JP6714796B2 - 心血管疾患を治療する医薬組成物および方法 - Google Patents
心血管疾患を治療する医薬組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6714796B2 JP6714796B2 JP2019515882A JP2019515882A JP6714796B2 JP 6714796 B2 JP6714796 B2 JP 6714796B2 JP 2019515882 A JP2019515882 A JP 2019515882A JP 2019515882 A JP2019515882 A JP 2019515882A JP 6714796 B2 JP6714796 B2 JP 6714796B2
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- histamine
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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Description
本願は、2017年5月9日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/503,902号、および、2018年4月4日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/652,812号に対する優先権を主張し、それらの各々の開示は、参照により全体的に本明細書に組み込まれる。
一実施形態において、本明細書では、症候性洞徐脈の治療に有用な医薬組成物を提供する。いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書では、2またはより多くの化合物を含む医薬組成物を提供し、ここで、各化合物は独立に、ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト、カルシウムチャネル遮断剤、ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストまたはβ2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストである。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書において提供される医薬組成物は、ホスホジエステラーゼ(PDE)阻害剤および/またはアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストであるAPIを含む。PDE阻害剤およびアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストは、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)および喘息の治療において主に使用される。このAPIの1つの副次的治療効果は、心拍数および心拍出量を増加させることである。ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤および/またはアデノシン受容体としてのこのAPIの作用の分子機構は、(i)競合的かつ非選択的にホスホジエステラーゼを阻害して細胞内の環状アデノシン一リン酸(cAMP)を増加させ、タンパク質キナーゼA(PKA)を活性化し、腫瘍壊死因子(TNF)‐アルファを阻害し、ロイコトリエン合成を阻害し、炎症および自然免疫を低減し、(ii)アデノシン受容体に非選択的に拮抗し、A1、A2、A3受容体にほぼ同等に拮抗することである。このことから、その心臓への影響の多くを説明できる。ホスホジエステラーゼを阻害することにより、環状cAMPの加水分解が減少し、従って、内因性エピネフリンが促進され、ノルエピネフリン放出が制御される。アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストは、アデノシンと拮抗でき、アデノシンの過度な放出を防止でき、結果として、心筋細胞におけるcAMPが増加し、その結果、心拍数(HR)および心拍出量が増加する。本明細書において提供される2またはより多くのAPIと組合せて摂取するとき、心筋収縮性、心筋代謝および酸素消費の増加を含む、このAPIの望ましくない副作用は、本明細書において開示されるカルシウムチャネル遮断剤などの別のAPIによって導入される酸素消費および心筋代謝の減少を相殺することによって最小化できる、または、除去することさえできる。一方、本明細書において提供される2またはより多くのAPIと組合せて使用することによって、これらに限定されないが、心拍数および心拍出量の増加を含む所望の効果を強化することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書において提供される医薬組成物は、カルシウムチャネル遮断剤であるAPIを含む。カルシウムチャネル遮断剤は、高血圧の治療のために一般に使用される。これらのAPIは、カルシウムチャネルを遮断することにより、冠状動脈系を弛緩させ、冠状動脈攣縮を防止し(従って、正常領域および虚血性領域の両方において、主冠状動脈および冠状細動脈を拡張する)、酸素利用度を更に低減し、これにより、末梢細動脈を拡張し、心臓が作用する全末梢抵抗を低減することによって動脈圧を低減する。これらに限定されないが、心筋収縮性の阻害、および、心筋代謝の低減を含む望ましくない副作用は、PDE阻害剤またはアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストであるAPIなどと組合せて、別のAPIによって導入される影響を相殺することにより、最小化または除去される。一方、本明細書において提供される2またはより多くのAPIと組合せて使用することによって、これらに限定されないが、心拍数および心拍出量の増加を含む所望の効果を強化することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書において提供される医薬組成物は、ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニストおよび/またはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストであるAPIを含む。