JP6745828B2 - 酸素濃縮器システムおよび方法 - Google Patents
酸素濃縮器システムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6745828B2 JP6745828B2 JP2018037506A JP2018037506A JP6745828B2 JP 6745828 B2 JP6745828 B2 JP 6745828B2 JP 2018037506 A JP2018037506 A JP 2018037506A JP 2018037506 A JP2018037506 A JP 2018037506A JP 6745828 B2 JP6745828 B2 JP 6745828B2
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- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- canister
- oxygen concentrator
- pressure
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
酸素濃縮器システム100は、少なくとも2つのキャニスタを含み得、各キャニスタは、ガス分離吸着剤を含む。酸素濃縮器システム100のキャニスタは、成形されたハウジングに配置され得る。ある実施形態では、図4に示されるように、キャニスタシステム300は、2つのハウジング部品310および510を含む。ハウジング部品310および510は、別個に形成された後、共に連結され得る。一部の実施形態では、ハウジング部品310および510は、射出成形または圧縮成形され得る。ハウジング部品310および510は、ポリカーボネート、メチレンカーバイド、ポリスチレン、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン(ABS)、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、またはポリ塩化ビニルなどの熱可塑性ポリマーから作られ得る。別の実施形態では、ハウジング部品310および510は、熱硬化性プラスチックまたは金属(ステンレススチールまたは軽量アルミニウム合金など)から作られ得る。軽量素材は、酸素濃縮器100の重量を減らすために使用され得る。一部の実施形態では、2つのハウジング310および510は、ねじまたはボルトを使用して、一緒に固定され得る。あるいは、ハウジング部品310および510は、一緒に溶剤接着され得る。
酸素濃縮器システム100の操作は、本明細書に記載されるように、酸素濃縮器システムの様々な部品に連結された内部コントローラ400を用いて自動的に行われ得る。図1に示されるように、コントローラ400は、1つまたは2つ以上のプロセッサ410と内部メモリ420とを含む。酸素濃縮器システム100を操作および監視するために使用される方法は、メモリ420またはコントローラ400に連結された記憶媒体に記憶したプログラム命令によって実装されて、1つまたは2つ以上のプロセッサ410によって実行され得る。非一時的メモリ媒体は、様々なタイプのメモリ装置または記憶装置のどれでも含み得る。「メモリ媒体」の語は、インストール用媒体、例えば、読み取り専用コンパクトディスクメモリ(CD−ROM)、フロッピー(登録商標)ディスク、またはテープ装置、ダイナミックランダムアクセスメモリ(DRAM)、ダブルデータレートランダムアクセスメモリ(DDR RAM(登録商標))、スタティックランダムアクセスメモリ(SRAM)、エクステンデッドデータアウトランダムアクセスメモリ(EDO RAM)、ラムバスランダムアクセスメモリ(RAM)などのコンピュータシステムメモリまたはランダムアクセスメモリ、あるいは磁気媒体、例えばハードドライブ、または光記憶装置などの不揮発性メモリを含むとして意図されている。メモリ媒体は、同様にその他のタイプのメモリ、またはそれらの組み合わせを備え得る。加えて、メモリ媒体は、プログラムが実行される第1のコンピュータ内に搭載され得る、あるいは第1のコンピュータにインターネットなどのネットワークを介して繋がる第2の異なるコンピュータ内に搭載され得る。後者の場合、第2のコンピュータは、プログラム命令を実行用として第1のコンピュータに提供し得る。「メモリ媒体」の語は、異なる場所に、例えば、ネットワークで接続された異なるコンピュータに存在し得る2つまたは3つ以上のメモリ媒体を含む。
酸素濃縮器システムの主な用途は、酸素補給をユーザに供給することである。一般に、供給される酸素補給量は、医師によって評価される。酸素補給の典型的な処方量は、約1LPMから約10LPMまでの範囲であり得る。最も一般的な処方量は、1LPM、2LPM、3LPM、および4LPMである。一般に、酸素富化ガスは、ユーザの処方要件を満たすように、呼吸サイクル中にユーザに供給される。本明細書で使用される場合、「呼吸サイクル」の語は、後に呼気が続く、人間の吸気を指す。
