JP6848008B2 - 接合方法 - Google Patents
接合方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6848008B2 JP6848008B2 JP2019106148A JP2019106148A JP6848008B2 JP 6848008 B2 JP6848008 B2 JP 6848008B2 JP 2019106148 A JP2019106148 A JP 2019106148A JP 2019106148 A JP2019106148 A JP 2019106148A JP 6848008 B2 JP6848008 B2 JP 6848008B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- joined
- layer
- ion conductor
- bonded
- oxygen ion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 133
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 84
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 91
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000968352 Scandia <hydrozoan> Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRZDGOVUVYMHKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [In+3].[O-2].[Ba+2] Chemical compound [In+3].[O-2].[Ba+2] DRZDGOVUVYMHKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQSDFKXDNYDAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Ni++].[La+3] Chemical compound [O--].[Ni++].[La+3] QQSDFKXDNYDAFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);scandium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sc+3].[Sc+3] HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GFHFDGDZKAYMPS-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium;nickel(2+);trifluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[K+].[Ni+2] GFHFDGDZKAYMPS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/27—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/271—Manufacture and pre-treatment of the layer connector preform
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/27—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/274—Manufacturing methods by blanket deposition of the material of the layer connector
- H01L2224/2746—Plating
- H01L2224/27462—Electroplating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L2224/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
- H01L2224/838—Bonding techniques
- H01L2224/83893—Anodic bonding, i.e. bonding by applying a voltage across the interface in order to induce ions migration leading to an irreversible chemical bond
Description
前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材とを、両者が前記酸素イオン伝導体層を介して接触するように配置する配置工程と、
前記第1の被接合材を電圧印加装置の正極側及び負極側のうちの一方に接続するとともに、前記第2の被接合材を電圧印加装置の正極側及び負極側のうちの他方に接続する接続工程と、
前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材との間に電圧を印加して、前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材とを接合する電圧印加工程と、
を含み、
前記第1の被接合材は、その表面に酸化物層を有し、
前記酸素イオン伝導体層形成工程において、前記酸素イオン伝導体層は前記第2の被接合材の表面に形成され、
前記配置工程において、前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材とが、両者が前記酸化物層及び前記酸素イオン伝導体層を介して接触するように配置され、
