JP6659081B2 - セパレータ、それを含むリチウム電池、該セパレータの製造方法及び該リチウム電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
セパレータ、それを含むリチウム電池、該セパレータの製造方法及び該リチウム電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6659081B2 JP6659081B2 JP2014231506A JP2014231506A JP6659081B2 JP 6659081 B2 JP6659081 B2 JP 6659081B2 JP 2014231506 A JP2014231506 A JP 2014231506A JP 2014231506 A JP2014231506 A JP 2014231506A JP 6659081 B2 JP6659081 B2 JP 6659081B2
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFDIRQKJPRINOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N transbutenic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC ZFDIRQKJPRINOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
図1を参照すれば、一具現例によるセパレータ10は、多孔性基材1の少なくとも一面上に、有機/無機複合(organic-inorganic hybrid)コーティング層2;及び前記有機/無機複合コーティング層2の表面上に、パターンコーティング層3;を含む。前記パターンコーティング層3は、平均直径が0.1mm以下であり互いに規則的に離隔されて配置された複数のコーティング領域からなるパターンを含む。
2;LiV2O5;LiZO2;LiNiVO4;Li3−fJ2(PO4)3(0≦f≦2);Li3−fFe2(PO4)3(0≦f≦2);及びLiFePO4の化学式のうちいずれか一つで表示される化合物が挙げられる。
また、ここに記載されていない内容は、当該技術分野の当業者であるならば、十分に技術的に類推することができるので、その説明を省略する。
コンデンサ、温度計、単量体乳化液導入管、窒素ガス導入管及び撹拌機を装着したフラスコ反応器の内部の空気を窒素に置き換え、軟水60重量部及びドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ソーダ1.5重量部をフラスコ反応器に添加し、70℃に昇温させた。次に、軟水40重量部、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム0.5重量部、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート30重量部、アクリロニトリル15重量部、イソボルニルアクリレート50重量部、メタクリル酸1重量部、アクリル酸1.5重量部、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート1.5重量部、エチレンジメタクリレート1重量部で構成された単量体乳化液の10%を反応器に添加し、5分間撹拌した後、過硫酸アンモニウムの5%水溶液10重量部を反応器に添加して反応を開始させた。1時間後、残りの前記単量体乳化液を3時間にわたって反応器に滴下させた。過硫酸アンモニウムの5%水溶液6重量部を、同時に3時間にわたって滴下させた。単量体乳化液体の滴下終了後、反応を2時間さらに続けさせた後、重合転換率は、98.2%であった。次に、得られた溶液を20℃に冷却し、減圧して残留単量体を除去し、pHを8に調整すると共に、固形分濃度を40重量%に調整し、アクリル酸エステル系高分子水系エマルジョン(平均粒径:120nmほど、重量平均分子量:1,000,000)を得た。
厚み12μmのポリエチレン多孔性基材(Asahi社)を準備した。平均粒径が50nmであるα−Al2O3粉末、及び前記製造例1によって得たアクリル酸エステル系高分子エマルジョンを97:3の重量の比率で混合した後、蒸溜水を添加し、前記アクリル酸エステル系高分子の固形分濃度が10重量%である分散液を調製した。前記分散液を、前記ポリエチレン多孔性基材の一面上に、マイクログラビアコータを利用して、4μm厚の層を形成するように塗布した。前記塗布層を、50℃のオーブンで4時間加熱乾燥させ、前記ポリエチレン多孔性基材の一面上に有機/無機複合コーティング層を形成させた。
厚み12μmのポリエチレン多孔性基材(Asahi社)を準備した。平均粒径が50nmであるα−Al2O3粉末、及び前記製造例1によって得たアクリル酸エステル系高分子エマルジョンを97:3の重量の比率で混合した後、蒸溜水を添加し、前記アクリル酸エステル系高分子の固形分濃度が10重量%である分散液を調製した。前記分散液を、前記ポリエチレン多孔性基材の一面上に、マイクログラビアコータを利用して、4μm厚の層を形成するように塗布した。前記塗布層を、50℃のオーブンで4時間加熱乾燥させ、前記ポリエチレン多孔性基材の一面上に有機/無機複合コーティング層を形成した。
