JP6647042B2 - 寄生性、病原性又は雑草生物系の核酸を含む、前記系の増殖を阻害及び/又は制御するための組成物 - Google Patents
寄生性、病原性又は雑草生物系の核酸を含む、前記系の増殖を阻害及び/又は制御するための組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
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Description
最初の実験は、ハアザミ及びコショウソウ植物で実施し、後者の種は毒素に特に感受性であるため選択した。アカンサス(ハアザミ)及びオランダガラシ(コショウソウ)のDNAは2つの種の葉からの直接抽出により得、蒸留水中で保存した。引き続いて、ペトリ皿(直径9cm)中のハアザミ又はコショウソウの以前に滅菌した種子10個を1枚の滅菌濾紙に置く。各種の種子を2、20及び200ppmの濃度で2つの種のDNAにより別々に処理する一方、滅菌水を対照に添加した。2つの種の発芽及び総根長を、24℃、7日間のインキュベーション後に根の観察及び測定により定量化した。各処理は3回繰り返した。
第2の実験は、10種の天然の環境植物の発芽及び根の成長の分析に関する。クエルクス・イレックス、クエルクス・プベスケンス、ヘデラ・ヘリックス、アンペロデスマ・モーリタニカ、フェスツカ・ドリメジャ、コロニラ・エメルス、メディカゴ・マリナ、アルヌス・コルダタ、ニセアカシア、アレッポマツ植物の表面滅菌種子を、500ppmの濃度で適用した全ての種のDNAで別々に処理した。簡潔には、ペトリ皿(直径9cm)中で各種の種子10個を1枚の滅菌濾紙上に置く。500ppmの濃度で種々のDNAを皿に添加したのに対し、滅菌水のみを対照に添加した。該種の種子の発芽及び総根長を、24℃、7日間のインキュベーション後に根の観察及び測定により定量化した。各処理は3回繰り返した。図3に報告された結果(上記に報告された種々の種において実施した試験の平均)は、自己DNAへの曝露に起因する発芽の阻害、及び非相同DNAの存在下の阻害の欠如を示す図である。
第3の実験は、同じ種から抽出された核酸による様々な植物種に対する毒性の、やはり発芽及び根の成長試験による評価に関する。シロイヌナズナ、トマト、コショウソウ及びレンズマメのDNAを、それぞれの植物からの直接抽出により得、蒸留水中で保存した。引き続いて、各種の以前に滅菌した種子10個をペトリ皿(直径9cm)中で滅菌濾紙からの1枚に置く。各植物の種子を2、20及び200ppmの濃度で4つの種のDNAにより別々に処理する一方、滅菌水を対照に添加した。実験は、制御条件下及び完全無菌下で生育室で実施した。4つの種の発芽及び総根長を、24℃、7日間のインキュベーション後に根の観察及び測定により定量化した。各処理は3回繰り返した。4つの種は類似の挙動を示し、自己DNAの存在下では注目すべき阻害効果を、他の種のDNAの存在下では効果の欠如を示した。阻害効果は、DNA濃度に正に相関することが判明した。例示目的のために、自己DNA及びトマトDNAの存在下でのシロイヌナズナをそれぞれ報告する。シロイヌナズナにおける類似の阻害結果は、この種の種子が、PCR法を用いて同じDNAの断片の増幅により得られた同じ種のDNAに曝露される場合に観察される。
第4の実験は、細胞増殖に対する、自己DNA及び他の真菌、すなわちトリコデルマ・ハルジアナムから単離されたDNAの効果を推定するために、クロコウジカビ真菌で実施した。クロコウジカビの胞子を、寒天処理基質(PDA、ポテトデキストロース寒天)における実験室での純粋培養により得る。胞子を無菌条件下で除去し、1×106胞子/mlの濃度で希釈した。発芽実験は、96ウェルELISAプレート中の液体基質(PDB 10%)で実施した。比較処理を、非相同なものとして使用したトリコデルマ・ハルジアナムのDNAを用いて実施したのに対し、対照は処理しなかった。両方の種から抽出されたDNAは、100及び1000ppmの濃度で適用した。簡潔には、100μlの総容積を有する各ウェルに、別々に異なる濃度の前記2つのDNAを、10μlの液体栄養基質(PDB、ポテトデキストロースブロス)、滅菌水及びクロコウジカビ胞子と共に添加した。胞子の発芽及び胚芽管の長さを、24℃、20時間のインキュベーション後に、分光光度読み取り及び光学顕微鏡により定量化した。図5に報告された結果は、クロコウジカビの胞子の発芽及び菌糸増殖に対する注目すべき阻害効果を、このような真菌が自己DNAに曝露された場合にのみ示している。
