JP6804210B2 - ミョウバン含有組成物 - Google Patents
ミョウバン含有組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6804210B2 JP6804210B2 JP2016067462A JP2016067462A JP6804210B2 JP 6804210 B2 JP6804210 B2 JP 6804210B2 JP 2016067462 A JP2016067462 A JP 2016067462A JP 2016067462 A JP2016067462 A JP 2016067462A JP 6804210 B2 JP6804210 B2 JP 6804210B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- alum
- component
- acid
- solubility
- chlorohydroxyaluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- -1 Chlorhydroxyaluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000019606 astringent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 5
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940058015 1,3-butylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011126 aluminium potassium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001166 anti-perspirative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003213 antiperspirant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940008099 dimethicone Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940050271 potassium alum Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000178870 Lavandula angustifolia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010663 Lavandula angustifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNCOOIBIVIODKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;hypochlorous acid Chemical compound [Al].ClO NNCOOIBIVIODKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- WPUMTJGUQUYPIV-JIZZDEOASA-L disodium (S)-malate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O WPUMTJGUQUYPIV-JIZZDEOASA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001102 lavandula vera Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018219 lavender Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019265 sodium DL-malate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001394 sodium malate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5s)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUNWUEBNSZSNRX-RKGWDQTMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosa-2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C YYGNTYWPHWGJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N -2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)=O RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-fluorophenyl)oxane-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1C1(C(=O)O)CCOCC1 CYDQOEWLBCCFJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJALWSVNUBBQRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Isopropyl-3-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1C IJALWSVNUBBQRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000144927 Aloe barbadensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002961 Aloe barbadensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CAKGLMPBYAPFCR-UWBMNBDUSA-N Bemisiose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CAKGLMPBYAPFCR-UWBMNBDUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical group [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XFTRTWQBIOMVPK-YFKPBYRVSA-N Citramalic acid Natural products OC(=O)[C@](O)(C)CC(O)=O XFTRTWQBIOMVPK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UWTATZPHSA-N D-glyceric acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RBNPOMFGQQGHHO-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-ZAFYKAAXSA-N