PDE阻害剤、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストおよびカルシウムチャネル遮断剤と同様に、治療有効量で使用されるとき、様々な望ましくない副作用は、現在承認されている1または複数の適応のためのヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、H2受容体アゴニストまたはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストに関連する。ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニストまたはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストは、眩暈の治療に有用であることが知られている。理論に束縛されるものではないが、ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニストまたはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストの作用機序には2つの可能性がある。第1に、いくつかのヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストは、H1受容体に対する刺激作用を有し得て、局所的な血管拡張および透過性をもたらす。第2に、H3受容体に対する拮抗作用は、神経末端から放出されるヒスタミン、アセチルコリン、ノルエピネフリン、セロトニン、および、γ‐アミノ酪酸(GABA)の量の増加をもたらし得て、血圧の低下を含む血管拡張作用を引き起こす。これらの望ましくない副作用は、本明細書において提供されるβ2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト(例えばアルブテロールまたはレバルブテロール)などの別のAPIによって導入される影響を相殺することによって最小化または除去できる。一方、本明細書において提供される2またはより多くのAPIと組合せて使用することによって、これらに限定されないが、心拍数および心拍出量の増加をもたらす、末梢小動脈および細静脈の拡張の増加を含む所望の効果を強化することができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、本明細書において提供される医薬組成物は、β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストであるAPIを含む。PDE阻害剤と同様に、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト、カルシウムチャネル遮断剤、ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニストまたはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストは、治療有効量で使用されるとき、様々な望ましくない副作用は、現在承認されている1または複数の適応についてのβ2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストに関連する。β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストは、喘息の治療に有用であることが知られている。このAPIの1つの副次的治療効果は、心拍数および心拍出量を増加させることができるということである。アルブテロールは、R‐アルブテロールおよびS‐アルブテロールのラセミ混合物である。このAPIの作用の分子機構は、これらに限定されないが、(i)(R)‐エナンチオマー(レバルブテロール)が薬学的活性を担うこと、および、(ii)(S)‐エナンチオマーが代謝経路を遮断することを含む。APIは、元々は気管支痙攣の軽減に使用されていた、短時間作用型のβ2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストとして知られている。追加的に、このAPIはまた、心臓B1受容体を刺激できる。心筋はまた、B2受容体を有する。B2およびB1受容体の興奮により、心拍数を増加させることができる。このAPIの副作用は、血圧の増加を含む。望ましくない副作用は、本明細書において提供されるヒスタミンH1および/またはH2受容体アゴニストおよび/またはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニスト(例えばベタヒスチン)などの別のAPIによって導入される影響を相殺することによって最小化または除去できる。一方、本明細書において提供される2またはより多くのAPIの組合せを使用して、これらに限定されないが、心拍数および心拍出量の増加を含む所望の効果を強化することができる。
本明細書において提供される経口投与のための医薬組成物は、経口投与のための固形、半固形または液体剤形で提供され得る。本明細書において使用される場合、経口投与はまた、頬側、舌および舌下投与を含む。適した経口剤形には、これらに限定されないが、錠剤、ファストメルト(fastmelts)、咀嚼錠、カプセル、丸剤、ストリップ、トローチ、ロゼンジ(lozenge)、カシェ、ペレット、薬用チューイングガム、原薬粉末、発泡性粉末もしくは非発泡性粉末もしくは顆粒、経口ミスト、溶液、乳剤、懸濁液、ウェハ、スプリンクル(sprinkle)、エリキシル剤およびシロップが含まれる。有効成分に加えて、本明細書において提供される医薬組成物は、これらに限定されないが、結合剤、充填材、希釈剤、崩壊剤、湿潤剤、滑沢剤、滑剤、着色剤、染料移動阻害剤、甘味剤、香味剤、乳化剤、懸濁剤および分散剤、保存剤、溶媒、非水性液体、有機酸、ならびに、二酸化炭素源などを含む1または複数の薬学的に許容可能な担体または賦形剤を含む。
本明細書において提供される医薬組成物は、局所または全身投与のために、注射、点滴または移植によって非経口投与され得る。非経口投与は、本明細書において使用される場合、静脈内、動脈内、腹腔内、髄腔内、脳室内、尿道内、胸骨内、頭蓋内、筋肉内、滑液包内、膀胱内、および皮下投与を含む。
本明細書において提供される医薬組成物は、皮膚、開口部または粘膜に局所的に投与できる。本明細書において使用される場合、局所投与には、皮膚(皮内)投与、結膜投与、角膜内投与、眼内投与、経眼投与、耳介投与、経皮投与、経鼻投与、膣内投与、経尿道投与、呼吸器投与、および直腸投与が含まれる。
