JP6787967B2 - 加湿および凝縮液管理用の微細構造を備える医療用部品 - Google Patents
加湿および凝縮液管理用の微細構造を備える医療用部品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6787967B2 JP6787967B2 JP2018192895A JP2018192895A JP6787967B2 JP 6787967 B2 JP6787967 B2 JP 6787967B2 JP 2018192895 A JP2018192895 A JP 2018192895A JP 2018192895 A JP2018192895 A JP 2018192895A JP 6787967 B2 JP6787967 B2 JP 6787967B2
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Classifications
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- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
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- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
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- A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
本出願は、2013年3月14日に出願された、「MEDICAL COMPONENTS WITH MICROSTRUCTURES FOR HUMIDIFICATION AND CONDENSATE MANAGEMENT」と題する米国仮特許出願第61/785,895号明細書、2013年6月25日に出願された、「MEDICAL COMPONENTS WITH MICROSTRUCTURES FOR HUMIDIFICATION AND CONDENSATE MANAGEMENT」と題する国際出願PCT/NZ2013/000113号明細書、および2013年12月23日に出願された、「MEDICAL COMPONENTS WITH MICROSTRUCTURES FOR HUMIDIFICATION AND CONDENSATE MANAGEMENT」と題する米国仮特許出願第61/920,423号明細書の利益を主張し、それらの各々は、全体として参照に本明細書に組み込まれる。
本開示をより詳細に理解するために、最初に図1を参照する。図1は、少なくとも1つの実施形態による医療用回路を示す。より詳細には、図1は、呼吸回路例を示す。こうした呼吸回路は、たとえば、持続、可変あるいは二段階気道陽圧(PAP)システムまたは他の形態の呼吸療法であり得る。後に説明するように、呼吸回路は、1本または複数本の医療用チューブ、加湿器および患者インタフェースを含む。医療用回路のこれらの部品および他の部品のうちの任意のものまたはすべてが、加湿および/または凝縮液管理用の微細構造を組み込むことができる。微細構造は、概して、1ミクロン(μm)〜1000μm(または約1μm〜約1000μm)の範囲のマイクロスケール寸法を有する構造として定義することができる。
図2は、少なくとも1つの実施形態による、医療用回路で使用するのに好適なチューブ201の斜視図を示す。図2に示すように、チューブ201を波形とすることができ、それにより、チューブの可撓性が有利に向上する。しかしながら、いくつかの実施形態では、チューブ201は、相対的に平滑な非波形壁を有することができる。
AL=H2(λ+tanφ)(すなわち、断面積)
であり、かつ、σは流体の表面張力を表し、μは流体の粘度を表し、ρは流体の密度を表し、θeは流体の接触角を表し、gは重力定数であり、残りの変数(Hおよびφ)は、図24Aに示すチャネル形状を表す。平衡高さに達するおよその時間は、以下のように表すことができる。
上述したように、チューブを、1種または複数種の押出ポリマー成分から作製することができる。(組成物、表面改質剤、表面エネルギーを増大させる方法を含む)押出成形品の特性は上述している。
加湿チャンバ壁等を含む、平面状表面に、サイズが5μmおよび30μmの範囲(または、約5μmおよび約30μmの範囲)である微細構造を形成することができる。本明細書で用いる平面状表面は、非管状面を広く指す。「平面状表面」という用語は、加湿チャンバおよびタービン型インペラブレードの壁等、湾曲面を包含する。「平面状表面」という用語はパドル型インペラブレード等、実質的に平坦な表面も包含する。
次に図30Aを参照すると、いくつかの実施形態は、微細構造3001を備えた可撓性平面シート3000を含む。本明細書に開示する微細構造のいずれも、こうしたシート3000と使用するのに適している。図30Aにおいて、微細構造3001は、上述したように、回転旋盤を用いて形成されたため、斜方向に示されている。
上述したように、いくつかの実施形態は、微細構造が、加湿チャンバにおいてガスの吸水を増大させることができるという認識を含む。微細構造は、水の蒸発に利用可能な加湿チャンバの表面積を増大させることができる。液体の水は、微細構造を通して吸い込まれ、微細構造の上を流れるガスが、水蒸気として水を吸収する。
図31〜図33を参照すると、(たとえば、図1に示すような)加湿器107に適合する加湿チャンバ3102は、好ましくは、熱伝導性材料(たとえば、アルミニウム)から構成される熱伝達基部3106に結合された加湿チャンバ本体3104を備えている。貯水器(図示せず)が、使用時に、液体の水を水入口3108から加湿チャンバ3102に供給する。加湿チャンバ3102は、加湿器107において加熱板131によって熱伝達基部3106を通して熱エネルギーが供給される結果として、液相および気相の両方の水を含む。加湿チャンバ3102、本明細書に開示した加湿チャンバ129と多くの点で同様であり得る。詳細には記載しない加湿チャンバ3102の特徴は、加湿チャンバ129の対応する特徴と同様であり得るか、または別の好適な配置であり得る。
図34〜図37を参照すると、ガイド壁3180の代りにまたはそれに加えて、加湿チャンバ3102は、微細構造のために利用可能な表面積を増大させかつ/または加湿チャンバ3102内の水の気相および液相の混合を容易にする他の構造を含むことができる。たとえば、いくつかの構成では、二次フロートをなくすことにより、加湿チャンバ3102内の水の気相および液相の混合を容易にする混合要素または構造3186のために、加湿チャンバ3102内に空間を提供する。図示する配置では、混合要素3186は、加湿チャンバ3102内でかつそれに対して回転可能なタービンである。代替配置では、タービンまたは他の混合構造3186は、二次フロートの一部を形成するかまたは他の方法で二次フロートに一体化されることが可能であり、かつ/または可動である代りに固定され得る。他の配置では、上述したように、たとえばかつ限定なしに、フロート制御弁およびセンサ/アクチュエータ制御弁を含む、二重弁装置3110のためのあらゆるタイプまたは組合せの弁作動装置を使用することができる。固定混合構造3186を、加湿チャンバ3102の底面に支持することができ、または、たとえば加湿チャンバ本体3104の上壁から下方に延在する等、加湿チャンバ本体3104によって支持するかまたはそれと一体的にすることができる。