前記接続工程において、前記第1の被接合材が電圧印加装置の負極側に接続され、前記第2の被接合材が電圧印加装置の正極側に接続されることを特徴とする接合方法。
X−O−+M → X−O−M+e (3)
Na++e → Na (4)
O2−+M → M−O+2e (7)
X−O+O2−+M−O → X−O3−M+2e (8)
Q=qSNs (9)
ここで、qは電荷素量(1.6×10−19(C ))、Sは接合界面の面積(cm2)、Nsは原子の平面密度(cm−2)である。
Q=It=Vt/R (10)
ここで、Rは回路(すなわち、セラミックス)の抵抗値(Ω)、Vは第1の被接合材と第2の被接合材との間に印加する電圧(V)、tは電圧印加時間、すなわち接合時間(s)である。
R=Vt/Q (11)
セラミックスの抵抗率をρ(Ω・cm)とすると、ρは下記の式(12)で与えられる。
ρ=RS/d (12)
ただし、dはセラミックスの厚み(cm)である。
パワーモジュールを構成するベースプレートとパワーモジュール基板とを接合した。まず、アルミニウムで構成されたベースプレート11及びアルミナで構成されたパワーモジュール基板12を用意した。そして、図2(a)に示すように、YSZからなる酸素イオン伝導体層13をベースプレート11の表面に形成した。次に、図2(b)に示すように、ベースプレート11を電圧印加装置Vの正極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させるとともに、パワーモジュール基板12を電圧印加装置Vの負極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させた。そして、ベースプレート11、パワーモジュール基板12および酸素イオン伝導体層13を500℃に加熱した状態で、ベースプレート11とパワーモジュール基板12との間に100Vの直流電圧を印加した。その結果、ベースプレート11とパワーモジュール基板12とが強固に接合された(陰極接合)。
実施例1と同様に、パワーモジュールを構成するベースプレートとパワーモジュール基板とを接合した。ただし、図3(a)に示すように、酸素イオン伝導体層13はパワーモジュール基板12の表面に形成した。ここで、ベースプレート11の表面には、ベースプレート11を構成するアルミニウムの自然酸化膜11a(酸化物層)が形成されていた。そして、図3(b)に示すように、ベースプレート11を電圧印加装置Vの負極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させるとともに、パワーモジュール基板12を電圧印加装置Vの正極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させた。その結果、ベースプレート11とパワーモジュール基板12とが強固に接合された。
実施例1と同様に、パワーモジュールを構成するベースプレートとパワーモジュール基板とを接合した。ただし、ベースプレート111はアルミニウムよりも硬いSUSで構成し、図4(a)に示すように、パワーモジュール基板12の表面に、銅からなるめっき層14を形成した。ここで、めっき層14の表面には、めっき層14を構成する銅の自然酸化膜(酸化物層)14aが形成されていた。そして、図4(b)に示すように、ベースプレート111とパワーモジュール基板12とを、両者が酸素イオン伝導体層13及びめっき層14を介して接触するように配置した。続いて、ベースプレート111を電圧印加装置Vの正極側に接続された電極板Pに接触させるとともに、パワーモジュール基板12を電圧印加装置Vの負極側に接続された電極板Pに接触させ、ベースプレート111とパワーモジュール基板12との間に直流電圧を印加した。その結果、ベースプレート111とパワーモジュール基板12とが強固に接合された(陰極接合)。このように、めっき層を形成することにより、硬い材料同士でも均一に接合することができる。
実施例3と同様に、パワーモジュールを構成するベースプレートと冷却プレートとを接合した。ただし、図5(a)に示すように、めっき層114を金で形成した。ここで、めっき層114の表面には自然酸化膜は形成されていなかった。そして、図5(b)に示すように、ベースプレート111とパワーモジュール基板12とを、両者が酸素イオン伝導体層13及びめっき層114を介して接触するように配置した。続いて、ベースプレート111を電圧印加装置Vの負極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させるとともに、パワーモジュール基板12を電圧印加装置Vの正極側に接続された電極板Pに接触させ、実施例3と同様に直流電圧を印加した。その結果、ベースプレート111とパワーモジュール基板12とが強固に接合された(陽極接合)。
実施例3と同様に、パワーモジュールを構成するベースプレートとパワーモジュール基板とを接合した。ただし、図6(b)に示すように、パワーモジュール基板12を貫通する貫通孔を形成し、めっき層14を電圧印加装置Vの負極側に直接接続するとともに、ベースプレート111を電圧印加装置Vの正極側に接続された電極板Pに接触させた。そして、ベースプレート111、パワーモジュール基板12および酸素イオン伝導体層13を300℃に加熱した状態で、ベースプレート111とパワーモジュール基板12との間に100Vの直流電圧を印加した。その結果、ベースプレート111とパワーモジュール基板12とが強固に接合された。本実施例においては、実施例3に比べて低温で接合することができ、また短時間で接合を完了させることができた(陰極接合)。