本明細書において提供される医薬組成物は、調節放出剤形として製剤化され得る。本明細書において使用される「調節放出」という用語は、同じ経路で投与されるときに有効成分の放出の速度または場所が即時放出剤形のそれと異なる剤形を指す。調節放出剤形には、これらに限定されないが、遅延型、延長型、長期型、持続型、パルス型、制御型、加速型および急速型、標的化型、プログラム放出型、ならびに胃貯留剤形が含まれる。調節放出剤形の医薬組成物は、これらに限定されないが、マトリックス制御放出装置、浸透圧制御放出装置、多粒子制御放出装置、イオン交換樹脂、腸溶コーティング、多層コーティング、微粒子、ミクロスフェア、リポソーム、およびその組合せを含む、当業者に既知である様々な調節放出装置および調節放出方法を使用して調製され得る。また、有効成分の放出速度は、有効成分の粒径および多形性を変化させることで調節され得る。
調節放出剤形の本明細書において提供される医薬組成物を、当業者に公知のマトリックス制御放出装置を使用して製造することができる(Takada et al、"Encyclopedia of Controlled Drug Delivery," Vol. 2, Mathiowitz Ed., Wiley, 1999を参照)。
調節放出剤形の本明細書において提供される医薬組成物を、これらに限定されないが、1チャンバシステム、2チャンバシステム、非対称膜技術(AMT)、および押出コアシステム(ECS)を含む浸透圧制御放出装置を使用して製造することができる。一般に、そのような装置は少なくとも2つのコンポーネント、すなわち、(a)有効成分を含むコアと、(b)少なくとも1つの送達口を有しコアを封入する半透膜とを有する。半透膜は、送達口を通じた押出による薬剤放出を引き起こすように、水性使用環境からコアへの水の流入を制御する。
また、リポソーム、再封赤血球、および抗体をベースとする送達系を含む、本明細書において提供される医薬組成物を、治療される被験者の特定の組織、受容体、または身体の他の区域を標的化するように製剤化することができる。例としては米国特許第6,316,652号; 第6,274,552号; 第6,271,359号; 第6,253,872号; 第6,139,865号; 第6,131,570号; 第6,120,751号; 第6,071,495号; 第6,060,082号; 第6,048,736号; 第6,039,975号; 第6,004,534号; 第5,985,307号; 第5,972,366号; 第5,900,252号; 第5,840,674号; 第5,759,542号; および第5,709,874号に開示されるものが含まれるがそれに限定されない。
一実施形態において、被験者における心血管疾患の1または複数の症状を治療、予防または改善する方法が本明細書において提供される。当該方法は、2またはより多くの化合物を被験者に投与する段階を含み、ここで、各化合物は独立に、ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤、アデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト、カルシウムチャネル遮断剤、ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストまたはβ2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストである。
[例1]
[2APIの組合せ]
アミノフィリン(喘息の治療に一般に使用されるホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤およびアデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト)およびクレンブテロール(喘息の治療に有用なβ2‐アゴニスト)が気管支拡張薬を必要とする患者を治療するために処方されたとき、規定された治療の望ましくない副作用として、2つの併用薬剤が、患者の心拍数を著しく増加させたことが観察された。望ましくな副作用の観察から、アミノフィリンおよびクレンブテロールの組合せは徐脈患者の治療に有用であり得るという仮説がもたらされた。この仮説を試験するために実行された実験では、アミノフィリンおよびクレンブテロールの組合せがボランティア被験者の小グループに投与された。約2−3時間後、被験者の心拍数は、5〜6拍/分だけ増加した。この影響は、約6〜8時間続いた。この例の各被験者について、心拍数および房室伝導の異常をモニタリングするために、心電図(ECG)が使用された。
[3APIの組合せ]
心拍数に対する、アミノフィリンおよびクレンブテロールの組合せの改善を更に影響するべく、有効医薬成分との様々な組合せが調査された。理論によって束縛されるものではないが、この実験における仮説は、アミノフィリンおよびクレンブテロールと同様の作用機序、または、心臓に対する同じ副作用(副次的治療効果)を有するAPIの組合せを利用することである。アミノフィリンおよびクレンブテロールと組み合わせたオリザノール、ニコチンアミドまたはアニソダミンがボランティア被験者の小グループで試験された。しかしながら、更なる改善は観察されなかった。
[4APIの組合せ]
眩暈患者の治療中、ベタヒスチンの投与後に患者の心拍数が著しく増加したことが観察された。ベタヒスチンは一般に、平衡障害の患者に、または、メニエール病に関連する眩暈症状を緩和するために処方されるが、除脈の治療には使用されてこなかった。この観察に基づき、除脈を治療するための組合せのうちの可能性のあるAPIの1つとしてベタヒスチンが選択された。次に、アミノフィリン、クレンブテロールおよびニフェジピンとのベタヒスチンの組合せが調製され、健康なボランティアの被験者の小グループで試験された。健康なボランティアの被験者からの結果は、10拍/分以上の心拍数の増加を示した。この4APIの組み合わせはまた、徐脈患者で試験された。徐脈患者からの結果は、10拍/分以上の心拍数の増加を示した。
[4API医薬製剤]
Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs)に従って、微粉化テオフィリン(API‐1)、微粉化ニフェジピン(API‐2)、ベタヒスチン二塩酸塩(API‐3)およびレバルブテロール塩酸塩(API‐4)を含む医薬製剤が調製された。レバルブテロール塩酸塩(API‐4)を10重量%の完全微結晶性セルロースと5分間混合した。微粉化ニフェジピン(API‐2)および20重量%の完全微結晶性セルロースを添加し、結果として得られた混合物を5分間混合した。ベタヒスチン二塩酸塩(API‐3)および30重量%の完全微結晶性セルロースを添加し、結果として得られた混合物を5分間混合した。微粉化テオフィリン(API‐1)および40重量%の完全微結晶性セルロースを添加し、結果として得られた混合物を5分混合した。マンニトール、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウム、コロイド状二酸化ケイ素およびクエン酸を添加し、それに続いて、ステアリン酸マグネシウムを添加した。結果として得られた混合物を5分間混合し、000、00、0、1、2、3、4または5のサイズのカプセルに製剤化した。微粉化された各APIをジェット粉砕で調製した。
[表1 医薬組成物]
[品質制御]
調製された医薬組成物におけるAPIの識別および定量化のための、いくつかの分析方法が開発され、米国および国際規格に従って十分に検証された。HPLCによる、API‐1およびAPI‐2の識別および定量化のための1つのアッセイ方法が開発された。HPLCによる、API‐3およびAPI‐4の識別および定量化のための別のアッセイ方法が開発された。医薬組成物におけるAPIの濃度を定量化するために、APIの米国薬局方(USP)グレードレファレンススタンダードを使用した。
[動物における4APIの組成物の心血管評価]
4APIの組成物をビーグル犬に経口投与する心血管評価が実行された。5頭の雄の実験用非ナイーブのビーグル犬(およそ1年8月〜1年11月齢)を選択した。試験のための選択の前に、全ての動物で身体検査を行った。定期的に動物の体重を測定し、全体的な健康状態、および、何らかの疾患の兆候に関して観察した。ベースライン心血管テレメトリモニタリング(体温、血圧、心拍数および心電図)を実行した。心臓の電気生理学異常を除外し、試験のための適切性を決定するために、全動物について、24時間ベースライン心血管モニタリングセッションからの心電計(ECG)トレースを評価した。全動物について、試験前に血液試料を収集し、臨床化学的および血液学的パラメータを評価した。試験のために選択された全動物は、試験前評価に基づき、適格とみなされた。
[4APIの組成物の剤形]
表2に示されるように、いくつかの剤形が調製された。低用量は、初期段階徐脈の患者を治療するために設計され。中用量は、症候性洞徐脈の患者を治療するために設計され、高用量は、重篤な症候性洞徐脈の患者または房室ブロックの患者を治療するために設計された。
[表2 4APIの組成物]
[健康なボランティアにおける4APIの組成物の心血管評価]
上記の例7において説明された4APIの組成物の心臓血管への影響を評価するために、2名の健康なボランティアの被験者が参加した。心拍数(HR)ベースラインを取得するべく、投薬せずに、毎日7:00、10:00および18:00に座位で、2名のボランティア被験者の心拍数を測定した。各測定の前に10分間休息および安静にした。連続する3日間にわたって、各時点(1日あたり3時点)あたりHRを1回記録した。
[表3 健康なボランティアの被験者のベースライン心拍数]
[徐脈患者における4APIの組み合わせの心血管評価]
例3に示される4APIの組み合わせが徐脈患者で評価された。結果を下の表5にまとめた。4APIの組み合わせで治療された徐脈患者では、胸痛、胸部圧迫感、混乱または記憶力の問題、眩暈、疲労、息切れおよび失神を含む除脈の症状が消失または低減した。
[表6 4APIの組み合わせで治療された患者]
[症候性洞徐脈患者における4APIの組成物の臨床評価]
症候性洞徐脈患者における4APIの組成物の安全性および忍容性(上記の表2に示される)を確立するために、非盲検の単一用量漸増試験を実行した。消化性潰瘍性疾患、発作性障害、または、心不整脈の患者は除外した。また、ベータアゴニストおよび/またはテオフィリンを摂取している喘息の患者も除外された。
(項目1)
徐脈または心血管疾患を治療または改善するために使用される医薬組成物であって、(i)ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤またはアデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト(テオフィリンまたはアミノフィリン)と、(ii)カルシウムチャネル遮断剤(ニフェジピン)と、(iii)ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニストまたはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニスト(ベタヒスチンまたはその代謝物)と、(iv)β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト(レバルブテロールまたはアルブテロール)と、(V)薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤とを含み、注射または経口投与のための剤形で製剤化される、医薬組成物。
(項目2)
徐脈または心血管疾患を治療または改善するために使用される医薬組成物であって、(a)各化合物が独立に(i)ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤またはアデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト(テオフィリンまたはアミノフィリン)、(ii)カルシウムチャネル遮断剤(ニフェジピン)、(iii)ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニストまたはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニスト(ベタヒスチンまたはその代謝物)、または、(iv)β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト(レバルブテロールまたはアルブテロール)である、任意の3つの化合物と、(b)薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤とを含み、注射または経口投与のための剤形で製剤化される、医薬組成物。
(項目3)