患者インタフェース設計の設計において、凝縮液管理は重要な問題である。したがって、いくつかの実施形態は、限定されないが、マスク(気管マスク、フェイスマスクおよび鼻マスク)、カニューレおよび鼻ピローを含む患者インタフェースに微細構造を組み込むことができるという認識を含む。
Claims (35)
- 医療用回路で使用される部品であって、
使用時に液体と接触する第1領域と、
前記第1領域とは別個の第2領域と、
前記第1領域および前記第2領域と連通し、使用時に前記第1領域から前記第2領域に液体を吸い込むように構成された微細構造化面と、を具備し、
前記微細構造化面が、各々が、表面から突出しかつ間に第1チャネルを画定する、同様の寸法を有する第1隆起および第2隆起を含む、略逆台形状構造を備え、
前記第1隆起の頂部と前記第2隆起の頂部との間の寸法が、2.3mm未満である、部品。 - 前記部品が、加湿チャンバである、請求項1に記載の部品。
- 前記微細構造化面が、平衡接触角がπ/2ラジアン未満である基板を備える、請求項1または2に記載の部品。
- 前記第2領域が、使用時、相対的に高速の空気にさらされ、前記第1領域が、使用時、相対的に低速の空気にさらされる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
- 前記第2領域が、熱源と連通するように構成される、請求項4に記載の部品。
- 前記微細構造化面が、熱源と連通するように構成される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
- 前記微細構造化面が、略平行マイクロチャネルを備える、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
- 前記第1隆起および前記第2隆起の高さが、30μmおよび200μmの範囲内である、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
- 前記略逆台形状構造が、前記第1チャネル内のかつ前記第1隆起に隣接する第2チャネルと、前記第1チャネル内のかつ前記第2隆起に隣接する第3チャネルとを備え、前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルが、同様の寸法を有し、かつ前記第1チャネルから凹陥している、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
- 前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルの深さが、5μmおよび10μmの範囲内である、請求項9に記載の部品。
- 前記第1チャネルの高さが、前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルの深さの2倍および5倍の範囲内である、請求項9または10に記載の部品。
- 前記第1チャネルの高さが、前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルの深さの2倍および3倍の範囲内である、請求項11に記載の部品。
- 前記第1チャネルの高さが、前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルの深さの3倍および5倍の範囲内である、請求項11に記載の部品。
- 前記略逆台形状構造に対する臨界接触角θが、式
- 前記微細構造化面が設けられた平面シートをさらに具備する、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
- 前記平面シートが、前記部品に接着される、請求項15に記載の部品。
- 前記平面シートが、可撓性である、請求項15または16に記載の部品。
- 前記平面シートが、熱伝導性材料を備える、請求項15〜17のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
- 前記第1隆起の頂部と前記第2隆起の頂部との間の前記寸法が、1μm〜1000μmの範囲内である、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
- 請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の部品を具備するマスク。
- 第2領域と連通するドレンをさらに具備する、請求項20に記載のマスク。
- 請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の部品を具備する導管。
- 前記部品が、前記導管の内壁の少なくとも一部を形成する、請求項22に記載の導管。
- 前記部品が、前記導管の内腔内の挿入物である、請求項22に記載の導管。
- 前記導管の壁が、熱源と連通するように構成される、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項に記載の導管。
- 加湿ガスと使用する医療用回路部品であって、
内部に空間を画定する壁であって、前記壁の少なくとも一部が、複数の微細構造を含む表面を備え、前記微細構造が、使用時に、液体の水を保持する第1領域から、患者へのまたは患者からの空気流にさらされる第2領域まで液体を吸い込むように構成されている、壁を具備し、
前記微細構造が、各々が、前記表面から突出しかつ間に第1チャネルを画定する、同様の寸法を有する第1隆起および第2隆起を含む、略逆台形状構造であり、
前記第1隆起の頂部と前記第2隆起の頂部との間の寸法が、2.3mm未満である、部品。 - 前記表面が、平衡接触角がπ/2ラジアン未満である外側面を有する基板を備える、請求項26に記載の部品。
- 前記第1隆起および前記第2隆起の高さが、30μmおよび40μmの範囲内である、請求項26または27に記載の部品。
- 前記略逆台形状構造が、前記第1チャネル内のかつ前記第1隆起に隣接する第2チャネルと、前記第1チャネル内のかつ前記第2隆起に隣接する第3チャネルとを備え、前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルが、同様の寸法を有し、かつ前記第1チャネルから凹陥している、請求項26〜28のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
- 前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルの深さが、5μmおよび10μmの範囲内である、請求項29に記載の部品。
- 前記第1チャネルの高さが、前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルの深さの2倍および5倍の範囲内である、請求項29または30に記載の部品。
- 前記第1チャネルの高さが、前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルの深さの2倍および3倍の範囲内である、請求項31に記載の部品。
- 前記第1チャネルの高さが、前記第2チャネルおよび前記第3チャネルの深さの3倍および5倍の範囲内である、請求項31に記載の部品。
- 前記略逆台形状構造に対する臨界接触角θが、式
- 前記第1隆起の頂部と前記第2隆起の頂部との間の前記寸法が、1μm〜1000μmの範囲内である、請求項26〜34のいずれか一項に記載の部品。
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