JP6848858B2 - 光起電力素子 - Google Patents
光起電力素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6848858B2 JP6848858B2 JP2017514717A JP2017514717A JP6848858B2 JP 6848858 B2 JP6848858 B2 JP 6848858B2 JP 2017514717 A JP2017514717 A JP 2017514717A JP 2017514717 A JP2017514717 A JP 2017514717A JP 6848858 B2 JP6848858 B2 JP 6848858B2
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- Prior art keywords
- photoelectric conversion
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- electron
- manufactured
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- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
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Description
すなわち、本発明は、少なくとも陰極、光電変換層、正孔取出し層、および陽極をこの順に有する光起電力素子であって、前記正孔取出し層が正孔輸送性材料、および上記一般式(1)または(2)で表される化合物を含有する光起電力素子である。
(上記一般式(4)中、R4はアルコキシカルボニル基またはアルカノイル基を表す。Yは水素原子またはハロゲンを表す。)
(上記一般式(5)中、R5はアルキル基、置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール基または置換されていてもよいアリール基を示す。)
上記の骨格構造を有する共役系重合体の中でも、広い光吸収波長領域と深いHOMO準位を有することから高い光起電力特性が得られる下記一般式(6)で表される共役系重合体が本発明の組成物の電子供与性有機半導体としてより好ましい。
電子受容性有機半導体は、n型半導体特性を示す有機化合物であれば特に限定されない。例えば、1,4,5,8−ナフタレンテトラカルボキシリックジアンハイドライド、3,4,9,10−ペリレンテトラカルボキシリックジアンハイドライド、N,N'−ジオクチル−3,4,9,10−ナフチルテトラカルボキシジイミド、オキサゾール誘導体(2−(4−ビフェニリル)−5−(4−t−ブチルフェニル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾール、2,5−ジ(1−ナフチル)−1,3,4−オキサジアゾール等)、トリアゾール誘導体(3−(4−ビフェニリル)−4−フェニル−5−(4−t−ブチルフェニル)−1,2,4−トリアゾール等)、フェナントロリン誘導体、フラーレン、フラーレン誘導体、カーボンナノチューブ、ポリ−p−フェニレンビニレン系重合体にシアノ基を導入した誘導体(CN−PPV)などが挙げられる。これらを2種以上用いてもよい。安定でキャリア移動度の高いn型半導体であることから、フラーレンまたはフラーレン誘導体が好ましく用いられる。すなわち、本発明の光起電力素子において、前記光電変換層が、電子供与性有機半導体と、フラーレンまたはフラーレン誘導体とを含有することが好ましい。
Isc:短絡電流密度
Voc:開放電圧
FF:フィルファクター
η:光電変換効率
ITO:インジウム錫酸化物
A−1:下記式で表される化合物
CF:クロロホルム
各実施例・比較例における光電変換効率は、次式により求めた。
η(%)=Isc(mA/cm2)×Voc(V)×FF/照射光強度(mW/cm2)×100
FF=JVmax/(Isc(mA/cm2)×Voc(V))
JVmax(mW/cm2)は、印加電圧が0Vから開放電圧までの間で電流密度と印加電圧の積が最大となる点における電流密度と印加電圧の積の値である。
合成例1
化合物A−1を式1に示す方法で合成した。なお、化合物(1−i)はジャーナルオブザアメリカンケミカルソサエティ(Journal of the American Chemical Society)、2009年、131巻、7792−7799頁に記載されている方法を参考に、化合物(1−p)はアンゲバンテケミ インターナショナルエディション(Angewandte Chem Internatioal Edition)、2011年、50巻、9697−9702頁に記載されている方法を参考にして合成した。
1H−NMR(270MHz,CDCl3):7.71(s,1H),4.79(s,1H),4.59(s,1H),3.88(s,3H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,CDCl3):7.48(s,1H),4.19(t,J=3.0Hz,2H),4.05(t,J=3.0Hz,2H),3.87(s,3H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,DMSO−d6):7.46(s,1H),4.18(t,J=3.2Hz,2H),4.01(t,J=3.2Hz,2H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,DMSO−d6):13.31(brs,1H),4.20(t,J=3.0Hz,2H),4.03(t,J=3.0Hz,2H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,CDCl3):4.27(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),4.16(t,J=3.0Hz,2H),4.01(t,J=3.0Hz,2H),1.72(m,2H),1.5−1.3(m,12H),0.88(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,CDCl3):7.65(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),7.28(dd,J=2.7Hz and 5.4Hz,1H),4.31(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.75(m,2H),1.42−1.29(m,12H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,3H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,CDCl3):4.32(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),1.75(m,2H),1.42−1.29(m,12H),0.89(t,J=6.8Hz,3H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,CDCl3):7.69(d,J=4.9Hz,2H),7.64(d,J=4.9Hz,2H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,CDCl3):7.11(d,4.9Hz,1H),6.92(dd,4.9Hz and 3.2Hz,1H),6.76(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),2.76(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.62(m,1H),1.4−1.3(m,8H),0.88(m,6H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,CDCl3):7.63(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),6.88(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),2.86(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.70−1.61(m,1H),1.56−1.41(m,8H),0.97−0.89(m,6H)ppm。