1または複数の種類の活性医薬組成物が重水素富化され(重水素富化率≧50%)、上記重水素富化された化合物は薬物動態の半減期を増加させ(作用の持続時間を増加させ)、用量の低減を可能にすることによって副作用を低減する、項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目4)
上記ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤または上記アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストは、テオフィリン、アミノフィリン、アジベンダン、アミピゾン、アナグレリド、アプレミラスト、アロフィリン、アチゾラム、アバナフィル、ベフラリン、ベマリノン、ベモラダン、ベナフェントリン、ブクラデシン、ブフロメジル、ブキネラン、カルバゼラン、カトラミラスト、シロミラスト、シロスタゾール、ジピリダモール、ドロタベリン、エノキシモン、エタミフィリン、イブジラスト、イナムリノン、ルテオリン、メセムブレノン、メテスクフィリン、ミダキシフィリン、ミルリノン、モタピゾン、パパベリン、パログレリル、ペリノン、ペンチフィリン、ペントキシフィリン、ペルブフィリン、ピクラミラスト、ピメフィリン、ピモベンダン、ピロキシモン、プリンオキソダン、プロキシフィリン、プマフェントリン、ロフルミラスト、ロリプラム、シルデナフィル、タダラフィル、テオフィリン、ウデナフィル、バルデナフィル、ビンポセチン、キサンチン、メチルキサンチン、カフェイン、ドキソフィリン、ダイフィリン、オキシトリフィリン、パラキサンチン、ペントキシフィリン、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、または、それらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物である、項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目5)
上記カルシウムチャネル遮断剤は、ニフェジピン、アムロジピン、アラニジピン、アゼルニジピン、バルニジピン、ベニジピン、シルニジピン、クレビジピン、エホニジピン、フェロジピン、イスラジピン、ラシジピン、レルカニジピン、マニジピン、ニカルジピン、ニルバジピン、ニモジピン、ニソルジピン、ニトレンジピン、プラニジピンまたはジヒドロピリジン、クロニジピン、ダロジピン、デクスニグルジピン、エルゴジピン、エルナジピン、フロルジピン、フルニジピン、イガニジン、イスラジピン、レミルジピン、レバムロジピン、レブニグルジピン、ニグルジピン、ニルジピン、ニバジピン、オラジピン、オキソジピン、パロニジピン、リオジピン、サガンジピン、ソニジピン、テルジピン、チアムジピン、トロンボジピンもしくはバタニジピン、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、または、それらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物である、項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目6)
上記ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニストまたはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストは、ベタヒスチン、ベタゾール、インペンタミン、またはそれらの代謝物、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、または、それらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、水和物または溶媒和物である、項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目7)
上記β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストは、レバルブテロール、アルブテロール、アルブテロール塩酸塩、バンブテロール、ビトルテロール、クレンブテロール、フェノテロール、ホルモテロール、インダカテロール、イソプレナリン、メタプロテレノール、ピルブテロール、プロカテロール、リトドリン、サルブタモール、テルブタリン、ビランテロール、レバルブテロール塩酸塩、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、または、それらの薬学的に許容可能な塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物である、項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目8)
約1〜約900mg、約1〜約800mg、約1〜約600mg、約2〜約500mg、約10〜約300mg、約10〜約200mg、約10〜約100mg、または、10〜約80mgの範囲の量の上記ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤または上記アデノシン受容体アンタゴニスト(テオフィリンまたはアミノフィリン)を含む、項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目9)
約0.1〜約150mg、約0.1〜約100mg、約0.2〜約60mg、約1〜約30mg、約1〜約20mg、または、約1〜約10mgの範囲の量の上記カルシウムチャネル遮断剤(ニフェジピン)を含む項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目10)
約0.1〜約150mg、約0.1〜約100mg、約0.2〜約60mg、約0.5〜約30mg、約1〜約20mg、または、約1〜約10mgの範囲の量の上記ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、上記ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニスト、または、上記ヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニスト(ベタヒスチンまたはその代謝物)を含む、項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目11)
