JP6606427B2 - 導電性高分子分散液、導電性フィルムおよびフィルム、ならびに該フィルムの製造方法 - Google Patents
導電性高分子分散液、導電性フィルムおよびフィルム、ならびに該フィルムの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6606427B2 JP6606427B2 JP2015253017A JP2015253017A JP6606427B2 JP 6606427 B2 JP6606427 B2 JP 6606427B2 JP 2015253017 A JP2015253017 A JP 2015253017A JP 2015253017 A JP2015253017 A JP 2015253017A JP 6606427 B2 JP6606427 B2 JP 6606427B2
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- conductive polymer
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- MPKQTNAUFAZSIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=CSC=C1O MPKQTNAUFAZSIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC SWZDQOUHBYYPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCN QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
- Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
本発明の実施の形態に係る導電性高分子分散液は、(a)π共役系導電性高分子と、(b)ポリアニオンと、(c)芳香族スルホ基含有モノマーと、(d)アミン化合物と、(e)溶剤とを含む。
この実施の形態に係る導電性高分子分散液は、好適には、π共役系導電性高分子とそれにドープしたポリアニオンとの複合体(導電性高分子)を溶剤に分散させた第一の液と、芳香族スルホ基含有モノマーとアミン化合物とを含む第二の液とを混合して製造可能である。
π共役系導電性高分子/ポリアニオン複合体を分散させた水分散体は、π共役系導電性高分子用のモノマーとドーパントとが共存した水溶液または水分散体の状態に、酸化剤の存在下で重合を行うことで容易に得られる。ただし、このようなモノマーからの重合のみならず、市販のπ共役系導電性高分子/ドーパント複合体の水分散体を用いても良い。市販のπ共役系導電性高分子/ドーパント複合体の水分散体としては、例えば、Heraeus社のPEDOT/PSS複合体の水分散体(商品名: Clevios)、アグファ社のPEDOT/PSS複合体の水分散体(商品名: Orgacon)などを挙げることができる。導電性高分子分散液は、芳香族スルホ基含有モノマーとアミン化合物との混合液に、上記水分散体を添加して得られる。その後、好適には、水を加えて塗料と成して使用する。
溶剤中に、凍結乾燥されたπ共役系導電性高分子/ポリアニオン複合体の固形物を入れ、さらに、そこに芳香族スルホ基含有モノマーとアミン化合物との混合液を入れ、導電性高分子分散液を得ても良い。
(a)π共役系導電性高分子
π共役系導電性高分子は、主鎖がπ共役系で構成されている有機高分子であれば、何らの限定もなく用いることができる。例えば、ポリピロール類、ポリチオフェン類、ポリアセチレン類、ポリフェニレン類、ポリフェニレンビニレン類、ポリアニリン類、ポリアセン類、ポリチオフェンビニレン類、およびこれらの内の2以上の共重合体を好適に挙げることができる。重合の容易性、空気中における安定性の観点では、特に、ポリピロール類、ポリチオフェン類あるいはポリアニリン類を好適に用いることができる。π共役系導電性高分子は、無置換のままでも、十分に高い導電性およびバインダへの相溶性を示すが、導電性、バインダへの分散性若しくは溶解性をより高めるためには、アルキル基、アルケニル基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、アルコキシル基、ヒドロキシル基、シアノ基などの官能基が導入されても良い。
ポリアニオンは、アニオン性化合物であれば、特に制約無く用いることができる。アニオン性化合物とは、分子中に、π共役系導電性高分子への化学酸化ドーピングが起こりうるアニオン基を有する化合物である。アニオン基としては、製造の容易さおよび高い安定性の観点から、リン酸基、カルボキシ基、スルホ基、などが好ましい。これらのアニオン基の内、π共役系導電性高分子へのドープ効果に優れる理由から、スルホ基あるいはカルボキシ基がより好ましい。
芳香族スルホ基含有モノマーとしては、ベンゼンスルホン酸またはその誘導体、ナフタレンスルホン酸またはその誘導体、アントラキノンスルホン酸またはその誘導体などを例示できる。
アミン化合物としては、特に制限されずに如何なる種類のものでも用いることができ、ポリアニオンのアニオン基に配位もしくは結合することができるものであればより好ましく用いることができる。ここで、「配位もしくは結合する」とは、ポリアニオンとアミン化合物とが電子を互いに供与/受容することにより、それらの分子間距離が短くなる結合形態のことである。アミン化合物としては、分子内に窒素原子を有する化合物が挙げられる。具体的には、1級アミン、2級アミン、3級アミン、芳香族アミンが挙げられる。
溶剤として、水、有機溶剤あるいはそれらの混合液のいずれを用いることもできる。分散媒は、環境負荷を小さくする点では、水の含有割合を80質量%以上とすることが好ましく、90質量%とすることがより好ましい。また、押出成形によりシート基材を連続作製しながら、そのシート基材に導電性高分子分散液を連続塗工する、いわゆるインライン塗工を適用した場合には、特に、分散媒における水の含有割合を80質量%以上とすることが好ましい。分散媒における水の含有割合を80質量%以上であれば、導電性高分子分散液が引火点を有さなくなるため、有機溶媒を排気するための大掛かりな排気設備を必要としない。溶剤の一部若しくは全部に有機溶剤を用いる場合には、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ヘキサメチレンホスホニウムトリアミド、アセトニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等に代表される極性溶媒; クレゾール、フェノール、キシレノール等に代表されるフェノール類; メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等に代表されるアルコール類; アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等に代表されるケトン類; 酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸ブチル等に代表されるエステル類; ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等に代表される炭化水素類; ギ酸、酢酸等に代表されるカルボン酸; エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等に代表されるカーボネート化合物; ジオキサン、ジエチルエーテル等に代表されるエーテル化合物; エチレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジアルキルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールジアルキルエーテル等に代表される鎖状エーテル類; 3−メチル−2−オキサゾリジノン等に代表される複素環化合物; アセトニトリル、グルタロジニトリル、メトキシアセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等に代表されるニトリル化合物などを好適に選択できる。これらの有機溶剤は、単独で用いても良く、あるいは2種以上を混合して用いても良い。