厚み12μmのポリエチレン多孔性基材(Asahi社)を準備した。平均粒径が50nmであるα−Al2O3粉末、及び前記製造例1によって得たアクリル酸エステル系高分子エマルジョンを97:3の重量の比率で混合した後、蒸溜水を添加し、前記アクリル酸エステル系高分子の固形分濃度が10重量%である分散液を調製した。前記分散液を、前記ポリエチレン多孔性基材の一面上に、マイクログラビアコータを利用して、4μm厚の層を形成するように塗布した。前記塗布層を、50℃のオーブンで4時間加熱乾燥させ、前記ポリエチレン多孔性基材の一面上に有機/無機複合コーティング層を形成した。
[2−1.正極の製造]
LiCoO2粉末97.2重量部、バインダとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン1.5重量部、及び導電材としてカーボンブラック1.3重量部を、N−メチルピロリドン溶媒中に分散させてスラリーを調製した。前記スラリーを、ドクターブレード(ギャップ:170mm)を使用して、アルミニウム電極基材上に、145μmほどの厚みに塗布した。前記スラリーが塗布されたコーティングされたアルミニウム電極基材を、真空中100℃の条件で5.5時間熱処理して乾燥させ、ロールプレスで圧延し、正極活物質層が形成された正極板を製造した。その後、前記正極板を切り取り、横457mm及び縦65.5mmである帯状の正極を製造した。
グラファイト98重量部、バインダとしてスチレン−ブタジエンラバー1重量部、及び増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース1重量部を、N−メチルピロリドン溶媒中に分散させ、メノウ乳鉢で混合してスラリーを調製した。前記スラリーを、ドクターブレード(ギャップ:160mm)を使用して、銅集電体上に、140μmほどの厚みに塗布した。前記スラリーが塗布されたコーティングされた銅集電体を、145℃の真空オーブンで6.5時間熱処理して乾燥させ、ロールプレスで圧延し、負極活物質層が形成された負極板を製造した。その後、前記負極板を切り取り、横448mm及び縦66.5mmである帯状の負極を製造した。
前記実施例1によって製造されたセパレータを準備した。
前記2−1で製造された正極と、前記2−2で製造された負極との間に、実施例1で製造されたセパレータを介在させて、電極組立体を製造した。前記電極組立体を積層し、ヒートプレスを使用して110℃ほどの温度及び250kgfの圧力で50秒間プレスした。
実施例1で製造されたセパレータの代わりに、比較例1で製造されたセパレータを使用したことを除いては、実施例2と同一方法でリチウム電池を製造した
実施例1で製造されたセパレータの代わりに、比較例2で製造されたセパレータを使用したことを除いては、実施例2と同一方法でリチウム電池を製造した
実施例1、比較例1及び比較例2のセパレータ表面に対して走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)またはレーザ走査顕微鏡(LSM)を使用して、画像化実験を行った。その結果を、それぞれ図2ないし図4に示した。
実施例1、比較例1及び比較例2の各セパレータを正極上に積層させ、離型ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)で覆い包んだ後、120℃で50秒間熱圧着を行い、正極とセパレータとを接合した。前記正極と接合されたセパレータを、それぞれ幅20mm及び長さ60mmに切断した後、インストロン社の引っ張り強度試験機を利用した180度peel testを行い、実施例1、比較例1及び比較例2のセパレータを正極極板から引き離す力(gf/mm)、すなわち、セパレータと正極との接着力を測定するために、多孔性基材と正極極板との接着力、及び有機/無機複合コーティング層と正極極板との接着力をそれぞれ測定した。その結果を下記表1に示した。
写真を利用して、実施例2及び比較例3によるリチウム電池の外形における変形があるか否かを観察した。その結果を、それぞれ図6A及び図6Bに示した。
実施例1及び比較例1のセパレータをそれぞれ使用して製造された実施例2及び比較例3のリチウム電池を、25℃において、0.2C rateの電流で、電圧が4.2Vに至るまで定電流充電し、4.2Vを維持しながら、電流が0.01Cになるまで定電圧充電した。次に、放電時に電圧が3.05Vに至るまで、0.2Cの定電流で放電した(化成段階)。
<式1>
容量維持率(%)=[100回目サイクルでの放電容量/最初のサイクルでの放電容量]×100
2 有機/無機複合コーティング層
3 パターンコーティング層
100 リチウム電池
112 負極
10,113 セパレータ
114 正極
120 電池容器
140 密封部材
Claims (12)
- 多孔性基材の少なくとも一面上に、有機/無機複合コーティング層と、
前記有機/無機複合コーティング層の表面上に、パターンコーティング層と、を含み、
前記パターンコーティング層は、平均直径が0.1mm以下であり互いに規則的に離隔されて配置された複数のコーティング領域からなるパターンを含むセパレータであって、
前記パターンコーティング層のコーティング領域の総面積が、前記セパレータの総面積を基準にして、46%ないし70%であり、
前記パターンコーティング層のコーティング領域は、水系分散型高分子構造体を含む、
