TWI647336B - Preparation method of composite porous structure and composite porous structure - Google Patents

Preparation method of composite porous structure and composite porous structure Download PDF

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TWI647336B
TWI647336B TW107108292A TW107108292A TWI647336B TW I647336 B TWI647336 B TW I647336B TW 107108292 A TW107108292 A TW 107108292A TW 107108292 A TW107108292 A TW 107108292A TW I647336 B TWI647336 B TW I647336B
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porous substrate
coating
porous structure
composite porous
cooling fluid
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TW107108292A
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TW201938818A (zh
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李雨霖
康朝翔
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承鴻工業股份有限公司
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Priority to TW107108292A priority Critical patent/TWI647336B/zh
Priority to US16/191,303 priority patent/US10737222B2/en
Priority to ES18210116T priority patent/ES2898913T3/es
Priority to EP18210116.2A priority patent/EP3539646B1/en
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Publication of TWI647336B publication Critical patent/TWI647336B/zh
Priority to MYPI2019000954A priority patent/MY189751A/en
Priority to KR1020190026435A priority patent/KR102199888B1/ko
Priority to JP2019043538A priority patent/JP6830503B2/ja
Publication of TW201938818A publication Critical patent/TW201938818A/zh

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Abstract

本創作提供一種複合多孔結構之製備方法,其包含以下步驟:步驟(a):齊備一具有複數孔洞的多孔基材,該多孔基材具有相對的第一表面和第二表面;以及步驟(b):持續通入一冷卻流體,使該冷卻流體接觸該多孔基材的第一表面並通過該等孔洞至該第二表面,同時利用一熱源使一塗層原料形成複數熔融態顆粒,將該等熔融態顆粒噴塗至該多孔基材的第二表面,於該多孔基材之第二表面上形成一具有複數微孔的塗層,得到該複合多孔結構;其中,該塗層原料為有機高分子塗層原料或無機塗層原料。本創作也提供一種由前述方法所製備的複合多孔結構。

