CN107264259A - 车辆的行进驱动设备 - Google Patents

车辆的行进驱动设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107264259A
CN107264259A CN201710201553.7A CN201710201553A CN107264259A CN 107264259 A CN107264259 A CN 107264259A CN 201710201553 A CN201710201553 A CN 201710201553A CN 107264259 A CN107264259 A CN 107264259A
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China
Prior art keywords
motor
power
electric power
generator
driving
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Granted
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CN201710201553.7A
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CN107264259B (zh
Inventor
清水亮
生驹宪彦
蒲地诚
安部洋则
宫本直树
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Mitsubishi Motors Corp
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Mitsubishi Motors Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/354—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having separate mechanical assemblies for transmitting drive to the front or to the rear wheels or set of wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/448—Electrical distribution type
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种车辆的行进驱动设备，包括：前置电动机(3)，用于驱动前轮；后置电动机(5)，用于驱动后轮；发电机(7)，用于通过由内燃机驱动来产生电力；以及升压转换器(15)，用于对来自电池(8)的电压进行升压并将电力供应至前置电动机(3)，而对发电机(7)产生的电力进行降压并将电力供应至后置电动机(5)，当升压转换器(15)的输入电力基于升压转换器(15)的温度条件而受到限制时，混合控制单元(20)减少从发电机(7)供应至后置电动机(5)的电力，并增加从电池(8)供应至后置电动机(5)的电力。

Description

车辆的行进驱动设备
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆的行进驱动的控制。
背景技术
在近来已开发的混合动力车辆中，已知这样一种车辆，其中，车辆在行进模式中可操作，在行进模式中，在由内燃机(连续模式)驱动的发电机产生电力时由电动机驱动用于行进的驱动轮。
此外，还提出了一种包括用于对电压进行升压的变压器的车辆，其中，由变压器对从车上用电池输出的电压进行升压以驱动电动机。
例如，日本专利公开号2007-325352公开了一种包括用于驱动前轮的电驱动前置电动机和用于驱动后轮的电动后置电动机的车辆。在专利文献1的车辆中，前置电动机由从车载电池输出并经变换器进行升压的电压来驱动。此外，由发电机产生的电力可以供应至前置电动机。此外，通过利用变压器对发电机产生的电力的电压进行降压，变得可以将电力供应至后置电动机并对电池进行充电。
