JP6599982B2 - 有機無機複合多孔層を含む二次電池用セパレータ及びこの製造方法 - Google Patents
有機無機複合多孔層を含む二次電池用セパレータ及びこの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6599982B2 JP6599982B2 JP2017520889A JP2017520889A JP6599982B2 JP 6599982 B2 JP6599982 B2 JP 6599982B2 JP 2017520889 A JP2017520889 A JP 2017520889A JP 2017520889 A JP2017520889 A JP 2017520889A JP 6599982 B2 JP6599982 B2 JP 6599982B2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Description
本願は、2014年10月24日出願の韓国特許出願第10−2014−0145532号に基づく優先権を主張し、この特許出願の明細書及び図面に開示された内容は、すべて本願に援用される。
また、本発明は、バインダー及び/または増粘剤の含量調節によって通気度など、分離膜の固有特性を容易に調節できる製造方法を提供することを他の目的とする。
なお、本発明の他の目的及び長所は、下記する説明によって理解できるであろう。また、本発明の目的及び長所は、特許請求の範囲に示される手段または方法、及びこの組合せによって実現することができる。
本発明の第3側面によれば、前記第2側面において、前記吸着性高分子バインダーの最大回転半径が50nm以下である。
即ち、前記製造方法は、
(S10)気孔を有する高分子多孔性基材を準備する段階
(S20)吸着性高分子バインダーを溶媒に投入して溶解させる段階
(S30)前記S20段階の結果物に無機物粒子を添加して分散させる段階
(S40)前記S30段階の結果物にバインダー高分子粒子を投入して有機無機複合多孔層形成用スラリーを製造する段階
(S50)前記S40段階のスラリーを、S10段階で準備した多孔性基材に塗布し乾燥する段階を含んでなるものである。
図1は、本発明による多孔性セパレータを製造する方法において、具体的な一実施様態を順序に従って概略的に示した工程のフローチャートである。
Al2O3(LS235、日本軽金属株式会社製、粒子サイズ510nm)、アクリル系水分散エマルション(CSB130、東洋インキ株式会社製、固形分40%、粒子サイズ177nm)、カルボキシルメチルセルロース(SG−L02、(株)ジエルケム社製、回転半径25nm)を、98:1:1の割合で水に添加して撹拌することで均一な分散スラリーを得た。ドクターブレードを用いて前記スラリーをポリエチレン多孔性基材(WL11B 、ダブル・スコープ株式会社製、通気時間150秒/100cc)の片面に塗布し、冷風乾燥することで有機無機複合多孔層の形成された多孔性セパレータを製造した。製造されたセパレータの通気時間は153秒/100cc水準であって、有機無機複合多孔層を形成する前の高分子基材の通気時間に比べてほとんど変化がなかった。
Al2O3の代わりにAlOOH(Actilox200SM、Nabaltec社製、粒子サイズ230nm)に変更し、スラリーの混合割合を質量比で無機物粒子:有機粒子:増粘剤が94:3:3の割合になるよう調整したことを除いては、実施例1と同様に多孔性セパレータを製造した。製造されたセパレータの通気時間は163秒/100cc水準であり、有機無機複合多孔層を形成する前の高分子基材の通気時間に比べてほとんど変化がなかった。
PVdF−CTFE(ポリフッ化ビニリデン−クロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体)5重量部を、アセトン95重量部に添加し、50℃で約12時間以上溶解し、バインダー溶液を準備した。前記バインダー溶液に実施例1と同一のアルミナ粒子をバインダー:アルミナ粒子の割合が重量比で10:90になるように混合して分散させることで、複合多孔層用スラリーを製造した。前記製造されたスラリーを実施例1と同様にコーティングした。製造されたセパレータの通気時間は235秒/100cc水準であって、大幅増加した。
Al2O3(FA51、Cabot社製、粒子サイズ50nm)、アクリル系水分散エマルション(CSB130、東洋インキ株式会社製、固形分40%、粒子サイズ177nm)、カルボキシルメチルセルロース(3H、第一工業製薬株式会社製、回転半径100nm)を、94:3:3の割合で水に添加して撹拌することで、均一な分散スラリーを得た。ドクターブレードを用いて前記スラリーをポリエチレン多孔性基材(WL11B、ダブル・スコープ株式会社製、通気時間150秒/100cc)の片面に塗布し、冷風乾燥することで、有機無機複合多孔層の形成された多孔性セパレータを製造した。製造されたセパレータの通気時間は269秒/100cc水準であって、有機無機複合多孔層を形成する前の高分子基材の通気時間に比べて急激に上昇した。図5は、比較例2で製造した分離膜の表面を示したSEMイメージである。これによれば、有機無機複合多孔層の表面において回転半径が大きいカルボキシルメチルセルロースの使用によって気孔が閉塞したことを確認した。気孔の閉塞部分は、図中の円(点線)で表した。