ある実施形態では、ボーラス投与量プロファイルが特定のユーザのプロファイルと調和するように設計され得る。そうするために、吸気プロファイルが、圧力センサ194および流量センサ185から集めた情報に基づいて生成され得る。吸気プロファイルは、以下のパラメータ、すなわち、ユーザの呼吸数、ユーザの吸気量、ユーザの呼気量、ユーザの吸気流量、およびユーザの呼気流量のうちの1つまたは2つ以上に基づいて評価され得る。ユーザの呼吸数は、先述のように、圧力センサ194または流量センサ185を用いて吸気の開始を検出することによって評価され得る。吸気量は、吸気中の圧力変化を測定して、圧力変化に基づいて吸気量を算出また経験的に評価することによって評価され得る。あるいは、吸気量は、吸気中の流量を測定して、吸気の流量および長さに基づいて吸気量を算出または経験的に評価することによって評価され得る。呼気量は、呼気中の正方向の圧力変化、または流量および呼気時間のいずれかを用いて同様に評価され得る。ユーザの吸気流量は、吸気の開始直後から測定される。吸気の終了の検出は、圧力センサまたは流量センサに基づき得る。吸気の開始が圧力センサによって検出される場合、開始は、圧力降下によって特徴付けられる。圧力が上昇し始めると、吸気が完了したとみなされる。吸気の開始が流量センサによって検出される場合、開始は、流量の増加によって特徴付けられる。流量が減少し始めると、吸気が完了したとみなされる。
酸素濃縮器システムの作動のための電力は、内部電源180によって供給される。内部電源を有することにより、酸素濃縮器システムの携帯使用が可能となる。一実施形態では、内部電源180には、リチウムイオンバッテリが含まれる。リチウムイオンバッテリは、その他の充電式バッテリに対して、多くのその他のバッテリよりも重量あたりで提供できる電力が多いという利点を提供する。
ガス分離吸着剤を使用する場合、酸素以外の分子のガス分離吸着剤上への吸着によって、酸素が空気から分離される。吸着プロセスは、ガス分離吸着剤の選択によって、および/またはガス分離吸着剤を収容するキャニスタの設計によって、強化され得る。酸素濃縮器装置100は、ガス分離吸着剤を収容するキャニスタを含み得、キャニスタは、気体定常流(気体層流)または実質的な気体定常流を生成するように設計されている。キャニスタは、キャニスタの第1の端部の直径がキャニスタの第2の端部の直径よりも大きい、細長いチューブ(例えば、円筒状の)であり得る。例えば、キャニスタは、キャニスタの出口端部で外向きにテーパを付けられ得る。このようなキャニスタ設計は、ガス分離吸着剤(例えば、ゼオライト)で充填された場合、レイノルズ数の範囲が約10から約20または約10から約18であるガス流を生成し得る。図10は、テーパ付きのキャニスタの実施形態を示している。キャニスタ600は、第1の端部602と第2の端部604とを含み得る。図示のように、第1の端部602は、第2の端部604よりも大きい直径を有する。キャニスタ600の側壁は、第1の端部602を第2の端部604に面して形成する。
酸素濃縮器のキャニスタのサイズに起因して、ガス分離吸着剤の量は少ないが、適量の生成ガスを生成できる。ガス分離吸着剤は、特定の酸素濃縮器(例えば、キャニスタ)に関して最大性能に最適化されているため、ガス分離吸着剤のいかなる著しい経時的な能力低下も製品純度を低下させる。床の能力の低下をもたらし得る1つの要因は、不純物の吸着であり、不純物は、通常のプロセス運転中に完全に脱着せずに、ガス分離吸着剤において不純物の集積および滞留につながる。空気の分離で用いられる多くのゼオライトの吸着能力を低下させるこのような不純物の例には、水がある。
酸素濃縮器システムの使用中には、装置の温度を上昇させ得る多くの熱源が存在している。酸素濃縮器システムの温度が上昇すると、部品は、動作効率が悪くなり始める。最終的には、酸素濃縮器システムが熱くなり過ぎると、一部の部品は、回復不能な損傷を受け、システムを再稼働させるのに大規模な修理を要することもある。一実施形態では、1つまたは2つ以上の温度センサが、酸素濃縮器システムの本体の中に配置される。温度センサは、システムの内部温度を監視する酸素濃縮器システムのコントローラに連結され得る。感知された酸素濃縮器システムの内部温度が、既定の閾値を超えた場合、コントローラは、システムの温度が既定の温度未満に降下するまでシステムをシャットダウンさせる信号を提供し得る。例えば、コントローラは、酸素濃縮器システムの内部温度が60℃を超えた場合に、シャットダウンシーケンスを開始し得る。酸素濃縮器システムは、システムの内部温度が55℃未満に降下するまでシャットダウン状態に保たれてもよい。
診断の目的のために、システムによって生成される酸素富化ガスの放出を始動することによって酸素濃縮器システムの動作を確認することが望ましいこともある。通常の動作中、酸素富化ガスの放出は、感知されたユーザの吸気によって始動される。診断試験では、放出されるガスの純度および量の精度を試験するために、酸素濃縮器システムによって生成される酸素富化ガスの放出を始動することができるのが望ましい。一実施形態では、自動パルスモードが、酸素濃縮器システムのコントローラ内にプログラムされ得る。自動パルスモードは、ユーザの吸気を検出する必要なしに、酸素濃縮器システムによって生成された酸素富化ガスを放出するために使用され得る。自動パルスモードでは、コントローラは、酸素濃縮器システムに信号を提供して、既定のレートで酸素富化ガスを放出する。例えば、自動パルスモードでは、コントローラは、10bpm、15bpm、20bpm、25bpm、および30bpmの呼吸数に対応する酸素富化ガスのパルスを生成し得る。その他の呼吸数もまた自動パルスモードで想定され得る。このようにして、部品の動作は、装置が正常に機能しているか確認するために評価され得る。