約0.01〜約60mg、約0.05〜約40mg、約0.05〜約20mg、約0.1〜約10mg、約0.1〜約5mg、または、約0.1〜2mgの範囲の量の上記β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニスト(レバルブテロールまたはアルブテロール)を含む、項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目12)
(i)重量比で約5〜約90%、または、約5〜約35%の範囲の量のテオフィリン、アミノフィリン、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、(ii)重量比で約1〜約20%、または、約1〜約5%の範囲の量のニフェジピンまたはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、(iii)重量比で約0.1〜約20%、または、約1〜約5%の範囲の量のベタヒスチン二塩酸塩、またはその代謝物、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、(iv)重量比で約0.01〜約5%、または、約0.1〜約0.5%の範囲の量のアルブテロール、レバルブテロール塩酸塩、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、および、(v)薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤を含む、項目1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目13)
上記医薬組成物は、単回投与または多回投与において、同時の、別個の、または、順次の用量を投与するために製剤化される、項目1から12のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目14)
上記医薬組成物は、静脈内または筋内投与に適するように製剤化される、項目1から13のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目15)
上記医薬組成物は、経口投与のための液体剤形または半固形剤形または固形剤形として製剤化される、項目1から14のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目16)
上記医薬組成物は、調節放出剤形、制御放出剤形、または、持続放出剤形として製剤化される、項目1から15のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目17)
被験者における徐脈の異常な心拍リズムを治療または改善するために使用され、上記使用は、それらを必要とする上記被験者に治療有効量の上記医薬組成物を投与することを含む、項目1から16のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目18)
被験者における心拍数、心拍出量または脳血流を増加させるために使用され、上記使用は、それらを必要とする上記被験者に治療有効量の上記医薬組成物を投与することを含む、項目1から16のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目19)
被験者における心血管疾患を治療または改善するために使用され、上記使用は、それらを必要とする上記被験者に治療有効量の上記医薬組成物を投与することを含む、項目1から16のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
(項目20)
上記心血管疾患は、徐脈、症候性洞徐脈、心室性徐脈、心房徐脈、心不整脈、心不全、心房遮断、接合部ブロックまたは房室ブロックである、項目19に記載の医薬組成物。
Claims (16)
- 徐脈を治療または改善するために使用される医薬組成物であって、(i)ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤またはアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストと、(ii)カルシウムチャネル遮断剤と、(iii)ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニストまたはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストと、(iv)β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストと、(V)薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤とを含み、注射または経口投与のための剤形で製剤化される、医薬組成物であって、
前記ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤または前記アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストは、テオフィリン、またはアミノフィリンであり、
前記カルシウムチャネル遮断剤は、ニフェジピンであり、
前記ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニストまたはヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストは、ベタヒスチンであり、
前記β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストは、レバルブテロール、またはアルブテロールである、
医薬組成物。 - 徐脈を治療または改善するために使用される医薬組成物であって、(i)ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤またはアデノシン受容体アンタゴニストと、(ii)カルシウムチャネル遮断剤と、(iv)β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストと、(v)薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤とを含み、注射または経口投与のための剤形で製剤化される、医薬組成物であって、