同时，如上所述的变压器的输入和输出电力存在上限，用以保护部件不受产生的热量损害等等。因此，在连续模式下通过供应有由如上所述的发电机产生的并由变压器进行降压的电力的一部分的后置电动机驱动以行进的车辆中，存在这样一种可能性，即，当车辆的行进驱动转矩增大时从发电机输入至变压器的电力超过上限值。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种车辆的行进驱动设备，该行进驱动设备在保护配备有变压器的混合动力车辆中的变压器的同时满足驾驶员要求的所需转矩。
为了实现以上描述的目的，本发明的车辆的行进驱动设备包括：第一电动机，用于驱动车辆的前轮和后轮中的任一个；发电机，用于通过安装在车辆上的内燃机驱动来产生电力；变压器，用于对来自安装在车辆上的电池的电力进行变压并将电力供应至第一电动机，同时对发电机产生的电力进行变压并将电力供应至电池，其中，基于温度条件限制最大输出电力；第二电动机，供应有未经由变压器的电池的电力同时供应有经由变压器的发电机的电力，并驱动前轮和后轮中的另一个；以及电力分配装置，用于将从电池供应的电力以及在发电机处产生的电力分配至第一电动机和第二电动机，车辆的行进驱动设备的特征在于当变压器受到限制时，电力分配装置减少从发电机供应至第二电动机的电力并提高从电池供应至第二电动机的电力。
结果，本发明的车辆的行进驱动设备在由发电机进行电力产生操作期间变压器受到限制时能够在保护变压器的同时满足所需驱动功率。
此外，优选地，车辆的行进驱动设备包括：所需驱动功率计算装置，用于计算车辆的所需驱动功率；以及分配驱动功率设定装置，用于设置将所需驱动功率分配至第一电动机和第二电动机的分配驱动功率，其中，分配驱动功率设定装置通过利用电力分配装置减少从发电机供应至第二电动机的电力并增加从电池供应至第二电动机的电力使得所分配的驱动功率被保持。
这使得即使发电机进行发电操作期间变压器受到限制在保护变压器的同时能够维持所分配的驱动功率。
此外，优选地，当在发电机启动之后的预定时段内变压器受到限制时，分配驱动功率设定装置可以减少待分配给第一电动机的驱动功率并增加分配给第二电动机的驱动功率。
这使得在发电机产生的电力低(诸如，在发电机启动之后的预定时段中)的状态下通过减少变压器的通过电力能够在保护变压器的同时确保整个车辆的驱动转矩。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的车辆的行进驱动设备的概略结构图；
图2是根据本实施方式的驱动控制设备的配置的框图；
图3是示出了本实施方式的行进驱动设备中的驱动控制流程的一部分的流程图；
图4是示出了在连续模式下在稳定操作期间前方与后方之间的电力分配状态以及前方与后方之间的驱动转矩分布状态的一个实例的曲线图；以及
图5是示出在由发电机在连续模式下产生的电力受到限制的情况下前方与后方之间的电力分配状态以及前方与后方之间的驱动转矩分布状态的一个实例的曲线图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参照附图描述本发明的实施方式。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的车辆的行进驱动设备1的概略结构图。
如图1中所示，配备有本发明的一个实施方式的行进驱动设备1的车辆是四轮驱动混合动力车辆，该车辆设置有用于驱动前轮2(第一行进驱动轮)的电驱动前置电动机3(第一电动机)，用于驱动后轮4(第二行进驱动轮)的电驱动后置电动机5(第二电动机)、发动机6(内燃机)、发电机7、以及电池8。
发动机6可以经由前驱动桥16驱动前轮2并驱动发电机7以产生电力。此外，发动机6与前轮2相连接，使得电力可以经由离合器11在发动机6和前轮2之间输送。
此外，车辆设置有用于控制对前置电动机3的电力供应的逆变器12、用于控制对后置电动机5的电力供应的逆变器13、以及用于控制发电机7的输出的逆变器14。
本实施方式包括升压转换器15(变换器)，升压转换器15对电池8的电压进行升压并将高压电力供应至前置电动机3，并且同时对由发电机7产生的高压电力进行降压，以将其供应至电池8或后置电动机5。
前置电动机3经由前驱动桥16驱动前轮2，前置电动机3可通过经由升压转换器15和逆变器12从电池8供应的电力来驱动，并且还可以通过经由逆变器14和逆变器12从发电机7供应的电力来驱动。
后置电动机5经由后驱动桥17驱动后轮4，后置电动机5可通过经由逆变器13从电池8供应的电力来驱动，并且还可以通过经由逆变器14、升压转换器15、以及逆变器13从发电机7供应的电力来驱动。
由发电机7产生并从逆变器14输出的电力允许经由升压转换器15对电池8进行充电，并且还可以经由逆变器12供应至前置电动机3，以及经由升压转换器15和逆变器13供应至后置电动机5。