携帯用酸素濃縮器、定置式酸素濃縮器、またはハイブリッド酸素濃縮器が使用されていない場合(例えば、装置がオフにされた、出荷中である、保管されているなどの場合)、ガス分離吸着剤は、悪影響を受ける、および/または失活し、ひいては、装置(ガス分離吸着剤)の寿命が影響を受けることもある。例えば、酸素濃縮器がオフにされると、キャニスタ内の圧力は放出される。湿った空気がキャニスタ内に引き込まれて、ガス分離吸着剤によって吸収される。例えば、装置が長期間オフにされた場合、装置は、平均故障間隔の最大50%を失うこともある。酸素濃縮器が「未使用時」である時に、装置および/またはガス分離吸着剤の調子を整えることは、装置の寿命を延ばし得る。一部の実施形態では、ガス分離吸着剤を収容するキャニスタは、ガス分離吸着剤またはガス分離吸着剤を収容するキャニスタを加圧下で保管することによって調整され得る。例えば、キャニスタは、約5psiから約10psi超までの範囲にある圧力で加圧および保管され得る。
一部の実施形態では、ガス分離吸着剤の寿命は、圧縮器の動作を調整することによって延ばされ得る。使用中、酸素濃縮器システムのガス分離吸着剤は、吸着剤と接触した空気から湿気を捕捉する。空気中の湿気は、ガス分離吸着剤が空気から除去できる窒素量を減らす。装置が85%超の純度の酸素富化ガスを生成しなくなった場合、ガス分離吸着剤は、一般に、交換が必要である。ある実施形態では、酸素濃縮器システムのコントローラは、酸素純度を監視し、時間と共にそれが低くなると、圧縮器システムは、高圧の圧縮空気をキャニスタに供給するように調整される。概して、ガス分離吸着剤は、キャニスタ内部の圧力が上昇すると、より多くの窒素を吸着する。圧縮器をより高速で動作することによって、キャニスタ内部の圧力が上昇し、より高純度の酸素富化ガスをもたらす。圧縮器を高速で動作すると、バッテリ駆動式酸素濃度システムの稼働時間が低減するが、ユーザが、吸着剤を交換するまでガス分離吸着剤の寿命を延ばすのを可能にする。酸素センサ(先述)は、酸素富化ガスの純度を評価するために使用され、またコントローラは、圧縮器の動作速度を変えて、ガス分離吸着剤の使用可能寿命を延ばし得る。
Claims (10)
- 酸素富化ガスをユーザに供給する酸素濃縮器であって、前記酸素濃縮器は、少なくとも2つのキャニスタと、前記少なくとも2つのキャニスタ内に配置されるガス分離吸着剤と、圧縮システムとおよびプロセッサとを備え、
前記ガス分離吸着剤が、前記キャニスタ内の空気から少なくともいくらかの窒素を分離して、酸素富化ガスを生成し、
前記圧縮システムが、前記少なくとも2つのキャニスタと連結した少なくとも1つの圧縮器を備え、かつ
前記プロセッサが、プログラム命令を実行するように動作可能であって、前記プログラム命令が、下記のステップを実行するように動作可能である:
前記酸素濃縮器の動作状態を評価する工程と;
前記酸素濃縮器がオフ状態にある場合には、前記酸素濃縮器の前記キャニスタの少なくとも1つの圧力を監視する工程と;および
前記酸素濃縮器がオフ状態にある場合には、少なくとも1つの前記キャニスタの監視された圧力に基づき、所定の圧力まで前記キャニスタの少なくとも1つに対し十分な速度で前記圧縮器に圧力をかけるように作動する工程と、を実行する、
ことを特徴とする、酸素濃縮器。 - 前記酸素濃縮器がオフ状態にある場合に前記圧縮器を作動する前記工程は、前記キャニスタの少なくとも1つの監視された圧力が特定の圧力を下回った場合に実行される、請求項1に記載の酸素濃縮器。
- 前記特定の圧力が、大気圧よりも少なくとも1.1倍大きい圧力であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の酸素濃縮器。
- 前記特定の圧力が、5psi〜10psiの圧力範囲内であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の酸素濃縮器。
- 前記圧力システムによってキャニスタの少なくとも1つに方向付けをされた空気流から水を吸着するように構成される吸着剤材料をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の酸素濃縮器。
- 流入口マフラーが、前記吸着剤材料を備える前記酸素濃縮器の流入口に連結される、請求項5に記載の酸素濃縮器。
- 前記キャニスタの少なくとも1つの内部に配置される1つ以上の乾燥剤であって、前記乾燥剤が、前記圧縮システムにより少なくとも1つの前記キャニスタに方向付けされた空気流からの水を吸着することを特徴とする、乾燥剤をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の酸素濃縮器。
