JP6613380B2 - クロモン誘導体の上皮間葉移行抑制活性を利用した線維症予防及び治療用医薬組成物としての新規用途 - Google Patents
クロモン誘導体の上皮間葉移行抑制活性を利用した線維症予防及び治療用医薬組成物としての新規用途 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の医薬組成物は、生体の器官または組織の線維化による疾患の中でも、特発性肺線維症(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)、骨髄線維症(myelofibrosis)、肝線維症(liver fibrosis)及び腎臓線維症(kidney fibrosis)よりなる群から選択された疾患の予防及び治療に特に効果的であり得る。
クロモン誘導体
本実施例では、2−(3,4−ジメトキシフェニル)−5,7−ジヒドロキシ−6−メトキシ−クロモン(化学式2)(オイパチリン)、2−(3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル)−5,7−ジヒドロキシ−6−メトキシ−クロモン(化学式3)(以下、「ONGI300」という。)、5,7−ジヒドロキシ−2−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−6−メトキシ−クロモン(化学式5)(以下、「ONGE200」という。)、5−ヒドロキシ−2−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−6,7−ジメトキシ−クロモン(化学式6)(以下、「ONGC200」という。)、及び2−(3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル)−5−ヒドロキシ−6,7−ジメトキシ−クロモン(化学式7)(以下、「ONGH200」という。)を含んで、オウゴニンなど、化学式8乃至14のクロモン誘導体を使用した。
DEC2は、EMTの調節因子であるTwist及びSlugの転写抑制因子として知られている。本発明者は、DEC2の発現が増加すると、Twist及びSlugなどのEMT調節因子の転写が抑制され、これによりEMTが抑制されるので、組織の線維化が抑制されるものと判断した。
前記実施例1から、オイパチリンがDEC2の発現を増加させることを確認したので、オイパチリンが線維化を抑制することの可能性を確認することができた。これを基に、実際の動物モデルを用いて、オイパチリンが実際に組織線維化を抑制することができるか否かを確認した。
クロモン誘導体が肝線維化に及ぼす影響を確認するために、HSCを製作し、ここにTGF−βを処理して肝線維化が誘導される過程でクロモン誘導体の効果を確認した。
C57BL/6マウスの肝組織を取り外した後、単細胞懸濁液(single cell suspension)を作って継続的な培養を介して無限に増殖する細胞を得、RT−PCR(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction)、IHC(immunohistochemistry)、FACS(fluorescence-activated cell sorting)実験によってHSC類の間葉幹細胞(mesenchymal stem cell、MSC)の細胞株であることを確認した。この細胞株をONGHEPA1と命名し、韓国生命工学研究院の生物資源センター(KCTC)に寄託して受託番号(KCTC13086BP)を付与された。
HSCは、肝線維症に密接な関連がある。HSCが筋線維芽細胞に転換され、EMT(Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition)に関与する様々なタンパク質を分泌することにより、肝線維化が生じる。よって、HSC類の間葉幹細胞は、非常に優れた肝線維化モデルになることができる。
肝線維化の最も重要な原因細胞はHSCである。HSCは、複数の細胞に分化され、それらの一つが筋線維芽細胞(myofibroblast)である。また、HSCは、多量の細胞外基質タンパク質(extracellular matrix protein、ECM)を細胞の間に分泌して細胞の動きを鈍化させる。コラーゲンα1(Collagen α1)が最も多いECMタンパク質である。同時に、線維芽細胞にαSMアクチニン(alpha smooth muscle actinin)が過発現して細胞骨格を硬化させる。
上記の3−2からONGHEPA1細胞の線維化特性を確認し、これを基にオイパチリンの効果を分析するための実験を行った。
また、前述したようなオイパチリンの効果がオイパチリンのEMTに対する影響によるものであるかを確認するために、各実験群で24時間培養した細胞を対象に、ECMであるCol1(type1 Collagen)、Vim(Vimentin)及びTwistの発現様相を実時間RT−PCRによって確認した結果、図10に示すように、TGF−βの処理により線維化が誘導されてEMT調節因子の発現が増加する一方で、オイパチリンの処理によりそれらの発現が抑制されることが分かった。
前述したような結果は、オイパチリンが線維化疾患、特に肝線維症の効果的な治療剤として使用できるということを明確に裏付ける。
実施例3−3と同様の方法でオイパチリン以外の様々なクロモン誘導体の線維化に対する効果を調べた。ONGHEPA1細胞を培養しながらTGF−βを処理して線維化を誘導するが、培養液上に50μMの濃度でクロモン誘導体を添加した。
前述したような線維症治療効果に対するメカニズムを調べるために、DMSOを処理したONGHEPA1細胞(対照群)、TGF−βの処理により線維化が誘導されたONGHEPA1細胞、及びTGF−βとオイパチリンを一緒に処理したONGHEPA1細胞のグローバル遺伝子発現様相を調べた。
2)対照群ONGHEPA1細胞株に特異的に発現する遺伝子の数:628個
3)TGF−β処理時に特異的に発現する遺伝子の数:169個
4)TGF−βとオイパチリン処理時に特異的に発現する遺伝子の数:150個
5)TGF−β処理群及びTGF−β+オイパチリン処理群に共通して発現する遺伝子の数:657個
6)対照群及びTGF−β処理群に共通して発現する遺伝子の数:171個
7)対照群及びTGF−β+オイパチリン処理群に共通して発現する遺伝子の数:188個
これにより、ONGHEPA1細胞株にTGF−βを処理すると、826(=169+657)個の遺伝子の発現が誘導されてEMTプログラムが活性化され、これにオイパチリンを処理すると、338(=150+188)個の遺伝子の発現がさらに誘導されてEMTプログラムを本来の状態に逆転させる分化転換(trans-differentiation)が発生することが分かった。