此外，通过经由升压转换器15和逆变器14从电池8供应的电力来驱动的发电机7具有作为启动发动机6的启动电动机的功能。
由诸如锂离子电池的二次电池组成的电池8具有未示出的电池模块并由被放在一起的多个电池单元组成。
通过来自安装在车辆上的混合控制单元20的控制信号控制逆变器12、逆变器13、逆变器14以及升压转换器15中的每一个的操作。混合控制单元20包括用于将从电池供应的电力和在发电机处产生的电力分配至前置电动机和后置电动机的电力分配装置。
升压转换器15设置有用于检测升压转换器15的部件(元件等)的温度的温度传感器21。
此外，车辆设置有用于检测前车轮2每单位时间的转数的前轮旋转频率传感器22、用于检测后轮4每单位时间的转数的后轮旋转频率传感器23、用于检测加速器衰减量的加速器传感器24、用于检测制动衰减量的制动传感器25、用于检测车辆的纵向加速度和横向加速度的G传感器26、用于检测转向控制角度的转向角传感器27、以及用于控制发动机6的驱动的发动机控制单元30。
发动机控制单元30基于来自混合控制单元20的控制信号控制发动机6的驱动。
混合控制单元20被配置为包括输入/输出装置、存储装置(ROM、RAM、非易失性RAM等)、中央处理单元(CPU)、以及计时器等，其中混合控制单元是用于执行车辆的综合控制的控制设备。
混合控制单元20的输入侧与逆变器12至14、发动机控制单元30、温度传感器21、前轮旋转频率传感器22、后轮旋转频率传感器23、加速器传感器24、制动传感器25、G传感器26、以及转向角传感器27中的每一个相连接，并且输入有来自这些设备的检测和操作信息。
另一方面，混合控制单元20的输出侧与逆变器12至14、发动机控制单元30、以及离合器11中的每一个相连接。
然后，混合控制单元20将控制信号发送至发动机控制单元30、逆变器13和14中的每一个、以及离合器11以基于来自车辆的加速器传感器24的各种检测量(诸如，加速器衰减量)以及各种操作信息控制涉及离合器11的啮合和脱离的行进模式(EV模式、连续模式、平行模式)的切换、发动机6、前置电动机3以及后置电动机5的输出转矩、以及发电机7所产生的电力。
在平行模式下，前车轮2通过与离合器11啮合的发动机6的输出机械地驱动，并且也通过前置电动机3或后置电动机5驱动以行进。
在EV模式和连续模式下，离合器11脱离。在EV模式下，发动机6停止，并且前置电动机3和后置电动机5由来自电池8的电力驱动。在连续模式(第一行进模式)下，操作发动机6以使发电机7产生电力，从而将电力供应至前置电动机3和后置电动机5并驱动前置电动机和后置电动机。
图2是本实施方式的驱动控制设备的配置的框图。
如图2中所示，混合控制单元20包括最大升压输入/输出限度计算部40、电动机转矩限度计算部41、驱动转矩计算部42、电动机转矩计算部43、生成功率限度计算部44、生成功率计算部45、发电机转矩限度计算部47、旋转速度计算部48、发电机转矩计算部49、以及电力分配装置。
最大升压输入/输出限度计算部40基于升压转换器15的温度计算升压转换器上限功率Pvmax，升压转换器上限功率Pvmax是升压转换器15的最大输入/输出功率。
电动机转矩限度计算部41分别计算电动机转矩的上限值(前置电动机3和后置电动机5的驱动转矩)(Tfmax、Trmax)。
驱动转矩计算部(所需驱动功率计算装置)42计算整个车辆的驱动转矩(用户所需驱动转矩Tur)。
电动机转矩计算部(分配驱动功率设定装置)43计算前置电动机3和后置电动机5的电动机转矩Tmf、Tmr。然后，基于这些电动机转矩Tmf、Tmr，其经由逆变器12、13控制前置电动机3和后置电动机5的操作。
生成功率限度计算部44计算发电机7所生成的功率的最大值(发电机上限生成功率Pgmax)。
生成功率计算部45计算发电机输出Pg，发电机输出是发电机7生成的功率，其需要对应于用户所需驱动转矩Tur。然后，经由发动机控制单元30控制发动机6的操作使得可以在发电机7处生成发电机输出Pg。
发电机转矩限度计算部47计算发电机转矩的极限值。
旋转速度计算部48计算发电机7的对应于发电机输出Pg的旋转速度。
发电机转矩计算部49计算用于实现发电机7的旋转速度的发电机转矩，该旋转速度是在旋转速度计算部48计算的。基于发电机转矩，其经由逆变器14控制发电机7。
接下来，将通过使用图3详细描述本实施方式的由行进驱动设备1进行的驱动控制。
图3是示出行进驱动设备1中的驱动控制流程的流程图。
