JP2003153632A - Method for cultivating mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating mushrooms in a bag, in which artificial culture medium is used, and by which waste mushroom beds after harvesting mushroom carpophores can be reused to harvest again mushroom carpophores. SOLUTION: The method for cultivating mushrooms in a bag comprises primary and secondary cultivation processes. The primary process comprises charging an asceptically air-permeable bag for cultivating mushrooms with culture medium, sterilizing the culture medium by heat followed by inoculating mushroom fungi in the culture medium to increase mushroom mycelia under asceptically air-permeable conditions, and forming a blocked mushroom bed followed by growing mushroom carpophores in the air to harvest the grown mushrooms. The secondary process comprises cutting out the upper part of the blocked mushroom bed in layers after harvesting the mushroom carpophores in the primary cultivation process, putting the blocked mushroom bed having no upper part into another cultivation bag, making another sterilized culture medium on the mushroom bed in layer, increasing mushroom mycelia in the sterilized culture medium, forming a mushroom bed integrated with the existing mushroom bed followed by growing mushroom carpophores in the air to harvest the grown mushroom carpophores.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms.

[0002]

As a method for cultivating mushrooms, a sterile air-permeable mushroom bag is filled with sawdust, a medium containing rice bran, etc. as a main component, sterilized, and inoculated with mushrooms to grow mushroom hyphae in the medium. There is a method in which the resulting block-shaped bacterial bed is taken out of the culture bag and the mushroom is grown in the air. Aseptic and breathable fungus culture bags made of plastic film have been widely used in recent years because they are lightweight and easy to handle. As a typical example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 22522/1982 proposes a culture bag in which a part of a plastic film is a porous plastic film having a hole diameter of 0.02 to 0.4 µ. The porous plastic film with a pore size of 0.02-0.4μ is
It prevents the invasion of various bacteria without obstructing the flow of air necessary for the growth of mushroom mycelia.

[0003] When the mushroom hyphae grow sufficiently in the medium, the medium is bound with the hyphae to form a block-shaped bed, the peripheral surface of which is browned to prevent various bacteria from entering the inside of the culture. Therefore, take out this from the bag, or cut open the upper part of the culture bag, and grow the mushroom body in the air. When the mushroom body has grown to the desired size, it is harvested.

Such bag cultivation method is not limited to shiitake mushrooms,
It is used in Maitake mushrooms, Yamabushi mushrooms, Hira mushrooms, Mannen mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum), Phellinus linteus mushrooms, and Hanabira mushrooms.

In the case of shiitake mushrooms, if water is supplied to the fungus bed after the first harvest for the next time to grow shiitake mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms will grow from the fungus bed and grow, so nutrients will be supplied from the medium. As long as it is long, shiitake cultivation can be carried out multiple times. However, in the case of Maitake mushrooms, Yamabushi mushrooms, etc., simply replenishing the bacterial bed after the first harvest with water does not cause the fruiting bodies to grow to a level that is commercially available. Floors have been treated as industrial waste.

[0006]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is capable of re-harvesting mushroom bodies by reusing the waste fungal bed after harvesting mushroom bodies in a widely used bag cultivation method. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating mushrooms, and it can be effectively used particularly in bag cultivation of mushrooms other than shiitake mushrooms.

[0007]

[Means for Solving the Problems] A method for cultivating a mushroom according to the present invention is as follows: a medium is filled in a sterile air-permeable bag for cultivating a mushroom, and after heat sterilization, the mushroom is inoculated into the medium in a sterile aerated state. After growing mushroom fungus hyphae to form a block-shaped fungus bed, the mushroom body is grown in the air, and the grown mushroom body is harvested.
The upper part of the block-shaped fungal bed after the mushroom body harvest in the second cultivation and the first cultivation is cut and removed in layers, and the block-shaped fungal bed from which the upper part is cut and removed is filled in a new culture bag, A new sterilized medium is layered on top, and mushroom fungus hyphae are grown in the new sterilized medium to form a microbial bed integrated with the existing microbial bed, and then the mushroom body is grown and grown in the air. It is characterized by comprising secondary cultivation for harvesting the mushroom body.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Of the above methods, the primary cultivation is exactly the same as the conventional bag cultivation method. In the first cultivation, a block-shaped fungal bed remains after harvesting mushroom bodies. In the case of mushrooms other than shiitake mushrooms, it has already been stated that, even if water is added to the waste fungus bed, fruiting bodies that are commercially available in terms of quality and quantity cannot be obtained. As a result of repeated research, a part of the block-shaped waste bed was replaced with a new medium, that is, the upper part of the block-shaped bed was cut and removed in layers, and the block-shaped bed was cut off and removed. By filling a new culture bag with a new sterilized medium in layers and growing mushroom fungi in the new sterilized medium to form a microbial bed integrated with the existing microbial bed. The mushroom body is grown in the inside, and the grown mushroom body is harvested (second
Next cultivation) was found.

Since the sterilized medium newly added in the second cultivation is in direct contact with the waste fungal bed in which the fungal hyphae have been sufficiently grown, it is not necessary to inoculate a new fungus, and a new sterilized medium is used. The time required for hyphae to grow and form a bed in the medium is short. The thickness at which the upper part of the block-shaped fungal bed after the primary cultivation is cut and removed in layers is 3 to 5 times the total thickness of the fungal bed.
About 0%, especially about 5 to 30% is preferable. Further, the thickness of the new sterilization medium provided in layers on the block-shaped bacterial bed, the upper portion of which is cut and removed, is preferably approximately the same as the thickness of the block-shaped bacterial bed that has been cut and removed. However, mushrooms can be harvested with different thicknesses. When the thickness of the newly added medium is large, the time for forming the bed can be further shortened by using it together with inoculation of new fungi from above. This is one of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0010] The smaller the cut and removed thickness of the block-shaped fungal bed after the primary cultivation, that is, the thickness of the newly added sterile medium, the shorter the formation period of the fungal bed integrated with the old fungal bed. However, the secondary harvest of mushrooms is smaller, and the larger the cutting removal thickness, and thus the newly added sterile medium, the second
The yield of mushrooms obtained in the next cultivation increases, but the period of forming a bacterial bed integrated with the old bacterial bed becomes longer. As a new sterilizing medium used in the secondary cultivation, a powdered medium containing sawdust and bran as main components or a sheet-shaped medium obtained by adding nutrients such as bran to a cellulose component can be used.