110 多孔性基材
120 有機無機複合多孔層
121 無機物粒子
122 バインダー高分子粒子
Claims (9)
- 二次電池用多孔性セパレータであって、
気孔を有する高分子多孔性基材と、
前記高分子多孔性基材の少なくとも片面に形成される有機無機複合多孔層とを備えてなり、
前記有機無機複合多孔層が、無機物粒子、バインダー高分子粒子、及び吸着性高分子バインダーを備えてなるものであり、
前記吸着性高分子バインダーは、粘着成分の高分子であって、前記無機物粒子の表面に吸着され、前記無機物粒子の表面の一部を覆うものであり、
前記吸着性高分子バインダーは、回転半径(radius of gyration)が前記無機物粒子の平均直径(D50)の1/100以上1/4以下であり、
前記吸着性高分子バインダーは、回転半径が50nm以下であり、
前記バインダー高分子の平均直径が20nm〜177nmであり、又は、
前記無機物粒子の平均直径が20nm〜230nmであることを特徴とする、二次電池用多孔性セパレータ。 - 前記有機無機複合多孔層の気孔サイズが10nm〜500nmであり、
前記有機無機複合多孔層の気孔度(porosity)が30〜70%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の二次電池用多孔性セパレータ。 - 前記有機無機複合多孔層は、前記無機物粒子及び前記バインダー高分子粒子が充填された構造であり、
前記充填された無機物粒子及び/またはバインダー高分子粒子によるインタースティシャルボリウムによって形成された気孔を有する多孔性構造であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の二次電池用多孔性セパレータ。 - 前記無機物粒子及び前記バインダー高分子粒子の平均粒径が、前記多孔性基材の気孔の平均直径よりも大きいことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の二次電池用多孔性セパレータ。
- 前記バインダー高分子粒子が、乳化重合によって形成された高分子重合微粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の二次電池用多孔性セパレータ。
- 前記無機物粒子が、二次電池の作動電圧範囲内で酸化及び/又は還元反応が起こらないことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の二次電池用多孔性セパレータ。
- 前記無機物粒子が、イオン伝達能力を有するものであり、及び/又は、誘電率が5以上のものであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の二次電池用多孔性セパレータ。
- 二次電池であって、
負極、正極、前記負極と前記正極との間に介されたセパレータ、及び電解液を備えてなるものであり、
前記セパレータが、請求項1〜7の何れか一項に記載の二次電池用多孔性セパレータであることを特徴とする、二次電池。 - 請求項1〜7の何れか一項に記載の二次電池用多孔性セパレータの製造方法であって、
(S10)気孔を有する高分子多孔性基材を準備する段階と、
(S20)吸着性高分子バインダーを溶媒に投入して溶解させる段階と、
(S30)前記S20段階の結果物に無機物粒子を添加して分散させる段階と、
(S40)前記S30段階の結果物にバインダー高分子粒子を投入して有機無機複合多孔層形成用スラリーを製造する段階と、
(S50)前記S40段階のスラリーを、S10段階で準備した多孔性基材に塗布し乾燥する段階とを含んでなるものであり、
前記S50段階で形成された有機無機複合多孔層が、無機物粒子及びバインダー高分子粒子を備えてなるものであり、前記無機物粒子及び前記バインダー高分子粒子が充填された構造であり、前記充填された無機物粒子及び/またはバインダー高分子粒子によるインタースティシャルボリウムによって形成された気孔を有する多孔性構造であることを特徴とする、二次電池用多孔性セパレータの製造方法。
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EP3193388B1 (en) | 2019-04-10 |
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