JP6827568B2 - 二次電池用高分子電解質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用高分子電解質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6827568B2 JP6827568B2 JP2019568618A JP2019568618A JP6827568B2 JP 6827568 B2 JP6827568 B2 JP 6827568B2 JP 2019568618 A JP2019568618 A JP 2019568618A JP 2019568618 A JP2019568618 A JP 2019568618A JP 6827568 B2 JP6827568 B2 JP 6827568B2
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- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 132
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 32
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 110
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- QWNFEDACBXJNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(methyl)azanium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound CC[NH+](C)CC.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QWNFEDACBXJNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDFUZGIURBWOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(propyl)azanium trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCC[NH+](C)C.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KDFUZGIURBWOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC=1OC(O)=C(O)C=1O BLBBMBKUUHYSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium monoxide Inorganic materials [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002847 impedance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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Description
本発明は、優れた機械的強度と、向上した電気伝導度およびイオン伝導度とを有する二次電池用高分子電解質を提供することを目的とする。
下記化学式1または化学式2で表されるポリマーと、
ドーパント(dopant)として二重結合を少なくとも一つ以上有する電子受容体(electron−acceptor)とを含む二次電池用高分子電解質を提供する。
R1およびR6は、それぞれ独立して、下記化学式aで表され、または下記化学式bで表され、この際、R9は、−C(CF3)2−であり、
R4は、下記化学式dで表され、この際、R10は、−C(CF3)2−であり、
p、p1、q、q1、rおよびsは、0または1であり、
n:mの割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比であり、
n´:m´の割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比である。
n2:m2の割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比であり、
n3:m3の割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比であり、
n4:m4の割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比である。
正極と、負極と、前記正極および負極の少なくとも一面に形成された高分子電解質とを含み、前記高分子電解質としては、本発明の二次電池用高分子電解質を含んでもよい。
下記化学式1または化学式2で表されるポリマーと、
ドーパント(dopant)として二重結合を少なくとも一つ以上有する電子受容体(electron−acceptor)とを含む二次電池用高分子電解質を提供する。
R1およびR6は、それぞれ独立して、下記化学式aで表され、または下記化学式bで表され、この際、R9は、−C(CF3)2−であり、
R4は、下記化学式dで表され、この際、R10は、−C(CF3)2−であり、
p、p1、q、q1、rおよびsは、0または1であり、
前記n:mの割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比であり、
n´:m´の割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比である。
n2:m2の割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比であり、
n3:m3の割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比であり、
n4:m4の割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比である。
正極と、負極と、前記正極および負極の少なくとも一面に形成された高分子電解質とを含み、
前記高分子電解質としては、本発明の高分子電解質を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
実施例1.
(電極の製造)
正極活物質として4.2V級LiCoO2化合物92重量%、導電材としてカーボンブラック4重量%、バインダー成分としてPVDF2重量%を溶剤であるN−メチル−2ピロリドン(NMP)に添加し、正極合剤を製造した。
100gの化学式2aのポリマー(重量平均分子量(Mw)=660,000、n´1:m´1=50:50)と前記化学式3の電子受容体を1:0.2のモル比で混合し、NMP500gに投入した後、攪拌して混合溶液を製造した。前記正極極板の少なくとも一表面に前記混合溶液を塗布し、乾燥して50μm厚さの固体高分子電解質を製造した(下記表1参照)。
前記製造された負極と高分子電解質を含む正極との間にポリオレフィン系セパレータ(厚さ:20μm)を介在して電極組立体を製造し、前記電極組立体をパウチ型電池ケースに収納し、EC/DEC=5:5vol%で混合した1M LiPF6を含む液体電解液を注液し、4.2V級二次電池(Full cell)を製造した。
前記実施例1で前記化学式2aで表されるポリマーの代わりに、化学式1aで表されるポリマー(重量平均分子量(Mw)743,000、n2:m2=50:50)と前記化学式4の電子受容体を1:0.2のモル比で投入する以外は、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1で前記化学式2aで表されるポリマーの代わりに、化学式1bで表されるポリマー(重量平均分子量(Mw)936,000、n3:m3=50:50)と前記化学式5の電子受容体を1:0.2のモル比で投入する以外は、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1で前記化学式2aで表されるポリマーの代わりに、化学式1cで表されるポリマー(重量平均分子量(Mw)1,300,000、n4:m4=50:50)と前記化学式6の電子受容体を1:0.2のモル比で投入する以外は、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1で前記化学式3の電子受容体の代わりに、化学式7の電子受容体を使用し、リチウム塩としてLiPF6 1Mをさらに含む以外は、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例2で前記化学式4の電子受容体の代わりに、化学式7の電子受容体をポリマー:電子受容体1:0.1のモル比で投入し、リチウム塩としてLiPF6 1Mをさらに含む以外は、前記実施例2と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例3でポリマー:電子受容体を1:0.1のモル比で投入し、リチウム塩としてLiPF6 1Mをさらに含む以外は、前記実施例3と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例4でポリマー:電子受容体を1:0.1のモル比で投入し、リチウム塩としてLiPF6 1Mをさらに含む以外は、前記実施例4と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例5でポリマー:電子受容体を1:0.1のモル比で投入する以外は、前記実施例5と同様の方法で高分子電解質を製造した。