Description

複合多孔結構之製備方法及複合多孔結構
本創作係有關一種複合多孔結構及其製法,尤指一種用於膜分離的複合多孔結構及其製法。
薄膜分離技術係在驅動力的存在下,利用物質通過薄膜的差異性,以達到分離、濃縮或純化等目的,其具有選擇性高、操作簡便、節省能源及易於放大等優點,因此近年來廣泛應用於各種產業,尤其是精密化學工業、食品工業、污染防治、生醫工程及生物技術等領域的需求迅速成長。
以多孔薄膜可阻擋的顆粒尺寸區分為:微過濾、超過濾、奈米過濾及逆滲透。微過濾(microfiltration,MF)係利用膜孔介於0.2微米(μm)至10微米的多孔薄膜,在壓力驅動下,阻擋直徑大於膜孔的顆粒物,例如水中的細菌或懸浮粒子;超過濾(ultrafiltration,UF)係利用膜孔介於10奈米(nm)至100奈米的多孔薄膜,使用壓力差為驅動力,阻擋溶液中分子量介於1,000道爾頓(dalton,Da)至500,000 Da的大分子溶質,達到分離溶劑或小分子的效果,適用於廢水回收、製藥、蛋白質分離濃縮等領域;奈米過濾(nanofiltration,NF)是介於超過濾和逆滲透之間的膜分離程序,適合阻擋尺寸大於1 nm以上或分子量介於200 Da至1000 Da之間的物質,例如重金屬離子或高價數的鹽類,可用於去除工業上的金屬離子或淡化海水;逆滲透(reverse osmosis,RO)係利用膜孔介於1埃(Å)至50 Å的多孔薄膜,僅能讓奈米尺寸以下的小分子通過,主要應用於超純水的製造。
多孔薄膜的材料可分為有機多孔薄膜、無機多孔薄膜或有機和無機混合的多孔薄膜;其中,無機多孔薄膜具有耐高溫、耐酸鹼、以及高機械穩定性等優點,因此無機多孔薄膜成為薄膜分離技術的發展重點。一般製備無機多孔薄膜的方法例如:(1)溶膠-凝膠法(sol-gel)、(2)固態燒結法、(3)化學氣相沉積法(chemical vapor deposition,CVD)等,但前述方法皆須經由繁複的製備步驟,致使製備時間冗長、增加經濟成本,且因製程需求而必須限制原料種類(例如CVD需使用可氣化的原料才能進行反應);再者,前述方法在前驅物質的製備時常使用有害的溶劑或有機金屬化合物,恐會造成環境污染,不合乎現在社會的環保訴求。
為了解決上述問題,目前已有人提出以熱熔射法(thermal spray)製備無機多孔薄膜。熱熔射法是利用熱源將塗層材料迅速加熱後形成熔融態顆粒,再經由高速射流的帶動下撞擊基材表面形成塗層;而所述顆粒的高溫氣化該基材表面的液體並形成蒸汽,由蒸汽貫穿塗層造孔,藉此形成一多孔薄膜。雖然使用熱熔射法製備多孔薄膜可簡化製膜程序,製備時間大幅縮短,然而,現有的熱熔射法所製得的多孔薄膜,其孔洞尺寸不一,孔徑大小分布過廣,導致阻擋效率差。
有鑑於現有的多孔薄膜或其製備方法存在技術缺陷,本創作之目的在於提供一種複合多孔結構之製備方法,其製程簡單而能符合成本效益,進而更具商業實施的潛力。
本創作之另一目的在於提供一種複合多孔結構之製備方法,其可製得阻擋效率達到99%以上的複合多孔結構。
為達成前述目的,本創作提供一種複合多孔結構之製備方法,其包含以下步驟:步驟(a):齊備一具有複數孔洞的多孔基材,該多孔基材具有相對的第一表面和第二表面;以及步驟(b):持續通入一冷卻流體,使該冷卻流體接觸該多孔基材的第一表面並通過該等孔洞至該第二表面,同時利用一熱源使一塗層原料形成複數熔融態顆粒,將該等熔融態顆粒噴塗至該多孔基材的第二表面,於該多孔基材之第二表面上形成一具有複數微孔的塗層,得到該複合多孔結構;其中,該塗層原料為有機高分子塗層原料或無機塗層原料。