前記ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤または前記アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストは、テオフィリン、またはアミノフィリンであり、
前記カルシウムチャネル遮断剤は、ニフェジピンであり、
前記β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストは、レバルブテロール、またはアルブテロールである、
医薬組成物。 - 1または複数の種類の活性医薬組成物が重水素富化され(重水素富化率≧50%)、前記重水素富化された化合物は薬物動態の半減期を増加させ(作用の持続時間を増加させ)、用量の低減を可能にすることによって副作用を低減する、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 約1〜約900mg、約1〜約800mg、約1〜約600mg、約2〜約500mg、約10〜約300mg、約10〜約200mg、約10〜約100mg、または、10〜約80mgの範囲の量の前記ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤または前記アデノシン受容体アンタゴニストを含む、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 約0.1〜約150mg、約0.1〜約100mg、約0.2〜約60mg、約1〜約30mg、約1〜約20mg、または、約1〜約10mgの範囲の量の前記カルシウムチャネル遮断剤を含む請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 約0.1〜約150mg、約0.1〜約100mg、約0.2〜約60mg、約0.5〜約30mg、約1〜約20mg、または、約1〜約10mgの範囲の量の前記ヒスタミンH1受容体アゴニスト、前記ヒスタミンH2受容体アゴニスト、または、前記ヒスタミンH3受容体アンタゴニストを含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 約0.01〜約60mg、約0.05〜約40mg、約0.05〜約20mg、約0.1〜約10mg、約0.1〜約5mg、または、約0.1〜2mgの範囲の量の前記β2‐アドレナリン受容体アゴニストを含む、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- (i)重量比で約5〜約90%、または、約5〜約35%の範囲の量のテオフィリン、アミノフィリン、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、(ii)重量比で約1〜約20%、または、約1〜約5%の範囲の量のニフェジピンまたはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、(iii)重量比で約0.1〜約20%、または、約1〜約5%の範囲の量のベタヒスチン二塩酸塩、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、(iv)重量比で約0.01〜約5%、または、約0.1〜約0.5%の範囲の量のアルブテロール、レバルブテロール塩酸塩、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、および、(v)薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤を含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- (i)重量比で約5〜約90%、または、約5〜約35%の範囲の量のテオフィリン、アミノフィリン、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、(ii)重量比で約1〜約20%、または、約1〜約5%の範囲の量のニフェジピンまたはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、(iv)重量比で約0.01〜約5%、または、約0.1〜約0.5%の範囲の量のアルブテロール、レバルブテロール塩酸塩、またはそれらの同位体バリアント(同位体富化率≧50%)、および、(v)薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤を含む、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物は、単回投与または多回投与において、同時の、別個の、または、順次の用量を投与するために製剤化される、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物は、静脈内または筋内投与に適するように製剤化される、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物は、経口投与のための液体剤形または半固形剤形または固形剤形として製剤化される、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物は、調節放出剤形、制御放出剤形、または、持続放出剤形として製剤化される、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 被験者における徐脈の異常な心拍リズムを治療または改善するために使用され、前記使用は、それらを必要とする前記被験者に治療有効量の前記医薬組成物を投与することを含む、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 被験者における心拍数、または心拍出量を増加させるために使用され、前記使用は、それらを必要とする前記被験者に治療有効量の前記医薬組成物を投与することを含む、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 被験者における徐脈を治療または改善するために使用され、前記使用は、それらを必要とする前記被験者に治療有効量の前記医薬組成物を投与することを含む、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
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