この実施の形態に係る導電性高分子分散液は、例えば、該導電性高分子分散液から形成される導電性フィルムの耐久性および透明性の向上、基材との密着性向上などを目的として、バインダ樹脂、あるいは硬化してバインダ樹脂を形成可能な硬化性バインダ組成物を含んでいても良い。バインダ樹脂は、熱硬化性樹脂であってもよく、あるいは熱可塑性樹脂であってもよい。バインダとしては、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート等のポリエステル; ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリアミド6、ポリアミド6,6、ポリアミド12、ポリアミド11等のポリアミド; ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニル等のビニル樹脂; エポキシ樹脂; オキセタン樹脂; キシレン樹脂; アラミド樹脂; ポリイミドシリコーン; ポリウレタン; ポリウレア; メラミン樹脂; フェノール樹脂; ポリエーテル; アクリル樹脂; シリコーン樹脂; およびこれらの共重合体等が挙げられる。これら例示のバインダの中でも、基材との密着性が高いことから、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、メラミン樹脂、オキセタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂が好ましい。バインダ樹脂は、エマルジョンの形態で導電性高分子分散液中に混合されるのが好ましい。その場合、バインダ樹脂としては、特に、ポリエステル系エマルジョンとして含まれるのが好ましい。
導電性高分子分散液には、必要に応じて、上記以外の添加剤が含まれてもよい。添加剤としては、π共役系導電性高分子およびポリアニオンと混合しうるものであれば特に制限されず、例えば、無機導電剤、界面活性剤、消泡剤、非ポリマー型のカップリング剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤などを混合できる。
本発明の実施の形態に係る導電性フィルムは、上述の導電性高分子分散液から溶剤を低減させて硬化して成る膜である。低減は、揮発と言い換えても良い。上述の導電性高分子分散液は、バインダ樹脂をさらに添加した塗料として用いるのが好ましい。導電性フィルムは、例えば、基体(例えば、フィルム状のものを基体フィルムと称する)上に塗工され、硬化して成る。すなわち、本願において、単にフィルムという場合には、該フィルムは、導電性フィルムを基体(基体フィルムともいう)上に積層して成る積層体を意味する。導電性フィルムは、導電性硬化体、導電性硬化層あるいは導電層と言い換えても良い。フィルムの好適な製造方法としては、押出成形により基材フィルムを連続作製しながら、その基材フィルムに導電性高分子分散液を連続塗工する方法を例示できる。なお、導電性フィルムを特に基材フィルム上に積層して成るものを、ここではフィルムと称する。なお、基体は、特に制約されないが、例えば、紙、プラスチック、鉄、セラミックス、ガラスなどを例示できる。基体への塗料の供給方法としては、グラビアコーテイング法、刷毛やバーコーターを使う塗布法、塗料中に基体を浸漬するディップ法、塗料を基体上に滴下して基体を回転させて塗料を拡げるスピンコート法などの種々の手法を例示できる。基体上の塗料の硬化法は、加熱若しくは自然乾燥により溶剤を除去する硬化法の他、紫外線などの光や電子線を照射する硬化法などを例示できる。
(製造例1)・・・ポリスチレンスルホン酸(可溶化高分子の一例)の製造
1,000mlのイオン交換水に206gのスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウムを溶解し、80℃にて攪拌しながら、予め10mlの水に溶解した1.14gの過硫酸アンモニウム酸化剤溶液を20分間滴下し、その溶液を12時間攪拌した。得られたスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム含有溶液に、10質量%に希釈した硫酸を1,000ml添加し、限外ろ過法を用いてポリスチレンスルホン酸含有溶液の1,000ml溶液を除去し、残液に2,000mlのイオン交換水を加え、限外ろ過法を用いて約2,000mlの溶液を除去した。上記の限外ろ過操作を3回繰り返した。さらに、得られたろ液に約2,000mlのイオン交換水を添加し、限外ろ過法を用いて約2,000mlの溶液を除去した。この限外ろ過操作を3回繰り返した。得られた溶液中の水を減圧除去して、無色の固形状のポリスチレンスルホン酸を得た。
14.2gの3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェンと、製造例1で得た36.7gのポリスチレンスルホン酸を2,000mlのイオン交換水に溶かした溶液とを20℃で混合した。これにより得られた混合溶液を20℃に保ち、攪拌を行いながら、200mlのイオン交換水に溶かした29.64gの過硫酸アンモニウムと8.0gの硫酸第二鉄の酸化触媒溶液とをゆっくりと添加し、3時間攪拌して反応させた。得られた反応液に2,000mlのイオン交換水を加え、限外ろ過法により約2,000ml溶液を除去した。この操作を3回繰り返した。次に、得られた溶液に、200mlの10質量%に希釈した硫酸と2,000mlのイオン交換水とを加え、限外ろ過法により約2,000mlの溶液を除去し、これに2,000mlのイオン交換水を加え、限外ろ過法により約2,000mlの溶液を除去した。この操作を3回繰り返した。さらに、得られた溶液に2,000mlのイオン交換水を加え、限外ろ過法により約2,000mlの溶液を除去した。この操作を5回繰り返し、PEDOT−PSS水溶液としての約1.2質量%のポリスチレンスルホン酸ドープポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)を得た。
(実施例1)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液6gに、PEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。得られた導電性高分子溶液1gに水8gとプラスコートRZ105(互応化学社製、ポリエステルエマルジョン、固形分25%)1gを加えて塗料を作製した。得られた塗料を#4のバーコーターを用いてPETフィルム(東レ社製 ルミラーT−60)上に塗布し120℃で1分間乾燥した。三菱化学社製ハイレスタを使用し、上記の要領にて得られた塗膜(単に、フィルムという)の抵抗値を測定した。また、得られたフィルムを25℃、50%の条件下で表面に空気が当たる状態(以下、この状態を大気暴露という)で14日間放置した後、抵抗値を測定した。これらの測定結果を、表1に示す。