依據本創作,因持續通入一冷卻流體,在該多孔基材的第一表面接觸冷卻流體,因此該冷卻流體的一部分會填充在該等孔洞中,甚至該填充於該等孔洞中的冷卻流體會通過該等孔洞至該第二表面;當複數熔融態顆粒撞擊該多孔基材的第二表面,隨熔融態顆粒而來的熱能可使該等孔洞中的冷卻流體不斷形成蒸氣,且蒸氣會貫穿該熔融態顆粒所形成的塗層,而創造出許多微孔;由於該等熔融態顆粒撞擊該第二表面的同時第一表面持續接觸冷卻流體,所以該冷卻流體可幫助該多孔基材帶走過多的熱能、維持多孔基材的整體溫度,還可不斷充填該冷卻流體於多孔基材的複數孔洞中,即可避免單獨使用熱熔射法時,多孔基材逐漸升溫而多孔基材的複數孔洞中的液體量不足以貫穿造孔的問題。因此本創作之製備方法不僅製程簡單,製備時間大幅縮短,還可獲得孔徑一致性高的複合多孔結構,進而可使該複合多孔結構具有阻擋效率達到99%以上的效果。
依據本創作,熔融態顆粒包含實質上完全熔融的顆粒或半熔融顆粒,因此所述熔融態顆粒可為液態或固態。該等熔融態顆粒和多孔基材間的溫度差,會影響該等熔融態顆粒最後堆疊於多孔基材之第二表面的型態,也會影響塗層孔徑的尺寸大小。較佳的,該等熔融態顆粒之溫度高於該冷卻流體之溫度;如此一來,冷卻流體能對所述多孔基材有更好的降溫效果。
在一些實施例中,該步驟(b)的熱源溫度為100°C至10000°C;該冷卻流體溫度為5°C至60°C。
在一些實施例中,該步驟(b)的冷卻流體為水、醇類、酮類或其組合。舉例而言,水為去離子水等,但不限於此。醇類可包含乙醇(ethanol)、正丙醇(1-propanol)、異丙醇(2-propanol)等碳數1至5的醇類以及其組合,但不限於此。酮類可包含丙酮(acetone)等碳數3至4的酮類以及其組合,但不限於此。
依據本創作,該多孔基材的材料可為有機高分子材料、陶瓷材料或金屬材料。舉例而言,有機高分子材料可包含如聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)、聚丙烯(polypropene,PP)等的聚烯烴(polyolefin)、聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)、聚丙烯腈(polyacrylonitrile)、聚氨酯(polyurethane,PU)等,但不限於此。陶瓷材料可包含三氧化二鋁(Al 2O 3)、二氧化矽(SiO 2)、氧化鎂(MgO)、二氧化鈦(TiO 2)、氧化鋅(ZnO)、氧化鋯(ZrO 2)或其組合,但不限於此。金屬材料可包含鈷(Co)、鐵(Fe)、鎳(Ni)、銅(Cu)、鋁(Al)或其組合等,但不限於此。
在一些實施例中,該多孔基材的厚度小於20釐米(mm)。較佳的,該多孔基材的厚度介於1毫米(mm)至20 mm。
在一些實施例中,該多孔基材的複數孔洞的平均孔徑小於或等於50微米(μm)。較佳的,該多孔基材的複數孔洞的平均孔徑介於0.1微米(μm)至50 μm。
較佳的,該步驟(a)可包括步驟(a1):齊備該具有該等孔洞的多孔基材;以及步驟(a2):填充一液體於該等孔洞中。此技術手段可使填充於該等孔洞中的液體量充足,進而可提供孔徑一致性更高的複合多孔結構之製備方法。
依據本創作,該步驟(a2)填充該液體至該等孔洞的方式可為加壓式填充、噴淋式填充、真空吸引式填充或浸入式填充,但不限於此。
依據本創作,該液體為水、醇類、酮類或其組合。舉例而言,水為去離子水等,但不限於此。醇類可包含乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇等碳數1至5的醇類以及其組合,但不限於此。酮類可包含丙酮等碳數3至4的酮類以及其組合,但不限於此。
依據本創作,該冷卻流體包含該液體的種類或該冷卻流體與該液體的種類相同。
該冷卻流體開始接觸多孔基材的體積流量即為該冷卻流體的進流量,而與該冷卻流體不再接觸多孔基材的體積流量即為該冷卻流體的出流量,該冷卻流體的進流量與出流量之比值能影響多孔基材的散熱效果,進而影響所述塗層由蒸氣造孔的孔徑大小與一致性。依據本創作,該冷卻流體的進流量和出流量比值介於1:0.9至1:1。
該冷卻流體的流速也能影響多孔基材的散熱效果,進而影響所述塗層由蒸氣造孔的孔徑一致性。較佳的,所述冷卻流體的流速介於0.1公升/分鐘(L/min)至10 L/min。
依據本創作,該步驟(b)中的熱源可火焰、電弧或電漿,但不限於此。
