JP6730668B2 - 車両の走行駆動装置 - Google Patents
車両の走行駆動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6730668B2 JP6730668B2 JP2016068413A JP2016068413A JP6730668B2 JP 6730668 B2 JP6730668 B2 JP 6730668B2 JP 2016068413 A JP2016068413 A JP 2016068413A JP 2016068413 A JP2016068413 A JP 2016068413A JP 6730668 B2 JP6730668 B2 JP 6730668B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/354—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having separate mechanical assemblies for transmitting drive to the front or to the rear wheels or set of wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/448—Electrical distribution type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K2001/001—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units one motor mounted on a propulsion axle for rotating right and left wheels of this axle
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- B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S903/915—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
- Y10S903/916—Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev with plurality of drive axles
Description
更に、電圧を昇圧する変圧装置を備え、車載バッテリから出力した電圧を昇圧装置によって昇圧して電動モータを駆動する車両が提案されている。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態の車両の走行駆動装置1の概略構成図である。
図1に示すように、本発明の一実施形態の走行駆動装置1を備えた車両は、前輪2(第1の走行駆動輪)を駆動する電動のフロントモータ3(第1の電動機)、後輪4(第2の走行駆動輪)を駆動する電動のリアモータ5(第2の電動機)、エンジン6(内燃機関)、発電機7、バッテリ8を備えた四輪駆動のハイブリッド車である。
また、車両には、フロントモータ3への電力供給を制御するインバータ12と、リアモータ5への電力供給を制御するインバータ13と、発電機7の出力を制御するインバータ14とを備えている。
フロントモータ3は、昇圧コンバータ15、インバータ12を介してバッテリ8から電力を供給されて駆動するとともに、発電機7からインバータ14、インバータ12を介して電力を供給されて駆動可能であり、フロントトランスアクスル16を介して前輪2を駆動する。
発電機7によって発電されインバータ14から出力した電力は、昇圧コンバータ15を介してバッテリ8を充電可能であるとともに、インバータ12を介してフロントモータ3に、また昇圧コンバータ15及びインバータ13を介してリアモータ5に電力を供給可能である。
バッテリ8は、リチウムイオン電池等の二次電池で構成され、複数の電池セルをまとめて構成された図示しない電池モジュールを有している。
インバータ12、インバータ13、インバータ14、昇圧コンバータ15は、車両に搭載されたハイブリッドコントロールユニット20からの制御信号によって作動制御される。ハイブリッドコントロールユニット20は、バッテリから供給される電力と発電機で発電された電力とをフロントモータ及びリアモータに分配する電力分配手段を含む。
また、車両には、前輪2の単位時間当たりの回転数を検出する前輪回転数センサ22、後輪4の単位時間当たりの回転数を検出する後輪回転数センサ23、アクセル操作量を検出するアクセルセンサ24、ブレーキ操作量を検出するブレーキセンサ25、車両の前後加速度及び横加速度を検出するGセンサ26、ステアリング操舵角を検出する舵角センサ27、エンジン6の駆動制御を行うエンジンコントロールユニット30が備えられている。
ハイブリッドコントロールユニット20は、車両の総合的な制御を行うための制御装置であり、入出力装置、記憶装置(ROM、RAM、不揮発性RAM等)、中央演算処理装置(CPU)及びタイマ等を含んで構成される。