Troponin I1 & Troponin I2、Tropomyosin 2、Transgelin、α2 smooth muscle actin、Myosin heavy chain 9 & 11、Leiomodin 1、γ2 smooth muscle acitin、Laminin subunit α4
<ハブII.コラーゲンプロテオームハブ>
Collagen 4 α5 & α6、Collagen 5 α1 & α3、Collagen 6 α3、Collagen 8 α1 & α5、Collagen 11 α1、Collagen 12 α1、Collagen 15 α1
<ハブIII.cell cycleプロテオームハブ−1>
Cyclin B1、Gadd45a、Cyclin F、ASPM、NIMA−related kinase(Nek2)、Optineurin
<ハブIV.Cell Cycleプロテオームハブ−2>
Cyclin D1、Cdk14、C−Fos、Junb、CCL2、CCL7
<ハブV.CD44関連プロテオームハブ>
Cd44、Hypoxia Up−Regulated 1(Hyou1)、Ncam、Calreticulin、Immunity−Related GTPase M(Irgm1)、Parp4、Parp9、Pdia4 & Pdia6
<ハブVI.Fibrillinプロテオームハブ>
Efemp2(EGF Containing Fibulin−Like Extracellular Matrix Protein 2)、Fibrillin 5(Fbn5)、Fibrillin 2(Fbn2)、Elastin(Eln)、Fibrillin 1(Fbn1)
<ハブVII.Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2プロテオームハブ>
RAR Related Orphan Receptor A(Rora)、Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2(Npas2)、Serpine 1、Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2(Tgfb2)、Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D(Figf)
<ハブVIII.Semaphorin & Vldr受容体プロテオームハブ>
Plexin D1、Semaphorin 3E、Semaphorin 3A、Neuropilin 1、Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor、Nerve Growth Factor(Ngf)
<TGF−β−Eupatilin Interactomeの主要ネットワークノード>
Integrin α1、Integrin β3、Integrin β4、Protein kinase α、Lef1、Slug、Cadherin 1(=E−Cadherin)、Adenylate cyclase 9、Spp1(=Osteopointin)、Fibrilin 1、Dedicator of cytokinesis 1(Dock1)、Syk2、Notch4など
前述したような結果は、オイパチリンがTGF−β処理で誘導されるEMTプログラムを逆転させ、このときのメカニズムは、8つのEMTプロテオームハブ、すなわち細胞骨格プロテオームハブ(I)、コラーゲンプロテオームハブ(II)、Cell cycleプロテオームハブ−1(III)、Cell cycleプロテオームハブ−2(IV)、CD44関連プロテオームハブ(V)、Fibrillinプロテオームハブ(VI)、TGF−β2プロテオームハブ(VII)、並びにSemaphorin及びVldr受容体プロテオームハブ(VIII)の生成と消滅からなり、integrin α1、intergrin β3、protein kinase Cα、Snali2、Kdr、Ecadherin、adenylate cyclase 9が重要なノードとしてネットワーク接続されることを示す。
前記実施例4でのグローバル遺伝子発現様相の調査結果に基づいて、ONGHEPA1細胞においてTGF−β処理によって発現が誘導され、ここにオイパチリンを処理した場合に発現が退行する遺伝子、すなわち、TGF−β処理群とオイパチリン処理群との間に発現差が現れる遺伝子のうち、TGF−β処理で発現が大きく増加してからオイパチリン処理でほとんど発現しない程度に大きな変化を示す遺伝子を選別した。
その結果を下記表2及び表5の103個の遺伝子が選別された。
そこで、まず、本発明のクロモン誘導体のうちオイパチリンのDEC2発現調節可能性を調べた結果、オイパチリンがDEC2のmRNA発現を大きく増加させることが確認され、オイパチリンの線維症治療可能性を発見した(図2参照)。
また、総mRNA分析結果のうち、特に発現差の大きい遺伝子を分析した結果、103個の遺伝子の発現がTGF−β処理線維化誘導により大幅に増加し、オイパチリン処理で線維化が抑制されながら、ほとんど発現されない程度に差異があることを発見することができた。すなわち、これらの遺伝子はオイパチリンの標的遺伝子であるといえる。これらの遺伝子はまた、ほとんどEMTに関与する因子であり、既存の研究結果から、線維化における重要な因子として知られているものであった(表2乃至表5参照)。
特にFollistatin−like 1(Fstl1)遺伝子の場合、この遺伝子の発現を抑制させると、ブレオマイシンで肺線維化を誘導しても、ほとんど肺線維化しないという研究結果(Dongetal., 2015)があったが、オイパチリンがこのようなFstl1の発現をほぼゼロに近く抑制するという結果は、オイパチリンの肺線維化治療効果をより明確に説明するものであり、上述したような仮説と共に、オパチリンが強力な線維症治療剤になれることを裏付ける。
寄託機関名:韓国生命工学研究院
受託番号:KCTC 13086BP
受託日:2016年8月25日
Claims (1)
- 2−(3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル)−5,7−ジヒドロキシ−6−メトキシ−クロモン、5,7−ジヒドロキシ−2−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−6−メトキシ−クロモン、5−ヒドロキシ−2−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−6,7−ジメトキシ−クロモン、2−(3,4−ジヒドロキシフェニル)−5−ヒドロキシ−6,7−ジメトキシ−クロモン及びそれらの薬学的に許容される塩から選択された化合物を有効成分として含有する、肺線維症(pulmonary fibrosis)及び肝線維症(liver fibrosis)の予防及び治療用医薬組成物。
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