混合控制单元20在连续模式下反复执行在图3中示出的驱动控制的例程。
首先，在步骤S10中，从温度传感器21输入升压转换器15的温度。然后过程进行至步骤S20。
在步骤S20中，基于在步骤S10中已输入的升压转换器15的温度计算升压转换器上限功率Pvmax。升压转换器上限功率Pvmax是能够在升压转换器15中输入/输出的功率的上限值。通过使用例如预存储映射(map)计算升压转换器上限功率Pvmax，并且进行设置，使得随着升压转换器15的温度变得越高升压转换器上限功率Pvmax变得越低。在正常情况期间，升压转换器上限功率Pvmax被设为例如最大额定值的50％，并且升压转换器的输入/输出功率被设为30％至50％。此外，在升压转换器15的反常情况期间，升压转换器上限功率Pvmax被设为0。然后过程进行至步骤S30。应注意，该步骤的控制对应于在上文中描述的最大升压输入/输出限度计算部40中的功能。
在步骤S30中，由G传感器26检测车辆的纵向加速度和横向加速度。此外，由转向角传感器27检测方向盘的转向角度。然后，输入这些纵向加速度、侧向加速度以及转向角度。然后过程进行至步骤S40。
在步骤S40中，基于在步骤S30中输入的纵向加速度、侧向加速度以及转向角计算前轮分配比Rdf。例如，当基于横向加速度和转向角判定为将稳定行进时，执行控制使得前轮分配比Rdf增大。例如，在除稳定操作或直行行进期间以外的期间，或者在启动发电机之后的预定时段内，前轮分配比Rdf被设为50％(0.5)，并且在执行行进等中稳定操作期间，前轮分配比Rdf被设为90％(0.9)。然后过程进行至步骤S50。
在步骤S50中，根据基于前轮旋转频率传感器22和后轮旋转频率传感器23的检测值(Rf、Rr)计算的车辆速度V、基于加速器传感器24和制动传感器25的检测值的加速器衰减量和制动衰减量计算用户所需驱动转矩Tur。用户所需驱动转矩Tur是对应于驾驶员的基于加速量和制动量的加速/减速指令使车辆从当前车辆速度V加速/减速时所需的整个车辆的行进驱动转矩。然后，过程进行至步骤S60。应注意，该步骤的控制对应于以上描述的驱动转矩计算部42的功能。
在步骤S60中，计算前轮驱动所需转矩Tfur。作为前轮2的驱动所需转矩的前轮驱动所需转矩Tfur是如在以下公式(1)中示出通过将在步骤S50中计算的用户所需驱动转矩Tur和在步骤S40中计算的前轮分配比Rdf相乘获得的值。
Tfur＝Tur×Rdf...(1)
然后，过程进行至步骤S70。
在步骤S70中，计算后轮驱动所需转矩Trur。这是在后轮处的驱动所需转矩并且是如在以下公式(2)中示出的通过从在步骤S50中计算的用户所需驱动转矩Tur中减去在步骤S60中计算的前轮驱动所需转矩Tfur获得的值。
Trur＝Tur-Tfur...(2)
此后，过程进行至步骤S80。
在步骤S80中，计算发电机上限生成功率Pgmax。发电机上限生成功率Pgmax是如通过以下公式(3)示出的通过从前轮驱动功率Pf中减法在步骤S20中计算的升压转换器上限功率Pvmax获得的值，发电机上限生成功率是发电机7生成的功率的最大值(发电机输出Pg)。
Pgmax＝(Pf-Pvmax)...(3)
应注意，可以基于在步骤S60中计算的前轮驱动所需转矩Tfur计算前轮驱动功率Pf，并且例如如在以下公式(4)中所示可以通过将前轮驱动所需转矩Tfur、前轮速度Vf、适当设置的系数“a”、以及前置电动机3的效率ηmf相乘获得。
Pf＝Tur×Vf×a/ηmf...(4)
此后，过程进行至步骤S90。
在步骤S90中，计算所需驱动功率Pur。如在以下公式(5)中示出，通过在步骤S60中计算的前轮驱动所需转矩Tfur、在步骤S70中计算的后轮驱动所需转矩Trur、车辆的轮胎半径r、车辆速度V、以及前置电动机3和后置电动机5的效率ηm计算所需驱动功率Pur，所需驱动功率是前置电动机3和后置电动机5的所需驱动功率的总值。
Pur＝(Tfur+Trur)/r×V/3.6×ηm...(5)
此后，过程进行至步骤S100。
在步骤S100中，计算发电机输出Pg。发电机输出Pg应为如在以下公式(6)中示出的在步骤S90中计算的所需驱动功率Pur与在步骤S80中计算的发电机上限生成功率Pgmax之间的较低值。
Pg＝min(Pur,Pgmax)...(6)
然后，过程进行至步骤S110。
在步骤S110中计算前轮驱动上限转矩Tfmax。前轮驱动上限转矩Tfmax是基于考虑到发电机输出量的升压转换器上限功率Pvmax而限制的前轮驱动转矩Tf的上限值。如在以下公式(7)中所示，由在步骤S20中计算的升压转换器上限功率Pvmax、在步骤S100中计算的发电机输出Pg、以及前置电动机3的效率和由前轮旋转频率传感器22检测的前轮旋转频率Rf计算前轮驱动上限转矩Tfmax。