D-threo-isocitric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-ZAFYKAAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208690 Hamamelis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208680 Hamamelis mollis Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-FONMRSAGSA-N Isocitric acid Natural products OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ODBLHEXUDAPZAU-FONMRSAGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHEOSNUKNHRBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetramethylsqualene Natural products CC(=C)C(C)CCC(=C)C(C)CCC(C)=CCCC=C(C)CCC(C)C(=C)CCC(C)C(C)=C BHEOSNUKNHRBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UMEAURNTRYCPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iron(2+) Chemical compound N.[Fe+2] UMEAURNTRYCPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
(A)クロルヒドロキシアルミニウム
(B)ミョウバン
(C)ヒドロキシ酸
(D)水
を含むミョウバン含有組成物を提供するものである。
ましい。
表1及び表2に示す組成及び下記製造方法にて化粧水を調製し、溶解性及び収斂感について、以下に示す評価方法及び判定基準により評価判定し、結果を表1及び表2に示した。
A.成分1〜10を70℃に加温し、均一に溶解する。
B.Aを攪拌しながら冷却後、化粧水を得た。
製造直後の各試料について、分光光度計「UV−2500PC UV−VIS REDCORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER」(SHIMADZU社製)を用い、光路長10mmのセルでの波長700nmの光の透過率を測定した。クロルヒドロキシアルミニウムやミョウバンの溶解性が優れているもの程、透過率が高いため、各試料の溶解性の状態を以下の基準により判定した。また、比較例9、比較例4、実施例1、実施例4、実施例7の製造直後の外観写真を図1に示す。
[評価基準]
◎:透過率80%より大きく、100%以下
○:透過率50%より大きく、80%以下
△:透過率20%より大きく、50%以下
×:透過率20%以下
各試料を化粧品評価専門パネル5名が脇に使用し、以下の評価基準に従って5段階に評価し、その平均点を以下の判定基準(II)に従って判定した。
[評価基準]
5:収斂感を非常に強く感じる
4:収斂感を強く感じる
3:収斂感を感じる
2:収斂感をわずかに感じる
1:収斂感を感じない
[判定基準]
[評点の平均点] :[判定]
4.5点を超える : ◎
3.5点を超え4.5点以下 : ○
2点を超え3.5点以下 : △
2点以下 : ×
下記に示す組成及び製造方法で、水中油型乳液を調製した。
(組成) (%)
(1)クロルヒドロキシアルミニウム 2.0
(2)硫酸アルミニウムカリウム 0.4
(3)ポリオキシエチレン(26モル)グリセリン 5.0
(4)グルコシルトレハロース 1.0
(5)1,3−ブチレングリコール 3.5
(6)精製水 残 量
(7)グリセリン 5.0
(8)ポリエチレングリコール400 5.0
(9)クエン酸ナトリウム 2.0
(10)イソステアリン酸ポリオキシエチレン(50モル)硬化ヒマシ油 0.2
(11)ポリオキシエチレン(60モル)硬化ヒマシ油 1.0
(12)ジメチコン 注1 10.0
(13)スクワラン 1.0
(14)イソステアリン酸 0.05
(15)(ジメチコン/ビニルジメチコン)クロスポリマー 注2 0.5
(16)フェノキシエタノール 0.1
(17)ジプロピレングリコール 10.0
(18)精製水 5.0
(19)カルボキシビニルポリマー 注3 0.1
(20)水酸化ナトリウム 0.01
(21)エタノール 0.5
注1 KF−96−10CS(信越化学工業社製)
注2 シリコン KSG−16(信越化学工業社製)
注3 CARBOPOL 980(LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS社製)
A.成分(1)〜(11)を80℃に加温し、均一に混合する。
B.成分(12)〜(17)を80℃に加温して均一に混合し、Aに攪拌しながら添加後冷却する。
C.Bを攪拌しながら、加温して均一溶解した成分(18)〜(20)を添加する。
D.Cを攪拌しながら、成分(21)を添加し、水中油型乳液を得た。
下記に示す組成及び製造方法で、デオドラント剤を調製した。
(組成) (%)
(1)クロルヒドロキシアルミニウム 0.5
(2)硫酸アルミニウムアンモニウム 1.0
(3)ジプロピレングリコール 6.0
(4)1,3−ブチレングリコール 15.0
(5)リンゴ酸 0.3
(6)リンゴ酸ナトリウム 0.6
(7)水酸化カリウム 0.04
(8)精製水 残量
(9)フェノキシエタノール 0.05
(10)トコフェロール 0.1
(11)トリ2−エチルヘキサン酸グリセリル 0.1
(12)イソステアリン酸ポリオキシエチレン(50モル)水添ヒマシ油 0.05
(13)セスキオレイン酸ソルビタン 0.1
(14)イソプロピルメチルフェノール 0.05
(15)ハッカ油 0.1
A.成分(1)〜(9)を70℃に加温し、均一に溶解する。
B.成分(10)〜(15)を70℃に加温して均一に溶解し、Aに攪拌しながら添加する。
C.Bを攪拌しながら冷却し、デオドラント剤を得た。
Claims (4)
- 次の成分(A)〜(D);
(A)クロルヒドロキシアルミニウム
(B)ミョウバン
(C)ヒドロキシ酸
(D)水
を含有し、成分(A)と成分(B)の合計含有量と成分(C)の含有量の質量割合((A)+(B))/(C)が0.1〜1.5であって、成分(A)と成分(B)の含有質量割合(A)/(B)が0.2〜5である組成物。 - 25℃のpHが1.5〜6.5である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 成分(C)が乳酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸から選ばれる1種又は2種である、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 化粧料又は皮膚外用剤である、請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の組成物。
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