パワーモジュールの多層配線基板を構成する配線基板を接合した。まず、図7(a)に示すように、アルミナで構成された基板21aの表面に銅やアルミニウムからなる内部配線層21bを形成して配線基板21を構成した。ここで、内部配線層21bの表面には、内部配線層21bを構成する銅やアルミニウムの自然酸化膜21cが形成されていた。そして、隣接する配線基板22の表面に、YSZからなる酸素イオン伝導体層23を形成した。次に、図7(b)に示すように、配線基板21を電圧印加装置Vの負極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させるとともに、配線基板22を電圧印加装置Vの正極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させた。そして、配線基板21、22および酸素イオン伝導体層23を500℃に加熱した状態で、配線基板21と配線基板22との間に100Vの直流電圧を印加した。その結果、配線基板21と配線基板22とが強固に接合された。このように、本発明により、パワーモジュールを構成する多層配線基板の配線基板同士を強固に接合することができる。また、組み立て工程において、内部配線層を変更することができるため、設計及び製造の自由度を向上させることができる。
実施例6と同様に、パワーモジュールの多層配線基板を構成する配線基板を接合した。ただし、図8(a)に示すように、内部配線層121bを金メッキで構成し、その表面には自然酸化膜が形成されていなかった。また、図8(b)に示すように、配線基板21を電圧印加装置Vの正極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させるとともに、配線基板22を電圧印加装置Vの負極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させ、実施例6同様に直流電圧を印加した。その結果、配線基板21と配線基板22とが強固に接合された(陽極接合)。
実施例6と同様に、パワーモジュールの多層配線基板を構成する配線基板を接合した。ただし、図9(a)に示すように、ガラスフリットを軟化させた後、硬化させてガラスフリット層21dを形成して内部配線層21bを被覆した。そして、図9(b)に示すように、実施例6同様に直流電圧を印加した。その結果、配線基板21と配線基板22とが強固に接合された(陰極接合)。このように、ガラスフリット層21dにより、内部配線層21bの周囲に隙間のない接合を形成することができ、外力や耐候性に対する信頼性を向上させることができる。
パワーモジュールを構成する外部接続端子と配線基板とを接合した。まず、Cuからなる2つの外部接続端子31及びアルミナからなる配線基板32を用意した。ここで外部接続端子31の表面には自然酸化膜31aが形成されていた。そして、図10(a)に示すように、YSZからなる酸素イオン伝導体層33を配線基板32の表面に形成した。次に、図10(b)に示すように、外部接続端子31を電圧印加装置Vの負極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させるとともに、配線基板32を電圧印加装置Vの正極側に接続された電極板Pを接触させた。そして、外部接続端子31、配線基板32および酸素イオン伝導体層33を500℃に加熱した状態で、外部接続端子31と配線基板32との間に100Vの直流電圧を印加した。これにより、外部接続端子31と配線基板32とが強固に接合された。このように、本発明により、パワーモジュールを構成する外部接続端子と配線基板とを強固に接合でき、配線と端子の接続が容易になり、設計及び製造の自由度を向上させることができる。
11a,14a,21c 自然酸化膜
12 パワーモジュール基板
13,23,33 酸素イオン伝導体層
14,114 めっき層
14a 自然酸化膜
21,22,32 配線基板
21a 基板
21b,121b 内部配線層
21d ガラスフリット層
31 外部接続端子
P 電極板
V 電圧印加装置
Claims (5)
- 金属を有する第1の被接合材及びセラミックスを有する第2の被接合材のうち、前記第2の被接合材の表面に酸素イオン伝導体層を形成する酸素イオン伝導体層形成工程と、
前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材とを、両者が前記酸素イオン伝導体層を介して接触するように配置する配置工程と、
前記第1の被接合材を電圧印加装置の負極側に接続するとともに、前記第2の被接合材を電圧印加装置の正極側に接続する接続工程と、
前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材との間に電圧を印加して、前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材とを接合する電圧印加工程と、
を含み、
前記第1の被接合材は、その表面に酸化物層を有し、
前記配置工程において、前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材とが、両者が前記酸化物層及び前記酸素イオン伝導体層を介して接触するように配置されることを特徴とする接合方法。 - 前記第1の被接合材が、その表面に金属めっき層を有し、該金属めっき層がその表面に前記酸化物層を有し、
前記配置工程において、前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材とが、両者が前記酸化物層及び前記酸素イオン伝導体層を介して接触するように配置される、請求項1に記載の接合方法。 - 前記第1の被接合材は、その表面に金属を有する内部配線層を有し、該内部配線層の表面に前記酸化物層が設けられており、
前記配置工程において、前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材とが、両者が前記酸化物層及び前記酸素イオン伝導体層を介して接触するように配置される、請求項1に記載の接合方法。 - 前記第1の被接合材は、その表面に金属を有する内部配線層を有し、前記酸化物層として、前記内部配線層を覆う、酸化シリコンで構成されたガラスフリットを軟化させた後硬化させたガラスフリット層を有し、
前記配置工程において、前記第1の被接合材と前記第2の被接合材とが、両者が前記酸素イオン伝導体層及び前記ガラスフリット層を介して接触するように配置される、請求項1に記載の接合方法。
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