Tfmax＝(Pvmax+Pg)×ηmf/Rf/(2π/60)...(7)
然后，过程进行至步骤S120。
在步骤S120中，计算后轮驱动上限转矩Trmax。如在以下公式(8)中示出的，由在步骤S110中计算的前轮驱动上限转矩Tfmax和在步骤S40中计算的前轮分配比Rdf计算后轮驱动上限转矩Trmax。
Trmax＝Tfmax×(1-Rdf)/Rdf...(8)
然后，过程进行至步骤S130。
在步骤S130中，计算前轮驱动转矩Tf。前轮驱动转矩Tf应为如在以下公式(9)中示出的在步骤S60中计算的前轮驱动所需转矩Tfur与在步骤S110中计算的前轮驱动上限转矩Tfmax之间较小的值。
前轮驱动转矩Tf＝min(Tfur,Tfmax)...(9)
然后，过程进行至步骤S140。
在步骤S140中，计算后轮驱动转矩Tr。后轮驱动转矩Tr应为如在以下公式(10)中示出的在步骤S70中计算的后轮驱动所需转矩Trur与在步骤S120中计算的后轮驱动上限转矩Trmax之间较低的值。
Tr＝min(Trur,Trmax)...(10)
然后，该例程结束。
通过以上描述的控制，找到了前轮驱动转矩Tf和后轮驱动转矩Tr。然后，混合控制单元20基于前轮驱动转矩Tf控制前置电动机3的输出并基于后轮驱动转矩Tr控制后置电动机5的输出。此外，找到发电机输出Pg并且基于发电机输出Pg控制发电机7的输出。
本实施方式的车辆是可通过前置电动机3驱动前轮2并且可通过后置电动机5驱动后轮4的四轮驱动车辆。此外，车辆可以以在操作发动机6以产生电力的同时由前置电动机3和后置电动机5执行行进驱动的连续模式操作。车辆安装有升压转换器15并且被配置为使得前置电动机3供应有从电池8供应的并由升压转换器15对电压进行升压的电力并通过该电力驱动。在连续模式下，通过发电机7产生的电力被供应至前置电动机3以驱动前轮2，并且电力经由升压转换器15从发电机7供应至后置电动机5以驱动后轮4。
因此，在本实施方式中，检测升压转换器15的温度以计算升压转换器上限功率Pvmax，并且基于升压转换器上限功率Pvmax由在连续模式下在以上图3中示出的驱动控制限制发电机输出Pg、前轮驱动转矩Tf、以及后轮驱动转矩Tr，使得控制从发电机7经由升压转换器15供应至后置电动机5的功率(Pv)，以便不超过升压转换器上限功率Pvmax。
图4是示出了在连续模式下在稳定操作期间，特别是当在车辆转弯或加速的时候，前方与后方之间的电力分布状态以及前方与后方之间的驱动转矩分布状态的一个实例的曲线图。在图4中，(a)表示由于车辆正在转弯或加速，驱动转矩的前后轮分配比是5:5的驱动转矩分配状态。其中，当车辆既不转弯也不加速/减速时，前后轮分配比将为9:1。此外，(b)表示在对本实施方式的发电机输出Pg执行限制之前的电力分配状态，其中在所需驱动功率Pur发电机输出Pg与来自电池8的输出Pb的比为9:1。此外，(c)表示当对本实施方式的发电机输出Pg执行限制时的电力分配状态，其中，电力的分配比(发电机7与电池8之间的输出率)为6:4。
当如图4的(a)中所示车辆转弯或加速时驱动转矩的前后轮分配比为5:5时，后置电动机5的所需驱动功率相对较大。因此，如在(b)中示出的，如果设置成发电机输出Pg为最大并且所需驱动功率Pur的90％由发电机输出Pg供应，则经由升压转换器15从发电机7供应至后置电动机5的功率(图4中的Pv)超过升压转换器上限功率Pvmax。
在本实施方式中，发电机上限生成功率Pgmax根据升压转换器上限功率Pvmax被设置成使得发电机输出Pg受到限制并且经由升压转换器15从发电机7供应至后置电动机5的功率不大于升压转换器上限功率Pvmax，如在(c)中示出。这使得能够保护升压转换器15。
然后，对于发电机输出Pg减少的量，通过增加来自电池8的输出可以达到所需驱动功率Pur并满足用户所需驱动转矩Tur。
此外，在升压转换器15的输入/输出电力不超过发电机上限生成电力Pgmax的范围内将发电机输出Pg设置成发电机上限生成电力Pgmax使得能够尽可能地增大发电机输出Pg，并且因此增大整个车辆(尤其是前置电动机3)的输出转矩，从而提高车辆的行进性能。