第5の実験は、生活環に対する自己DNAの効果を推定するためにサルコファガ・カルナリア昆虫で実施した。サルコファガ・カルナリア双翅目の幼虫を、10℃の温度で実験室純粋培養で成長させ、ひき肉を給餌した。DNA毒性の実験は、正方形のプラスチックプレート(サイズ12×12cm、高さ2cm)中で実施した。比較処理を、非相同DNAとして使用した枯草菌及びコショウソウのDNAを用いて実施した。対照として、他の処理を加えないひき肉のみを使用した。双翅目及び他の2つの種抽出DNAを、ミキサー撹拌下、2、20及び200ppmの濃度でひき肉に添加した。簡潔には、DNAを各プレートに1gのひき肉と共に撹拌して様々な濃度で添加した。プレートを暗所で21日間、10℃でインキュベートした。発育、生存及び蛹の形成に要した時間を、21日間のインキュベーションにわたり3日ごとにモニターする。対照条件下の幼虫、及び非相同DNAで処理した幼虫は、正常な生活環を示した。反対に、自己DNAへの曝露は、生活環を阻害し、処理濃度に比例して幼虫の死をもたらした。図6及び7は、上記の結果を報告するものである。
抗生剤としての核酸の使用可能性を実証するために、様々な濃度で自己DNAにより処理した枯草菌に対する毒性の評価を実施した。実験は、10μlの枯草菌前培養液を植菌した4mlのLB(ルリアブロス)を増殖基質として用いて行った。処理は、4、40、及び400ppmの最終濃度の枯草菌DNAの存在下での培養液の調製から構成された。培養液を35℃、24時間、撹拌下でインキュベートし、処理を3回繰り返した。24時間のインキュベーション後、各試験管から0.5mlを除去し、LB培地に連続希釈し、これから100マイクロリットルの寒天処理LB培地をペトリ皿に播種した。プレートを、コロニーの出現(CFU−コロニー形成単位)まで28℃でインキュベートした。図8に報告された結果は、処理への反応としてCFUの注目すべき濃度依存的減少を示している。
殺真菌剤としての核酸の使用可能性及びこの作用特異性を実証するために、トリコデルマ・ハルジアナム真菌における胞子の発芽に関する実験を実施した。トリコデルマ・ハルジアナムの胞子は、寒天処理基質(PDA、ポテトデキストロース寒天)における純粋実験室培養により得た。胞子を無菌条件下で除去し、1×106胞子/mlの濃度で希釈した。発芽実験は、96ウェルELISAプレート中の液体基質(PDB 10%)で実施した。処理は、トリコデルマ属の同じ種、又は真菌(クロコウジカビ)の種々の種、昆虫(サルコファガ・カルナリア)、又は細菌(枯草菌)から抽出された相同又は非相同DNAで実施した。種々の種から抽出されたDNAを、8、80及び800ppmの濃度で適用した。簡潔には、100μlの総容積を有する各ウェルに、別々に異なる濃度のDNAを、10μlの液体栄養基質(PDB、ポテトデキストロースブロス)、滅菌水及びトリコデルマ胞子と共に添加した。胞子の発芽及び胚芽管の長さを、24℃、20時間のインキュベーション後に、分光光度読み取り及び光学顕微鏡により定量化した。
殺藻剤製品としてのDNA使用可能性を実証するために、最適対照条件及び自己DNA存在下、セネデスムス・オブリクス緑藻の増殖試験を培養基質(CHU#10)で実施した。処理は、2つの異なる濃度(50及び500ppm)で実施し、2回繰り返した。図10は、藻の増殖動態を示し、非曝露対照と比較した相同なDNAの注目すべき濃度依存的阻害効果を示している。
抗原虫剤製品としてのDNA使用可能性を実証するために、実験をモジホコリ原虫で実施した。実験材料として、「Carolina Biological Supply」から製造された培養キットを使用した。生物の運動に有利に働くように、培養はウォーター寒天を含むペトリ皿で開始した。養分として、オートムギフレークを使用した。最初のバルク培養は20個のプレートで実施し、15日後に製造された原生動物バイオマスを回収し、Quiagenキットを用いるDNA抽出のために使用した。連続実験は、ウォーター寒天を充填した3枚のペトリ皿の調製、この2枚への少量のオートムギフレークの添加(対照用の一方は5mlの蒸留水で湿らせ、他方は濃度200ppmの原虫のDNAを含む水5mlを添加)から成った。実験を、添加したDNAが細菌(枯草菌)及び昆虫(サルコファガ・カルナリア)由来である変形形態でもう2回繰り返した。実験結果は、同じ原虫のDNAで処理した基質におけるモジホコリの増殖の欠如を示したのに対し、該生物は、対照条件下又は非相同DNA存在下で増殖の差を示さなかった。
自己DNAに曝露された場合の種々の種に対する阻害効果について上記に報告された実証試験を考慮して、最適栄養基質存在下でも増殖減速状態が生じる場合の、高密度の細胞培養液を有するバイオリアクター及び光バイオリアクターにおける増殖基質中の細胞外DNA存在に関して、成品分析を実施した。試験は、指数増殖期、減速期及び定常期におけるバイオリアクター中の種々の培養液の液体上清のサンプリングを伴った。分析は、サッカロマイセス・セレヴィシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)酵母、枯草菌細菌及びフェオダクチラム(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)及びセネデスムス・オブリクス微細藻類の培養液に関した。3000rpmで15分間、2サイクルの遠心分離により得られた細胞培養上清の試料を、見込まれる細胞残渣を分離するために分析し、次いでSyber−Safeによる処理後のゲル電気泳動、及び蛍光評価に供した。図11は、幾つかのこれらの分析の結果を示しており、このことからバイオリアクターの液体基質への細胞外DNAの蓄積は明白である。この蓄積は、種々の細胞培養液の増殖の減速、及び定常期の到達に明らかに関連するものである(図11A及び11B)。図11Cは、化学的物理的手順による培養培地からの細胞外DNAの除去と、これに続くリアクターへの再生基質の導入が、阻害効果の排除、及び結果的な細胞培養増殖の復元をもたらすことを明らかに示している。