The yield of mushrooms in the secondary cultivation is about 70 to 80% of the harvest of mushrooms in the primary cultivation. From this point, it seems that the efficiency is inferior to the method of repeating only the primary cultivation (conventional method), but by using the bacterial bed in which a large amount of mycelium has already grown in the secondary cultivation. Since the time required for forming the bacterial bed is significantly shortened, the efficiency of use of the manufacturing equipment equipped with air conditioning equipment is increased,
While the annual production will increase, the generation of waste bed will decrease,
Not only is the processing cost reduced, but it is also excellent in terms of environmental protection.

The configuration and effects of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. Although the examples show Maitake mushrooms, Yamabushi mushrooms, Hira mushrooms, Mannen mushrooms (Reishi) other than Maitake mushrooms,
The present invention can also be applied to Phellinus linteus mushrooms, Hanabira mushrooms and the like.

[0013]

[Comparative Example 1] A plastic film bag in the form of a prism having a bottom surface length of 200 mm, a width of 120 mm, and a height of 370 mm, and a side surface (centered at a position 220 mm from the bottom surface) of 42 mm square, which is a bacteria blocking porous sheet. 2.5 kg of culture medium prepared by mixing nutrients such as sawdust, bran, rice bran, and water in a mushroom culture bag provided with a ventilation window
Was filled (thickness: 160 to 180 mm), sterilized by heating with steam and cooled, and then maitake fungi were inoculated, and the bag was sealed and kept at a constant temperature. Maitake mycelia grew in the entire medium after 6 weeks (bacterial bed formation period), so the upper part of the culture bag was cut open, and the mushroom body was grown in the air to grow after 2 weeks (carcass growth period). The entity was harvested (first cultivation). The average yield per bag was 560 g. That is, it was possible to harvest 560 g of maitake mushrooms per bag in a total of 8 weeks, which was a period of 6 weeks for forming a fungal bed and 2 weeks for growing fruit bodies. The above is a comparative example showing the configuration and effects of the conventional method,
It also shows the first half (first cultivation) of the example of the present invention.

[0014]

Example 1 The upper part of the block-shaped fungal bed after harvesting mushroom bodies in the primary cultivation was equivalent to 20% of the fungal bed thickness (about 3
(0 mm thickness) Cut and remove in layers, fill in a new culture bag,
On top of that, a new sterile medium prepared by mixing nutrients such as sawdust, bran, rice bran, etc., and water and sterilized is provided in a layered layer having the same thickness (approximately 30 mm thickness) as the cut and removed thickness of the block-shaped bacterial bed. When mushroom fungus hyphae were grown in various sterile media,
In 2 weeks, a bacterial bed integrated with the existing bacterial bed was formed. Here, the upper part of the culture bag was cut open, the mushroom body was grown in the air, and the Maitake fruit body that had grown after 2 weeks (fruit body growing period) was harvested (secondary cultivation). The average yield per bag was 460 g. That is, 460 per bag in a total of 4 weeks of the bacterial bed formation period of 2 weeks and the fruit body growth period of 2 weeks.
It was possible to harvest g of mushrooms. Primary cultivation (conventional method), secondary cultivation, primary cultivation + secondary cultivation (present invention)
The results are shown in Table 1.

[0015]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, the present invention in which the combination of the primary cultivation and the secondary cultivation is repeatedly carried out is compared with the conventional method in which only the primary cultivation is repeatedly carried out. The yield per unit increases by about 20%, and the amount of the discarded bacterial bed decreases by about 20%.

[0017]

[Effects of the Invention] 1) The utilization efficiency of equipment is increased and the production amount is increased. 2) The amount of bacterial beds to be discarded is small, which helps reduce environmental problems.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A sterile air-permeable bag for cultivating a mushroom fungus is filled with a medium, sterilized by heating, and inoculated with a fungus, and the mushroom fungus is grown in the medium in a sterile aerated state to form a block-shaped bed. After
Primary cultivation in which the mushroom body is grown in the air and the grown mushroom body is harvested, and the upper part of the block-shaped fungal bed after harvesting the mushroom body in the first cultivation is cut off in layers to form an upper part. A new culture bag is filled with the block-shaped fungus bed that has been cut and removed, and a new sterilized medium is layered on top of it, and mushroom fungi are grown in the new sterilized medium to integrate with the existing fungus bed. The method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises secondary cultivation in which the mushroom bodies are grown in the air after the formation of the above-mentioned fungus beds and the grown mushroom bodies are harvested. 2. The thickness for cutting and removing the upper part of the block-shaped fungal bed in layers after the primary cultivation is 3 to 50 of the total thickness of the fungal bed.
%, The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1. 3. The mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the new sterilized medium provided in layers on the block-shaped fungus bed with the upper part cut off is about the same as the cut-off thickness of the block-shaped fungal bed. Cultivation method. 4. A new sterilizing medium used in the secondary cultivation is a powdered medium mainly containing sawdust and bran or a sheet-shaped medium obtained by adding nutrients such as bran to a cellulose component by heat sterilization. The method for cultivating a mushroom according to claim 1.