一方、ハイブリッドコントロールユニット20の出力側には、各インバータ12〜14、エンジンコントロールユニット30、クラッチ11が接続されている。
EVモード及びシリーズモードでは、クラッチ11が切断される。EVモードでは、エンジン6が停止し、バッテリ8からの電力によってフロントモータ3及びリアモータ5を駆動する。シリーズモード(第1の走行モード)では、エンジン6を作動して発電機7により発電させ、フロントモータ3、リアモータ5に電力を供給して駆動する。
図2に示すように、ハイブリッドコントロールユニット20は、昇圧最大入出力制限演算部40、モータトルク制限演算部41、駆動トルク演算部42、モータトルク演算部43、発電電力制限演算部44、発電電力演算部45、発電機トルク制限演算部47、回転速度演算部48、発電機トルク演算部49、電力分配手段を備えている。
モータトルク制限演算部41は、モータトルク(フロントモータ3及びリアモータ5の駆動トルク)の上限値(Tfmax、Trmax)を夫々演算する。
駆動トルク演算部(要求駆動力算出手段)42は、車両全体の駆動トルク(ユーザ要求駆動トルクTur)を演算する。
発電電力制限演算部44は、発電機7の発電電力の最大値(発電機上限発電電力Pgmax)を演算する。
発電機トルク制限演算部47は、発電機トルクの制限値を演算する。
発電機トルク演算部49は、回転速度演算部48で演算した発電機7の回転速度にするための発電機トルクを演算する。この発電機トルクに基づいて、インバータ14を介して発電機7を制御する。
次に、図3を用いて本実施形態の走行駆動装置1による駆動制御の詳細について説明する。
ハイブリッドコントロールユニット20は、シリーズモード中に図3に示す駆動制御のルーチンを繰り返し実行する。
始めに、ステップS10では、温度センサ21から昇圧コンバータ15の温度を入力する。そして、ステップS20に進む。
ステップS40では、ステップS80において入力した車両の前後加速度、横加速度、操舵角に基づいて、前輪分配比Rdfを演算する。例えば横加速度や操舵角に基づき定常走行時である場合には、前輪分配比Rdfが大きくなるように制御する。例えば、直進走行時、定常運転時以外、又は、発電機が始動してから所定期間内では、前輪分配比Rdfを50%(0.5)とし、直進走行時等の定常運転時では、前輪分配比Rdfを90%(0.9)とする。そして、ステップS50に進む。
Tfur=Tur×Rdf・・・(1)
そして、ステップS70に進む。
Tfur=Tur−Rdf・・・(2)
そして、ステップS80に進む。
Pgmax=(Pf−Pvmax)・・・(3)
なお、前輪駆動電力Pfは、ステップS60で演算した前輪駆動要求トルクTfurに基づいて演算し、例えば下式(4)に示すように、前輪駆動要求トルクTfur、前輪速度Vf、適宜設定された係数a、フロントモータ3の効率ηmfとを乗算して求めればよい。
そして、ステップS90に進む。
ステップS90では、要求駆動電力Purを演算する。要求駆動電力Purは、フロントモータ3及びリアモータ5の合計要求駆動電力値であり、下式(5)に示すように、ステップS60で演算した前輪駆動要求トルクTfurとステップS70で演算した後輪駆動要求トルクTrur、車両のタイヤ径r、車速V、フロントモータ3及びリアモータ5の効率ηmとにより演算される。
そして、ステップS100に進む。
ステップS100では、発電機出力Pgを演算する。発電機出力Pgは、下式(6)に示すように、ステップS90で演算した要求駆動電力PurとステップS80で演算した発電機上限発電電力Pgmaxとのうち低い値とする。
そして、ステップS110に進む。
ステップS110では、前輪駆動上限トルクTfmaxを演算する。前輪駆動上限トルクTfmaxは、発電機出力分を考慮した昇圧コンバータ上限電力Pvmaxに基づいて制限される前輪駆動トルクTfの上限値である。前輪駆動上限トルクTfmaxは、下式(7)に示すように、ステップS20で演算した昇圧コンバータ上限電力Pvmax、ステップS100で演算した発電機出力Pg、フロントモータ3の効率ηmf、前輪回転数センサ22で検出した前輪回転数Rfにより演算する。
そして、ステップS120に進む。
ステップS120では、後輪駆動上限トルクTrmaxを演算する。後輪駆動上限トルクTrmaxは、下式(8)に示すように、ステップS110で演算した前輪駆動上限トルクTfmaxと、ステップS40で演算した前輪分配比Rdfとにより演算する。
そして、ステップS130に進む。
ステップS130では、前輪駆動トルクTfを演算する。前輪駆動トルクTfは、下式(9)に示すように、ステップS60で演算した前輪駆動要求トルクTfurと、ステップS110で演算した前輪駆動上限トルクTfmaxとのうち、小さい方の値とする。
そして、ステップS140に進む。
ステップS140では、後輪駆動トルクTrを演算する。後輪駆動トルクTrは、下式(10)に示すように、ステップS70で演算した後輪駆動要求トルクTrurと、ステップS120で演算した後輪駆動上限トルクTrmaxとのうち、小さい方の値とする。
そして、本ルーチンを終了する。
以上の制御により、前輪駆動トルクTf及び後輪駆動トルクTrが求められる。そして、ハイブリッドコントロールユニット20は、この前輪駆動トルクTfに基づいてフロントモータ3の出力を制御し、後輪駆動トルクTrに基づいてリアモータ5の出力を制御する。また、発電機出力Pgが求められ、この発電機出力Pgに基づいて発電機7の出力が制御される。
