JP6757331B2 - 熱硬化発泡体及び製造方法 - Google Patents
熱硬化発泡体及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6757331B2 JP6757331B2 JP2017555620A JP2017555620A JP6757331B2 JP 6757331 B2 JP6757331 B2 JP 6757331B2 JP 2017555620 A JP2017555620 A JP 2017555620A JP 2017555620 A JP2017555620 A JP 2017555620A JP 6757331 B2 JP6757331 B2 JP 6757331B2
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- acid
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- expandable
- foam
- thermosetting
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- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008259 solid foam Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018287 SbF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylfurfural Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C(=O)C1=O MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013736 caramel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940077731 carbohydrate nutrients Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005991 chloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- QNDPUZFBWUBSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-I magic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O.F[Sb](F)(F)(F)F QNDPUZFBWUBSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010094 polymer processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 transition metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/02—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by the reacting monomers or modifying agents during the preparation or modification of macromolecules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/02—CO2-releasing, e.g. NaHCO3 and citric acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/10—Water or water-releasing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/042—Nanopores, i.e. the average diameter being smaller than 0,1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2399/00—Characterised by the use of natural macromolecular compounds or of derivatives thereof not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 - C08J2307/00 or C08J2389/00 - C08J2397/00
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
‐糖類、及び
‐強酸、リン酸及び酸性無機塩から選ばれる酸触媒。
(a)以下を含有する膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を提供すること:
‐糖類、
‐強酸、リン酸及び酸性無機塩から選ばれる酸触媒、
(b)1mm以上の厚みを有するフィルムとして、支持体に膨張性組成物を適用すること、又は膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を型に導入すること、
(c)膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を、140℃以上の温度にまで加熱して、それにより、固体熱硬化発泡体のブロックを形成すること。
[無機塩]
グルコース一水和物の粉末に酸触媒(酸性無機塩)の水溶液を加えることによって、数種の膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を調製する。粉末を分散させるために、周囲温度で混合物をかき混ぜる。
評価尺度:
‐:0.5cm未満
+:0.5〜1cm
++:1.1〜2cm
+++:2.1〜3cm
++++:3.1〜4cm
+++++:4cmを超える
[強酸及びリン酸]
グルコース一水和物の粉末9gに、表2a及び表2bに示す濃度を有する酸触媒(強酸又はリン酸)の水溶液6mlを加えることによって、数種の膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を調製する。混合物内で粉末を分散させるために、周囲温度で混合物をかき混ぜる。
本発明の態様として、以下の態様を挙げることができる:
《態様1》
以下の段階を順に含む、固体熱硬化発泡体の製造方法:
(a)以下を含む膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を提供すること:
‐糖類、
‐強酸、リン酸及び酸性無機塩から選ばれる酸触媒、ここで前記強酸の濃度は、0.1N以上であり、前記リン酸の濃度は、0.1mol/l以上であり、かつ前記酸性無機塩の濃度は、前記組成物のpHが3以下となるような濃度であり、前記酸性無機塩は、アルミニウム、ガリウム、銅、亜鉛、銀、ニッケル、鉄及び鉛の硫酸塩、硝酸塩、塩化物並びに臭化物から選ばれる、
(b)1mm以上の厚みを有するフィルムとして、前記膨張性組成物を支持体に適用すること、又は前記膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を型へ導入すること、
(c)前記膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を140℃以上の温度に加熱して、固体熱硬化発泡体のブロックを形成すること。
《態様2》
前記酸触媒を、強酸及びリン酸によって構成される群から選ぶ場合に、酸/糖類のモル比は、1/6未満、好ましくは1/40〜1/8、特には1/35〜1/9、理想的には1/34〜1/10であることを特徴とする、態様1に記載の方法。
《態様3》
前記フィルムの前記厚みは、2mm以上、好ましくは5mm以上、特には10mm以上であることを特徴とする、態様1又は2のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
《態様4》
固体熱硬化発泡体の前記ブロックは、スラブであることを特徴とする、態様1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
《態様5》
前記膨張性組成物は、60重量%以下、好ましくは25重量%以下、より好ましくは15重量%以下、特には5重量%以下の水を含むことを特徴とする、態様1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
《態様6》
前記糖類は、前記膨張性組成物の乾燥重量の70%以上、好ましくは80%以上、特には90%以上に相当することを特徴とする、態様1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
《態様7》
前記糖類は、還元糖及び非還元糖から選ばれ、好ましくは還元糖から選ばれることを特徴とする、態様1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
《態様8》
前記糖類は、グルコース及びデンプン加水分解物から選ばれる還元糖であることを特徴とする、態様7に記載の方法。
《態様9》
前記強酸の濃度は、0.1〜1.5N、好ましくは0.15〜1.2N、特には0.2〜1.0Nであることを特徴とする、態様1に記載の方法。
《態様10》
前記膨張性組成物は、前記膨張性組成物の全体の乾燥重量に対して、20重量%以下、好ましくは10重量%以下の、一種以上の無機又は有機フィラーをさらに含むことを特徴とする、態様1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
《態様11》
態様1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって得ることができる、固体発泡体。
《態様12》
前記固体発泡体は、30〜60kg/m 3 の密度を示すことを特徴とする、態様11に記載の固体発泡体。
《態様13》
前記固体発泡体は、閉気孔性を示すことを特徴とする、態様11又は12のいずれか一項に記載の固体発泡体。
《態様14》
X線断層撮影法によって決定される気孔の平均直径は、100〜800nmであることを特徴とする、態様11〜13のいずれか一項に記載の固体発泡体。
《態様15》
以下を含有する組成物の、発泡体タイプの絶縁性製品を製造するための膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物としての、使用:
‐糖類、
‐強酸、リン酸及び酸性無機塩から選ばれる、酸触媒。
Claims (13)
- 以下の段階を順に含む、固体熱硬化発泡体の製造方法:
(a)以下を含む膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を提供すること:
‐糖類、
‐強酸、リン酸及び酸性無機塩から選ばれる酸触媒、ここで前記強酸の濃度は、0.1N以上であり、前記リン酸の濃度は、0.1mol/l以上であり、かつ前記酸性無機塩の濃度は、前記組成物のpHが3以下となるような濃度であり、前記酸性無機塩は、アルミニウム、ガリウム、銅、亜鉛、銀、ニッケル、鉄及び鉛の硫酸塩、硝酸塩、塩化物並びに臭化物から選ばれる、
(b)1mm以上の厚みを有するフィルムとして、前記膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を支持体に適用すること、又は前記膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を型へ導入すること、
(c)前記膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物を140℃以上の温度に加熱して、固体熱硬化発泡体のブロックを形成すること。 - 前記酸触媒を、強酸及びリン酸によって構成される群から選ぶ場合に、酸/糖類のモル比は、1/6未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フィルムの前記厚みは、2mm以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 固体熱硬化発泡体の前記ブロックは、スラブであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物は、60重量%以下の水を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記糖類は、前記膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物の乾燥重量の70%以上に相当することを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記糖類は、還元糖及び非還元糖から選ばれることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記糖類は、グルコース及びデンプン加水分解物から選ばれる還元糖であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記強酸の濃度は、0.1〜1.5Nであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物は、前記膨張性及び熱硬化性組成物の全体の乾燥重量に対して、20重量%以下の、一種以上の無機又は有機フィラーをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 得られる前記固体発泡体は、30〜60kg/m3の密度を示すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 得られる前記固体発泡体は、閉気孔性を示すことを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 得られる前記固体発泡体のX線断層撮影法によって決定される気孔の平均直径は、100〜800nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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