1H−NMR(270MHz,CDCl3):7.68(s,2H),7.31(d,J=3.2Hz,2H),6.90(d,J=3.2Hz,2H),2.87(d,J=6.2Hz,4H),1.69(m,2H),1.40−1.30(m,16H),1.0−0.9(m,12H),0.39(s,18H)ppm。
水5μLとエタノール溶媒(和光純薬工業(株) 製)0.5mLを、酢酸亜鉛2水和物(和光純薬工業(株) 製)10mgの入ったサンプル瓶の中に加え、熱溶解して溶液Aを得た。溶液Aに3−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(アルドリッチ社製)を1体積%の割合で加えて溶液Bを得た。3,4,5−トリメトキシトルエン(東京化成工業(株)製)を2体積%の割合で混合したクロロホルム溶媒0.2mLを、A−1 0.9mg、[70]PCBM(ソレーヌ社製)1.1mgの入ったサンプル瓶の中に加え、超音波洗浄機(井内盛栄堂(株)製US−2、出力120W)中で30分間超音波照射することにより溶液Cを得た。PEDOT:PSS水溶液(CLEVIOS P VP AI4083)と水と2−プロパノール(和光純薬工業(株) 製)とを30:50:20の体積%で混合し、溶液Dを得た。溶液Dにポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテル(アルドリッチ社製)を0.2重量%となるように加えて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した。
正孔取出し層塗布液を作製する際に、PEDOT:PSS水溶液と2−プロパノールを20:80体積%で混合した溶液にポリオキシエチレン(3)ラウリルエーテル(花王株式会社製エマルゲン103)を0.2重量%となるように加えて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(5)ラウリルエーテル(花王株式会社製エマルゲン106)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(6)ラウリルエーテル(花王株式会社製エマルゲン108)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(9)ラウリルエーテル(花王株式会社製エマルゲン109P)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(5)トリデシルエーテル(竹本油脂株式会社製ニューカルゲンD−1205)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(8)トリデシルエーテル(竹本油脂株式会社製ニューカルゲンD−1208)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(7)オレイルエーテル(東京化成工業(株)製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は、実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(10)オレイルエーテル(東京化成工業(株)製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は、実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(13)オレイルエーテル(東京化成工業(株)製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は、実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルを加えずに正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層を成膜することができなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてアセチレングリコール系界面活性剤オルフィンEXP.4200(日信化学社製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(10)オクチルフェニルエーテル(Triton X−100(MPBIOMEDICALS社製))を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製して、測定を行った。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(10)ラウリルエーテル(竹本油脂株式会社製パイオニンD−1110)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(23)ラウリルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(2)セチルエーテル(アルドリッチ社製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(5)セチルエーテル(竹本油脂株式会社製パイオニンD−1305−Z)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(8)セチルエーテル(日油株式会社製ノニオンP−208)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(10)セチルエーテル(アルドリッチ社製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(20)セチルエーテル(和光純薬工業(株)製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(4)ステアリルエーテル(ワコーケミカル(株)製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(10)ステアリルエーテル(アルドリッチ社製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
ポリオキシエチレン(4)ラウリルエーテルに代えてポリオキシエチレン(20)ステアリルエーテル(ワコーケミカル(株)製)を用いて正孔取出し層塗布液を調製した他は実施例1と全く同様にして光起電力素子を作製しようとしたが、光電変換層上で正孔取出し層塗布液が弾かれ、正孔取出し層が成膜できなかった。
2 陰極
3 光電変換層
4 正孔取出し層
5 陽極
Claims (9)
- 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有し、前記一般式(1)中のR1が炭素数10〜13のアルキル基または炭素数10〜13のアルカノイル基である請求項1に記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有し、前記一般式(1)中のnが3〜6の自然数である請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記一般式(2)で表される化合物を含有し、前記一般式(2)中のR2がオレイル基であり、mが5〜20の自然数である請求項1に記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記一般式(2)で表される化合物を含有し、前記一般式(2)中のmが7〜13の自然数である請求項1または4に記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記正孔輸送性材料が導電性高分子を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記導電性高分子として、ポリスチレンスルフォネートが添加されたポリエチレンジオキシチオフェンを含む、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の光起電力素子。
- 側鎖にアルキル基を有する材料が電子供与性有機材料である、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の光起電力素子。
- 前記光電変換層が、電子供与性有機半導体と、フラーレンまたはフラーレン誘導体とを含有する、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の光起電力素子。
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