(実施例2)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液5gに水1gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例3)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液4gに水2gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例4)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液3gに水3gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例5)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液2gに水4gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例6)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液1gに水5gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例7)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gとイミダゾール0.85gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液3gに水3gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例8)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gとイミダゾール0.85gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液2gに水4gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例9)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gとイミダゾール0.85gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液1gに水5gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例10)
パラトルエンスルホン酸2.6gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液3gに水3gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例11)
パラトルエンスルホン酸2.6gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液2gに水4gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例12)
パラトルエンスルホン酸2.6gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液1gに水5gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(実施例13)
パラトルエンスルホン酸2.6gとイミダゾール0.85gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液1gに水5gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(比較例1)
水6gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gとを混ぜて導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(比較例2)
エタンスルホン酸1.4gとイミダゾール0.85gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液4gに水2gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(比較例3)
エタンスルホン酸1.4gとトリエチルアミン1.3gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液4gに水2gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(比較例4)
パラトルエンスルホン酸2.6gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液4gに水2gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(比較例5)
2−ナフタレンスルホン酸2.6gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液4gに水2gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(比較例6)
エタンスルホン酸1.4gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液4gに水2gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(比較例7)
リン酸2.6gと水酸化ナトリウム1.1gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液4gに水2gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(比較例8)
2−モルホリノエタンスルホン酸2.6gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液4gに水2gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
(比較例9)
リン酸2.6gと酢酸1.6gを水25gに溶解し水溶液を得た。この水溶液4gに水2gとPEDOT−PSS水溶液6gを加え、導電性高分子溶液を得た。その後の工程は、実施例1と同一とした。実施例1と同様にして測定した抵抗値を、表1に示す。
Claims (9)
- π共役系導電性高分子と、前記π共役系導電性高分子にドープしたポリアニオンと、前記π共役系導電性高分子にドープしていない芳香族スルホ基含有化合物と、アミン化合物と、ポリエステル系エマルジョンからなるバインダ樹脂と、溶剤とを含む導電性高分子分散液であって、
前記芳香族スルホ基含有化合物が、パラトルエンスルホン酸およびナフタレンスルホン酸の少なくともいずれか1種類である導電性高分子分散液。 - 前記アミン化合物が芳香族アミン化合物および3級アミン化合物の少なくともいずれか1種類の化合物である請求項1に記載の導電性高分子分散液。
- 前記アミン化合物がイミダゾールおよびトリエチルアミンの少なくともいずれか1種類である請求項2に記載の導電性高分子分散液。
- 前記π共役系導電性高分子がポリエチレンジオキシチオフェンである請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の導電性高分子分散液。
- 前記ポリアニオンがポリスチレンスルホン酸である請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の導電性高分子分散液。
- 前記溶剤は、該溶剤の質量に対して80質量%以上の水を含む請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の導電性高分子分散液。
- 請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の導電性高分子分散液を硬化して成る導電性フィルム。
- 請求項7に記載の導電性フィルムを基材フィルム上に積層して成るフィルム。
- 押出成形により基材フィルムを連続作製しながら、その基材フィルムに導電性高分子分散液を連続塗工する、請求項8に記載のフィルムの製造方法。
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