JP6651227B2 - イオン交換分離膜、これを含む電気化学電池、フロー電池および燃料電池、およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
イオン交換分離膜、これを含む電気化学電池、フロー電池および燃料電池、およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
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- B01J39/18—Macromolecular compounds
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- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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Description
ナフィオン高分子膜を処理溶液に含浸して、イオンチャネルのスルホン酸基と下記A1またはB1の化合物とを表1のような濃度で反応させた。
実施例5、6および8で処理された高分子膜をそれぞれUV照射して吸収波長を観察した結果を、図6に示した。図6によれば、単分子A1から出る特性吸収peakが観察され、濃度に応じて吸収する特性peakが増加することが分かった。
XPS(X−ray photoelectron spectroscopy)
比較例および実施例5で処理された高分子膜に対するXPS(X−ray photoelectron spectroscopy)を測定した結果を、図7に示した。図7には、未処理分離膜の(a)survey scan spectrumおよび(b)C 1s、N 1s narrow scan spectrumと、実施例5で化学処理された高分子膜(A1_0.185)の(c)survey scan spectrum、および(d)C 1s、N 1s narrow scan spectrumが示されている。
バナジウムの透過度
文献(Journal of Power Sources、2011、196、482)を参照して自体製作した実験装置を用いて、時間によって透過したバナジウム4価イオン(V4+)の濃度を測定して、表3に示した。Fick’s diffusion lawにより分離膜のバナジウムイオン拡散係数を得るので、単位面積あたり、単位時間あたりのバナジウムの透過度を相対的に比較することができる。
X線透過実験(Transmission mode Small−Angle X−ray Scattering、T−SAXS)
X−ray線が高分子を透過するX線透過実験(Transmission mode Small−Angle X−ray Scattering、T−SAXS)で高分子の内部を分析した。試料は完全乾燥したフィルム(dry)と水に完全に含浸して長時間保管したフィルム(wet)を測定して、その結果を図8と表4−5に示した。
単電池の充放電評価
実施例5、6および8で処理された高分子膜を単電池により長期充放電(500回)評価して、図9および表6に示した。
単分子A1の濃度が0超過から0.75以下で処理された分離膜(0.185、0.375、0.75)は、長期単電池テストの結果、処理しなかった分離膜(Nafion115)に比べて、容量、容量減少、電荷効率[CE]、電圧効率[VE]、エネルギー効率[EE]とも優れていた。
[実験例6]
OCV(Open Circuit Voltage)測定
単電池充電後、時間によって電流や電圧の印加なしに電圧減少(1.70V→0.72V)を測定した。これは、バッテリの自己放電実験でレドックスフローバッテリの場合、バナジウムの透過度を電池に適用して調べることができる方法である。
20、21:触媒層
40、41:気体拡散層
50:カソード
51:アノード
60:スタック
70:酸化剤供給部
80:燃料供給部
81:燃料タンク
82:ポンプ
100:ハウジング
200:分離膜
400:アノード
500:カソード
410:アノード流入口
510:カソード流入口
420:アノード排出口
520:カソード排出口
Claims (14)
- イオン伝達基が備えられたイオンチャネルを有するイオン交換高分子膜において、
前記イオン交換高分子膜は、1または2以上のイオン伝達基が下記化学式1で表される化合物と形成した結合構造を含むものであるイオン交換高分子膜:
R1およびR2はそれぞれ、水素、アルキル基、またはスルホン酸基であり、
Lは、直接結合、−O−、−S−、−NH−、または−SO2−であり、
a1およびa3はそれぞれ、1または2であり、
