JP6778887B2 - 三次元形状造形物の製造方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 36
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/227—Driving means
- B29C64/232—Driving means for motion along the axis orthogonal to the plane of a layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B22F12/37—Rotatable
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/007—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of moulds
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/30—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Description
(i)粉末層の所定箇所に光ビームを照射し、かかる所定箇所の粉末を焼結又は溶融固化させて固化層を形成する工程。
(ii)得られた固化層の上に新たな粉末層を形成し、同様に光ビームを照射して更なる固化層を形成する工程。
光ビーム照射によって複数の固化層を逐次形成して、内部に中空領域を備えた三次元形状造形物を製造するための方法であって、
固化層は、原料の供給時に光ビーム照射を行い、供給された原料を焼結又は溶融固化させることによって形成しており、
後続する固化層を形成するための土台として用いる土台固化部を三次元形状造形物の一部として形成し、および
後続する固化層の形成に先立って、土台固化部の向きを変える、三次元形状造形物の製造方法が提供される。
以下、本発明の一態様で用いるLMD(Laser Metal Deposition, レーザーメタルデポジション)法について説明する。LMD法とは、例えば造形プレート上にて原料の供給と光ビーム照射とを実質的に同時に行って固化層を形成する方法である。LMD法は、固化層の形状精度が比較的低くくなる一方、固化層形成のための時間を比較的短くできるという特徴を有する。
本願発明者らは、図8に示すように土台となる固化層24’が最直下に存在しない領域50’(図8の斜線部分に相当)では、原料19’の供給と光ビームL’の照射を行って新たな固化層を形成することは物理的に困難であることを見出した。新たな固化層の形成が物理的に困難な領域が存在すると、それに起因して、最終的に内部に中空領域を備えた三次元形状造形物を好適に形成することはできない。そこで、本願発明者らはかかる技術的課題を解決するために鋭意検討し、本発明の一態様に係る製造方法を案出するに至った。
第1態様: 光ビーム照射によって複数の固化層を逐次形成して、内部に中空領域を備えた三次元形状造形物を製造するための方法であって、
前記固化層を、原料の供給時に前記光ビーム照射を行い、供給された該原料を焼結又は溶融固化させることによって形成し、
後続する前記固化層を形成するための土台として用いる土台固化部を前記三次元形状造形物の一部として形成し、および
前記後続する前記固化層の形成に先立って、前記土台固化部の向きを変える、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第2態様: 上記第1態様において、前記土台固化部の側部に対して前記後続する前記固化層が積層されるように前記土台固化部の前記向きを変える、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第3態様: 上記第1態様または第2態様において、前記中空領域を成す壁面の一部分を形作った後、前記土台固化部の前記向きを変える、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第4態様: 上記第3態様において、前記土台固化部の前記向きを変えた後に、前記中空領域を成す前記壁面の残りの部分を形作るように前記後続する前記固化層を形成する、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第5態様:上記第2態様〜第4態様のいずれかにおいて、前記土台固化部の一方の前記側部と該一方の該側部に対向する他方の側部の両方に前記後続する前記固化層を形成する、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第6態様:上記第1態様〜第5態様のいずれかにおいて、回転自在なベース部材を用い、該ベース部材を回転させることを通じて、該ベース部材の両主面に対して前記土台固化部を含む前記三次元形状造形物を製造する、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第7態様:上記第1態様〜第6態様のいずれかにおいて、前記土台固化部を複数形成することを含み、
前記複数の前記土台固化部の各々を前記土台として前記後続する前記固化層を形成する、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第8態様:上記第1態様〜第7態様のいずれかにおいて、前記原料として粉末および/または溶加材を用いる、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
Claims (6)
- 光ビーム照射によって複数の固化層を逐次形成して、内部に中空領域を備えた三次元形状造形物を製造するための方法であって、
前記固化層を、原料の供給時に前記光ビーム照射を行い、供給された該原料を焼結又は溶融固化させることによって形成し、
後続する前記固化層を形成するための土台として用いる土台固化部を前記三次元形状造形物の一部として形成し、および
前記後続する前記固化層の形成に先立って、前記土台固化部の向きを変えており、
前記原料としては、金属粉末および/または金属溶加材を用い、
前記土台固化部が段差部を成しており、該段差部を成す前記土台固化部の向きを変えた後に該土台固化部の当初の側面において前記後続する前記固化層を形成する、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。 - 前記中空領域を成す壁面の一部分を形作った後、前記土台固化部の前記向きを変える、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記土台固化部の前記向きを変えた後に、前記中空領域を成す前記壁面の残りの部分を形作るように前記後続する前記固化層を形成する、請求項2に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記土台固化部の一方の前記側部と該一方の該側部に対向する他方の側部の両方に前記後続する前記固化層を形成する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 回転自在なベース部材を用い、該ベース部材を回転させることを通じて、該ベース部材の両主面に対して前記土台固化部を含む前記三次元形状造形物を製造する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記土台固化部を複数形成することを含み、
前記複数の前記土台固化部の各々を前記土台として前記後続する前記固化層を形成する、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
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EP1911568B1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2013-06-05 | Shofu Inc. | Apparatus for forming layered object |
DE102011106614A1 (de) | 2011-06-16 | 2014-03-06 | Arburg Gmbh + Co Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Gegenstandes |
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