此外，图5是示出了在在连续模式下由发电机产生的电力受到限制即诸如在从启动发电机的预定时段内的环境并且气压低(诸如，在高海拔处)时的情况下，前方与后方之间的电力分配状态以及前方与后方之间的驱动转矩分配状态的一个实例的曲线图。在图5中，(a)表示在稳定操作期间即在车辆既不加速也不减速的行进状态下的驱动转矩分配，其中前后轮分配比为9:1。其中，(b)表示在发电机产生的电力受到限制即在诸如从启动发电机的预定时段内的环境并且气压低(诸如，在高海拔处)时的情况下电力之间的分配比(发电机7与电池8之间的输出比)变成5:5。此外，(c)表示当限制前轮驱动转矩以减少穿过升压转换器的电力从而保护在(b)的情况下的升压转换器时的驱动转矩分配状态，其中，驱动转矩的前后轮分配比为6:4。
由于在稳定操作期间，即，在如图5的(a)中所示出的车辆既不加速也不减速的行进状态下，驱动转矩的前后轮分配比是9:1，如果在这样的条件下使车辆处于发电机产生的电力受到限制，即，在诸如从启动发电机的预定时段内的环境并且当气压低(诸如，在高海拔下)时的情况，，前置电动机3的所需驱动功率相对较大，并且经由升压转换器15将电力与发电机7的电力一起从电池8共用至前置电动机3。在这种情况下，即使限制发电机输出Pg，升压转换器15的通过功率将不会减少。
因此，在本实施方式中，可以通过限制如在(c)中示出的前轮驱动转矩Tf减少升压转换器15的通过功率。应注意，通过增加从电池8供应至后置电动机5的电力，从而增大后轮驱动转矩Tr，可以补偿前轮驱动转矩Tf的减少量，从而确保整个车辆的驱动转矩。
应注意，尽管由于以上描述的控制前后轮分配比(前轮分配比Rdf)将改变，如果例如升压转换器15出故障并且升压转换器上限功率Pvmax变成0，则如在以下公式(11)和(12)中示出的，前轮驱动功率Pf变得小于发电机上限生成功率Pgmax，并且后轮驱动功率Pr变得小于电池8的最大输出功率Pbmax。
Pf<Pgmax...(11)
Pr<Pbmax...(12)
此外，当升压转换器上限功率Pvmax变成0，如在以下公式(13)和(14)中示出的，通过发电机上限生成功率Pgmax和电池8的最大输出功率Pbmax来确定前轮最大分配比Rdfmax和后轮最大分配比Rdrmax。
Rdfmax＝Pgmax/(Pgmax+Pbmax)...(13)
Rdrmax＝Pbmax/(Pgmax+Pbmax)...(14)
因此，在升压转换器上限功率Pvmax大于0的状态下，选择前后轮分配比(前轮分配比Rdf)的范围扩大。
应注意，本发明不会限于以上描述的实施方式。本发明可以广泛适用于混合动力车辆，该混合动力车辆的操作可以是连续模式，并且配备有升压转换器。

Claims (3)

1.一种车辆的行进驱动设备，包括：
第一电动机，用于驱动所述车辆的前轮和后轮中的任一个；
发电机，用于通过安装在所述车辆上的内燃机驱动来产生电力；
变压器，用于对来自安装在所述车辆上的电池的电力进行变压并将所述电力供应至所述第一电动机，同时对所述发电机产生的电力进行变压并将所述电力供应至所述电池，其中，基于温度条件限制最大输出功率；
第二电动机，供应有未经由所述变压器的所述电池的电力，同时供应有经由所述变压器的所述发电机的电力，并驱动所述前轮和所述后轮中的另一个；以及
电力分配装置，用于将从所述电池供应的电力以及在所述发电机处产生的电力分配至所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机，车辆的所述行进驱动设备的特征在于：
当所述变压器受到限制时，所述电力分配装置减少从所述发电机供应至所述第二电动机的电力并增加从所述电池供应至所述第二电动机的电力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆的行进驱动设备，其特征在于，所述行进驱动设备包括：
所需驱动功率计算装置，用于计算车辆的所需驱动功率；以及
分配驱动功率设定装置，用于设置将所述所需驱动功率分配至所述第一电动机和所述第二电动机的分配驱动功率，其中
所述分配驱动功率设定装置通过利用所述电力分配装置减少从所述发电机供应至所述第二电动机的电力并增加从所述电池供应至所述第二电动机的电力使得所分配的驱动功率被保持。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆的行进驱动设备，其特征在于，
当在所述发电机启动之后的预定时段内所述变压器受到限制时，所述分配驱动功率设定装置减少待分配给所述第一电动机的驱动功率并增加待分配给所述第二电动机的驱动功率。
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