- 内部に1つ以上の乾燥剤を有する1つ以上の追加のキャニスタであって、前記1つ以上の乾燥剤は、前記圧縮器により少なくとも2つの前記キャニスタに方向付けされた空気流からの水を吸着することを特徴とする追加のキャニスタをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の酸素濃縮器。
- 少なくとも1つの前記キャニスタの対向面と連結する少なくとも2つの電極と;および
前記電極のうち少なくとも1つと連結する電力供給装置であって、前記電力供給装置が、前記電極の少なくとも1つを電気的に励起して、前記電極間に電流を流し、かつ前記2つの電極間の気体をイオン化ガスにすることを特徴とする電力供給装置と、
をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の酸素濃縮器。 - 前記少なくとも2つの電極と連結した少なくとも1つの前記キャニスタ内に前記ガス分離吸着剤が配置され、前記ガス分離吸着剤から水を除去する際に、前記イオン化ガスが水の除去を補助することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の酸素濃縮器。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261713254P | 2012-10-12 | 2012-10-12 | |
US61/713,254 | 2012-10-12 | ||
US201361804369P | 2013-03-22 | 2013-03-22 | |
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- 2013-10-14 US US14/053,029 patent/US20140137744A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-14 AU AU2013328916A patent/AU2013328916A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-14 BR BR112015008209A patent/BR112015008209A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-10-14 EP EP18191040.7A patent/EP3578220B1/en active Active
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- 2013-10-14 WO PCT/US2013/064823 patent/WO2014059409A1/en active Application Filing
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2015
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EP4249104A2 (en) | 2023-09-27 |
EP2906280A4 (en) | 2017-05-31 |
EP2906280A1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
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JP2015531310A (ja) | 2015-11-02 |
JP2020189120A (ja) | 2020-11-26 |
US9782557B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
US20150335849A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
JP7086146B2 (ja) | 2022-06-17 |
WO2014059409A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
BR112015008209A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
EP3578220B1 (en) | 2023-05-24 |
AU2013328916A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
IL238205A0 (en) | 2015-05-31 |
EP2906280B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
AU2018203024A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
JP2018122112A (ja) | 2018-08-09 |
EP4249104A3 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
NZ707260A (en) | 2017-12-22 |
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