a2およびa4はそれぞれ、0〜4の整数であり、
1≦a1+a2≦5で、1≦a3+a4≦5である。 - 前記イオン伝達基は、−NH3 +OH−および−SO3 −Xのうちのいずれか1つを含み、前記Xは、1価の陽イオンである、請求項1に記載のイオン交換高分子膜。
- 前記化学式1で表される化合物と−SO3 −Xである1または2以上のイオン伝達基とが結合構造をなす場合、前記結合構造は、下記化学式3〜7で表される結合構造のうちの少なくとも1つを含み、前記Xは、1価の陽イオンである、請求項2に記載のイオン交換高分子膜:
R3〜R6はそれぞれ、水素、アルキル基、またはスルホン酸基であり、
L1およびL2はそれぞれ、直接結合、−O−、−S−、−NH−、または−SO2−であり、
b1およびb3はそれぞれ、0または1であり、
b2およびb4はそれぞれ、0〜4の整数であり、
0≦b1+b2≦4で、0≦b3+b4≦4であり、
c1およびc2はそれぞれ、0〜3の整数であり、
c3は、1または2であり、c4は、0〜4の整数で、1≦c3+c4≦5であり、
c5は、0または1であり、c6は、0〜4の整数で、0≦c5+c6≦4であり、
- 前記化学式1で表される化合物と−NH3 +OH−である1または2以上のイオン伝達基とが結合構造をなす場合、前記結合構造は、下記化学式8〜12で表される結合構造のうちの少なくとも1つを含むものである、請求項2に記載のイオン交換高分子膜:
R3〜R6はそれぞれ、水素、アルキル基、またはスルホン酸基であり、
L1およびL2はそれぞれ、直接結合、−O−、−S−、−NH−、または−SO2−であり、
d1、d3およびd5はそれぞれ、1または2であり、
d2およびd4はそれぞれ、0〜3の整数であり、
d6は、0〜4の整数であり、
1≦d1+d2≦4で、1≦d3+d4≦4で、1≦d5+d6≦5であり、
e1、e3、e5およびd7はそれぞれ、1または2であり、
e2およびe4はそれぞれ、0〜2の整数であり、
e6は、0〜4の整数であり、
e8は、0〜3の整数であり、
1≦e1+e2≦3で、1≦e3+e4≦3であり、1≦e5+e6≦5で、1≦e7+e8≦4である。 - 前記化学式1で表される化合物の長さは、1nm以上4nm以下である、請求項1に記載のイオン交換高分子膜。
- 相対湿度(RH)100%または電解液に完全に濡れた状態(wet)で、前記イオン交換高分子膜のイオンチャネルの大きさは、5nm未満である、請求項1に記載のイオン交換高分子膜。
- 前記イオン交換高分子膜は、フッ素系イオン交換高分子膜、部分フッ素系イオン交換高分子膜、または炭化水素系イオン交換高分子膜である、請求項1に記載のイオン交換高分子膜。
- アノードと、カソードと、前記アノードとカソードとの間に備えられた請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のイオン交換分離膜とを含む電気化学電池。
- アノードと、カソードと、前記アノードとカソードとの間に備えられた請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のイオン交換分離膜とを含むフロー電池。
- アノードと、カソードと、前記アノードとカソードとの間に備えられた請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のイオン交換分離膜とを含む膜電極接合体。
- 請求項10に記載の膜電極接合体を含む燃料電池。
- イオン伝達基が備えられたイオンチャネルを有するイオン交換高分子膜を用意するステップと、
下記化学式1で表される化合物を含む組成物を用いて、前記イオン交換高分子膜の1または2以上のイオン伝達基が下記化学式1で表される化合物と結合構造を形成するステップとを含むものであるイオン交換高分子膜の製造方法:
R1およびR2はそれぞれ、水素、アルキル基、またはスルホン酸基であり、
Lは、直接結合、−O−、−S−、−NH−、または−SO2−であり、
a1およびa3はそれぞれ、1または2であり、
a2およびa4はそれぞれ、0〜4の整数であり、
1≦a1+a2≦5で、1≦a3+a4≦5である。 - 前記結合構造を形成するステップは、前記化学式1で表される化合物を含む組成物に、前記イオン交換高分子膜を含浸させるステップを含むものである、請求項12に記載のイオン交換高分子膜の製造方法。
- 前記イオン交換高分子膜のイオン伝達基と、前記組成物内における化学式1で表される化合物とのモル比は、1:0.05以上1:0.7以下である、請求項12に記載のイオン交換高分子膜の製造方法。
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