Claims (10)
- 植物、真菌、昆虫、ダニ、線虫、藻類/微細藻類、原虫、及び細菌からなる群から選択される標的種を阻害する非治療的方法であって、
抽出された全DNAのランダム断片化によって、あるいは全DNAから開始するランダム断片合成によって得られるDNAを含む組成物を、該標的種に曝露することを含み、
該全DNAが、該標的種のものか、系統的類似種由来のものであり、
ここで、系統的類似種は、抽出された全DNAのランダム断片化によって、あるいは全DNAから開始するランダム断片合成によって得られる、そのDNAが標的種を阻害する種であり、
前記DNAは、50から1000bpサイズ範囲にあるDNAを含む、
上記方法。 - 前記阻害される種が、病原種、寄生種若しくははびこる種(infesting species)から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、除草剤、殺真菌剤、殺虫剤、殺ダニ剤、殺線虫剤、抗原虫剤、殺藻剤又は殺菌剤組成物から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 殺真菌剤、殺虫剤、殺線虫剤、殺ダニ剤、殺節足動物剤、殺菌剤、殺藻剤から成る群から選択される駆除剤化合物を制御される種に曝露することをさらに含む、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 病原種、寄生種若しくははびこる種(infesting species)から選択される標的種に対する治療処置における使用のための、
抽出された全DNAのランダム断片化によって、あるいは全DNAから開始するランダム断片合成によって得られるDNAを含む組成物であって、
該全DNAが、該標的種のものか、系統的類似種由来のものであり、
ここで、系統的類似種は、抽出された全DNAのランダム断片化によって、あるいは全DNAから開始するランダム断片合成によって得られる、そのDNAが標的種を阻害する種であり、
該使用において、抽出された全DNAのランダム断片化によって、あるいは全DNAから開始するランダム断片合成によって得られるDNAが該標的種を阻害する製品として使用され、
前記DNAは、50から1000bpサイズ範囲にあるDNAを含む、
上記組成物。 - さらに殺真菌剤、殺虫剤、殺線虫剤、殺ダニ剤、殺節足動物剤、又は殺菌剤から成る群から選択される駆除剤化合物を含む、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 植物、真菌、昆虫、ダニ、線虫、藻類/微細藻類、原虫、及び細菌からなる群から選択される標的種の阻害用薬剤の製造における、抽出された全DNAのランダム断片化によって、あるいは全DNAから開始するランダム断片合成によって得られるDNAの使用であって、
ここで、抽出された全DNAのランダム断片化によって、あるいは全DNAから開始するランダム断片合成によって得られる該DNAが、該標的種のものか、系統的類似種由来のものであり、そして
系統的類似種は、抽出された全DNAのランダム断片化によって、あるいは全DNAから開始するランダム断片合成によって得られる、そのDNAが標的種を阻害する種であり、
該使用において、抽出された全DNAのランダム断片化によって、あるいは全DNAから開始するランダム断片合成によって得られるDNAが該標的種の阻害剤として使用され、
前記DNAは、50から1000bpサイズ範囲にあるDNAを含む、
上記使用。 - 薬剤が、抗病原、抗寄生若しくは抗はびこる種用薬剤(anti-infesting agent)として使用される、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 薬剤が、除草剤、殺真菌剤、殺虫剤、殺ダニ剤、殺線虫剤、抗原虫剤、殺藻剤又は殺菌剤として使用される、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 薬剤が殺真菌剤、殺虫剤、殺線虫剤、殺ダニ剤、殺節足動物剤、殺菌剤、殺藻剤から成る群から選択される駆除剤化合物を更に含む、請求項7から9のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
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