次いで、二次電池の製造時に前記製造された高分子電解質90g当たりイオン性液体(EMIM−TFSI)10gをさらに注液し、本発明の高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例7で高分子電解質を製造した後、二次電池の製造時に高分子電解質90g当たりイオン性液体(EMIM−TFSI)10gをさらに注液する以外は、前記実施例7と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1で高分子電解質の製造時に、ポリマー:電子受容体を1:400のモル比で投入する以外は、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例2で高分子電解質の製造時に、ポリマー:電子受容体を1:400のモル比で投入する以外は、前記実施例2と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1で高分子電解質の製造時に、前記化学式2aのポリマー(重量平均分子量(Mw)=2,100,000、n´1:m´1=50:50)と前記化学式7の電子受容体を1:0.001のモル比で投入する以外は、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例4で高分子電解質の製造時に、前記化学式1cのポリマー(重量平均分子量(Mw)=2,440,000、n´1:m´1=50:50)と前記化学式7の電子受容体を1:0.001のモル比で投入する以外は、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例1で電子受容体を含まず、その代わりにリチウム塩のみを含む以外は、前記実施例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例4で前記化学式1cで表されるポリマーの代わりに、下記化学式8で表される化合物からなる高分子電解質を使用する以外は、前記実施例4と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記比較例2で電子受容体を含まず、その代わりにリチウム塩(LiPF6)1Mを含む以外は、前記比較例2と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
前記比較例1で二次電池の製造時に高分子電解質90g当たりイオン性液体(EMIM−TFSI)10gをさらに注液する以外は、前記比較例1と同様の方法で高分子電解質およびこれを含む二次電池を製造した。
実験例1.イオン伝導度の測定
実施例1〜12で製造された高分子電解質と、比較例1〜4で製造された高分子電解質の上部に金(Au)電極を1mm直径の円形にスパッタ(sputter)法を用いてコーティングした後、温度に応じて、交流インピーダンス測定法を用いて測定した。前記イオン伝導度は、VMP3測定装置と4294Aを使用して、周波数帯域1MHz〜0.01Hzで測定した。その測定結果を下記表2に示した。
実施例1,5、9および11で製造された二次電池と、比較例1および4で製造された二次電池に対して、7Vまで、線形走査電圧電流法(Linear sweep voltammetry、LSV)または循環電圧電流法(Cyclic voltammetry)を用いて、60℃で電気化学的安定性を測定した。
Claims (16)
- 下記化学式1または化学式2で表されるポリマーと、
ドーパント(dopant)として二重結合を少なくとも一つ以上有する電子受容体(electron−acceptor)とを含む、二次電池用高分子電解質。
R1およびR6は、それぞれ独立して、下記化学式aで表され、または下記化学式bで表され、この際、R9は、−C(CF3)2−であり、
R4は、下記化学式dで表され、この際、R10は、−C(CF3)2−であり、
p、p1、q、q1、rおよびsは、0または1であり、
n:mの割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比であり、
n´:m´の割合は、95:5〜5:95モル比である。 - 前記化学式1中、前記n:mの割合は、40:60〜60:40モル比であり、
前記化学式2中、前記n´:m´の割合は、40:60〜60:40モル比である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。 - 前記化学式1または化学式2で表されるポリマーの重量平均分子量(Mw)は、5,000g/mol〜1,500,000g/molである、請求項1または2に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。
- 前記ポリマー:電子受容体のモル比は、1:0.01〜1:500である、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。
- 前記二次電池用高分子電解質は、リチウム塩をさらに含む、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。
- 前記リチウム塩は、カチオンとして、Li+を含み、
アニオンとして、F−、Cl−、Br−、I−、NO3 −、N(CN)2 −、BF4 −、ClO4 −、AlO4 −、AlCl4 −、PF6 −、SbF6 −、AsF6 −、BF2C2O4 −、B(C2O4)2 −、(CF3)2PF4 −、(CF3)3PF3 −、(CF3)4PF2 −、(CF3)5PF−、(CF3)6P−、CF3SO3 −、C4F9SO3 −、CF3CF2SO3 −、(CF3SO2)2N−、(FSO2)2N−、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−、(CF3SO2)2N−、(SF5)3C−、(CF3SO2)3C−、CF3(CF2)7SO3 −、CF3CO2 −、CH3CO2 −、SCN−および(CF3CF2SO2)2N−からなる群から選択される少なくともいずれか一つを含む、請求項8に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。 - 前記リチウム塩は、二次電池用高分子電解質の中に0.01M〜5Mの濃度で含まれる、請求項8または9に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。
- 前記高分子電解質は、自立型(free−standing)固体高分子電解質である、請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。
- 前記高分子電解質は、イオン性液体をさらに含む、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。
- 前記イオン性液体は、ジエチルメチルアンモニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、ジメチルプロピルアンモニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、N,N−ジエチル−N−メチル−N−(2−メトキシエチル)アンモニウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、N−メチル−N−プロピルピペリジウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウム−ビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド、1−エチル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、N−メチル−N−プロピルピロリジニウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド、N−メチル−N−プロピルピロリジニウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド、N−ブチル−N−メチルピロリジニウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドおよびメチルプロピルピペリジウムトリフルオロメタンスルホニルイミドからなる群から選択される一つ以上を含む、請求項12に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。
- 前記イオン性液体は、高分子電解質の全重量に対して、0.01重量%〜50重量%含まれる、請求項12または13に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。
- 前記高分子電解質は、固体高分子−液体混成電解質である、請求項12から14の何れか一項に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質。
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極および負極の少なくとも一面に形成された高分子電解質とを含み、
前記高分子電解質としては、請求項1から15の何れか一項に記載の二次電池用高分子電解質を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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