セパレータ。 - 前記パターンのコーティング領域の平均直径が、0.0001mmないし0.1mmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のセパレータ。
- 前記パターンコーティング層は、ドットパターンを形成する複数のコーティング領域が互いに規則的に離隔されて配置されたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のセパレータ。
- 前記パターンコーティング層のコーティング領域は、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレンプロピレン共重合体、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリスチレン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリメタクリレート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリイソプレン、ポリクロロプレン、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリアミド、ポリアクリレート、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレンオキシド、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体、ポリオキシエチレン、ポリオキシメチレン、ポリオキシプロピレン、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、アクリロニトリル−スチレン−アクリレート共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、アクリル化スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン共重合体、アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体、アクリルゴム、ブチルゴム、フッ素ゴム、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエピクロロヒドリン、ポリフォスファゼン、エチレンプロピレンジエン共重合体、ポリビニルピリジン、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレン、ポリスルホン、ポリビニルアルコール、熱可塑性ポリエステルゴム(PTEE)、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース及びジアセチルセルロースから選択された1種以上の高分子構造体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のセパレータ。
- 前記有機/無機複合コーティング層は、セラミックス及び高分子を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のセパレータ。
- 前記有機/無機複合コーティング層は、多孔性であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のセパレータ。
- 前記多孔性基材は、ポリオレフィン系多孔性基材であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のセパレータ。
- 正極と、
負極と、
前記正極及び負極の間に配置された請求項1〜7のうちいずれかに記載のセパレータと、を含むリチウム電池。 - 多孔性基材の少なくとも一面上に、有機/無機複合コーティング層を形成する段階と、
前記有機/無機複合コーティング層の表面上に、マイクログラビアコーティング法を利用して、パターンコーティング層を形成する段階と、を含み、
前記パターンコーティング層は、平均直径が0.1mm以下であり互いに規則的に離隔されて配置された複数のコーティング領域からなるパターンを含むセパレータの製造方法であって、
前記パターンコーティング層のコーティング領域の総面積が、前記セパレータの総面積を基準にして、46%ないし70%であり、
前記パターンコーティング層のコーティング領域は、水系分散型高分子構造体を含む、
セパレータの製造方法。 - 前記パターンのコーティング領域の平均直径が、0.0001mmないし0.1mmであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のセパレータの製造方法。
- 正極、負極、並びに前記正極及び負極の間に配置された請求項1〜7のうちいずれかに記載のセパレータを含む電極組立体を製造する段階と、
前記電極組立体を積層し、あるいは巻き取った後、熱圧着を行い、一体化された電極組立体を製造する段階と、
前記電極組立体に電解液を注入する段階と、を含むリチウム電池の製造方法。 - 前記熱圧着は、90℃ないし120℃の温度で行われることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のリチウム電池の製造方法。
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