hole 3 Ventilation space 4 Bacteria bed 5 Cover sheet 10 Medium S1 Medium coating process S2 Sterilization process S3 Bacteria inoculation process S4 Mycelia culture process S5 Upper opening process S6 Growth management process S7 Harvest process

Claims (6)

In mushroom bed cultivation, an aeration space is ensured in the upper part of a cultivation container having a through hole in the upper part, the medium is filled, and the aeration is performed while ensuring an exposed part on which the bacteria can breathe. A medium covering step of covering an arbitrary part of the upper surface of the medium with a shield that blocks the air in the space and the medium;
After the medium coating step, a sterilization step of heat-sterilizing the medium together with the cultivation container, and after the sterilization step, a fungus inoculation step of inoculating the culture medium cooled to room temperature and sealing the cultivation container, After the fungus inoculation step, the mycelia culture step of cultivating the fungus until the mycelium spreads on the upper part or the whole of the medium or the mushroom primordium is formed by managing to maintain the environment necessary for the mycelial culture,
After the mycelial culture step, the upper opening step of opening the upper part of the cultivation container and leaving the shield without removing it,
After the upper opening process, a growth management process for managing to maintain an environment necessary for this growth until mushrooms grown from the primordial have been harvested,
A harvesting process for harvesting grown mushrooms after the growth management process. A mushroom cultivation method characterized by inducing initial germination of mushrooms in an arbitrary part of the fungus bed by the shielding material.   The mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the shield is a vegetable cellulose paper, and the outer shape is formed substantially in the size of the upper surface of the fungus bed, and a plurality of holes are formed. Method. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of holes is two.   The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 2, wherein the paper is a waste paper having a thin thickness that is easily torn in a high humidity state. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the paper is used newspaper for newspapers. In mushroom bed cultivation, an aeration space is ensured in the upper part of a cultivation container having a through hole in the upper part, the medium is filled, and the aeration is performed while ensuring an exposed part on which the bacteria can breathe. A medium coating step of covering any part of the upper surface of the medium with hygroscopic paper that is a shield that blocks the air in the space and the medium;
After the medium coating step, a sterilization step of heat-sterilizing the medium together with the cultivation container, and after the sterilization step, a fungus inoculation step of inoculating the culture medium cooled to room temperature and sealing the cultivation container, After the fungus inoculation step, the mycelia culture step of cultivating the fungus until the mycelium spreads on the upper part or the whole of the medium or the mushroom primordium is formed by managing to maintain the environment necessary for the mycelial culture,
After the mycelial culture step, the upper opening step of opening the upper part of the cultivation container and leaving the shield without removing it,
After the upper opening process, a growth management process for managing to maintain an environment necessary for this growth until mushrooms grown from the primordial have been harvested,
A harvesting process for harvesting grown mushrooms after the growth management process. A mushroom cultivation method characterized by inducing initial germination of mushrooms in an arbitrary part of the fungus bed by the shielding material.

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