車両には昇圧コンバータ15が搭載されており、バッテリ8から昇圧コンバータ15によって高圧化した電力をフロントモータ3に供給して駆動するように構成されている。シリーズモードにおいては、発電機7により発電した電力がフロントモータ3に供給されて前輪2を駆動し、発電機7から昇圧コンバータ15を介してリアモータ5に電力が供給されて後輪4を駆動する。
そして、発電機出力Pgを下げた分については、バッテリ8からの出力を増加することで、要求駆動電力Purを満たし、ユーザ要求駆動トルクTurを満足させることができる。
また、図5は、シリーズモードでの発電機による発電電力が制限される状況、即ち発電機が始動してから所定期間内や高所など大気圧が低い場合などの環境下における前後の電力分配状態、及び前後の駆動トルク分配状態の一例を説明するグラフである。図5中(a)は定常運転時、即ち、車両が加減速をしていない走行状態での駆動トルク分配を示しており、前後輪分配比が9:1となっている。(b)は、発電機による発電電力が制限される状況、即ち発電機が始動してから所定期間内や高所など大気圧が低い場合などの環境下における電力の分配比(発電機7とバッテリ8の出力比)が5:5となることを示している。(c)は、(b)の状況下において昇圧コンバータに通過する電力を低減して昇圧コンバータを保護するべく、前輪駆動トルクの制限を行なった場合の駆動トルク分配状態を示し、駆動トルクの前後輪分配比が6:4である。
なお、上記のように制御することで前後輪分配比(前輪分配比Rdf)が変更することになるが、例えば昇圧コンバータ15が故障して昇圧コンバータ上限電力Pvmaxが0になった場合には、下記式(11)、(12)に示すように、前輪駆動電力Pfは発電機上限発電電力Pgmax未満になり、後輪駆動電力Prはバッテリ8の最大出力電力Pbmax未満となる。
Pr<Pbmax・・・(12)
また、昇圧コンバータ上限電力Pvmaxが0になった場合には、下記式(13)、(14)に示すように、前輪最大分配比Rdfmax及び後輪最大分配比Rdrmaxは、発電機上限発電電力Pgmax及びバッテリ8の最大出力電力Pbmaxによって決定される。
Rdrmax=Pbmax/(Pgmax+Pbmax)・・・(14)
そして、昇圧コンバータ上限電力Pvmaxが0より大きい状態では、前後輪分配比(前輪分配比Rdf)の選択範囲が拡大する。
なお、本発明は、以上の実施形態に限定するものではない。本発明は、シリーズモードが可能で、昇圧コンバータを備えたハイブリッド車に広く適用することができる。
3 フロントモータ(第1の電動機)
5 リアモータ(第2の電動機)
6 エンジン(内燃機関)
7 発電機
8 バッテリ
15 昇圧コンバータ(変圧装置)
20 ハイブリッドコントロールユニット(電力分配手段)
42 駆動トルク演算部(要求駆動力算出手段)
43 モータトルク演算部(分配駆動力設定手段)
Claims (3)
- 車両の前後輪の内、一方の車輪を駆動する第1の電動機と、
前記車両に搭載された内燃機関により駆動されて発電する発電機と、
前記車両に搭載されたバッテリからの電力を変圧して前記第1の電動機に供給する一方、前記発電機の発電電力を変圧して前記バッテリに電力を供給するとともに温度状態に基づいて最大出力電力が制限される変圧装置と、
前記変圧装置を介さずに前記バッテリの電力が供給される一方、前記変圧装置を介した前記発電機の電力が供給されると共に前記前後輪の内、他方の車輪を駆動する第2の電動機と、
前記バッテリから供給される電力と前記発電機で発電された電力とを前記第1及び第2の電動機に分配する電力分配手段と、
を備えた車両の走行駆動装置であって、
前記第1の電動機は前記変圧装置を介さずに前記発電機から電力が供給され、
前記電力分配手段は、前記変圧装置の最大出力電力が制限された場合に、前記発電機の発電電力を制限して前記発電機から前記第2の電動機に供給される電力を減少すると共に前記バッテリから前記第2の電動機に供給される電力を増加させることを特徴とする車両の走行駆動装置。 - 車両の要求駆動力を算出する要求駆動力算出手段と、
前記要求駆動力を前記第1及び第2の電動機へ分配する分配駆動力を設定する分配駆動力設定手段と、を備え、
前記分配駆動力設定手段は、前記電力分配手段により前記発電機の発電電力を制限して前記発電機から前記第2の電動機に供給される電力を減少すると共に前記バッテリから前記第2の電動機に供給される電力を増加させることで、前記分配駆動力を維持させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両の走行駆動装置。 - 前記分配駆動力設定手段は、前記発電機が始動してから所定期間内に前記変圧装置が制限された場合には、前記第1の電動機に分配される駆動力を減少させると共に前記第2の電動機に分配される駆動力を増加させることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両の走行駆動装置。
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