噴塗次數會影響最後形成的塗層厚度以及塗層的該等微孔之孔徑,因此,該步驟(b)中可重複將該等熔融態顆粒噴塗至該多孔基材的第二表面,噴塗次數則依照需求的塗層厚度而定。較佳的,噴塗次數為2至25。
當該等熔融態顆粒從熱源至多孔基材表面的噴塗距離會影響最後形成的塗層特性;若噴塗距離過近,多孔基材表面可能因離熱源過近而有造成熱變形之虞;若噴塗距離過遠,雖可避免多孔基材表面熱變形,但是該等熔融態顆粒的溫度和速度開始降低,因此塗層的緻密度也會下降。在一些實施例中,所述噴塗距離介於5公分(cm)至30 cm。
在一些實施例中,該塗層原料為無機塗層原料時,該無機塗層原料選自鹼金屬、鹼土金屬、矽酸鹽、鋁酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鈦酸鹽、磷酸鹽、氧化物、氮化物、氧氮化物、碳化物、氧碳化物和鹵素化合物所形成的組中的至少一種。舉例而言,鹼金屬可為鋰或鈉等金屬粉末,但不限於此;鹼土金屬可為鎂或鈣等金屬粉末,但不限於此;矽酸鹽可為矽酸鋰、矽酸鎂、矽酸鎂鋰、矽酸鋁、矽酸鋯、水合矽酸鈉或水合矽酸鎂等,但不限於此;鋁酸鹽可為鋁酸鈣等,但不限於此;硼酸鹽可為偏硼酸鈉或四硼酸鈉等,但不限於此;鈦酸鹽可為鈦酸鎂或鈦酸鈣等,但不限於此;磷酸鹽可為磷酸鈣或磷酸鈉等,但不限於此;氧化物可為氧化鋁或氧化鋯等金屬氧化物,但不限於此;氮化物可為氮化鋁等金屬氮化物或氮化硼等,但不限於此;氧氮化物可為氧氮化鋁等金屬氧氮化物或氧氮化矽,但不限於此;碳化物可為碳化鎢或碳化鋁等金屬碳化物,但不限於此;氧碳化物可為鋁氧碳化物等金屬氧碳化物,但不限於此;和鹵素化合物可為氟化鎂等,但不限於此。在另一些實施例中,該塗層原料為有機塗層原料時,有機塗層原料可為聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚四氟乙烯,但不限於此。
依據本創作,本創作之製備方法可在大氣環境下進行、或是在真空環境下進行。
此外,本創作另提供一種如前述複合多孔結構之製備方法所製備而得的複合多孔結構。所述複合多孔結構包含具有複數孔洞的多孔基材以及具有複數微孔的塗層,該多孔基材具有相對的第一表面和第二表面,該塗層設置於該多孔基材的第二表面上,該塗層的材料為有機高分子塗層原料或無機塗層原料。
在一些實施例中,該多孔基材的材料可為有機高分子材料、陶瓷材料或金屬材料。由前述製備方法,可得到無機塗層-有機基材複合多孔結構,有機塗層-有機基材複合多孔結構、無機塗層-陶瓷基材複合多孔結構、有機塗層-陶瓷基材複合多孔結構、無機塗層-金屬基材複合多孔結構,有機塗層-金屬基材複合多孔結構等。舉例而言,該多孔基材的材料為有機高分子材料時,其可包含如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等的聚烯烴、聚四氟乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯等,但不限於此。該多孔基材的材料為陶瓷材料時,其可包含三氧化二鋁、二氧化矽、氧化鎂、二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、氧化鋯或其組合,但不限於此。該多孔基材的材料為金屬材料時,其可包含鈷、鐵、鎳、銅、鋁或其組合等,但不限於此。相較於現有的多孔薄膜,本創作之複合多孔結構可選擇更多元的材料組合,進而提高應用潛力。
在一些實施例中,該塗層包含無機塗層原料,該無機塗層原料選自鹼金屬、鹼土金屬、矽酸鹽、鋁酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鈦酸鹽、磷酸鹽、氧化物、氮化物、氧氮化物、碳化物、氧碳化物和鹵素化合物所形成的組中的至少一種。舉例而言,鹼金屬可為鋰或鈉等金屬粉末,但不限於此;鹼土金屬可為鎂或鈣等金屬粉末,但不限於此;矽酸鹽可為矽酸鋰、矽酸鎂、矽酸鎂鋰、矽酸鋁、矽酸鋯、水合矽酸鈉或水合矽酸鎂等,但不限於此;鋁酸鹽可為鋁酸鈣等,但不限於此;硼酸鹽可為偏硼酸鈉或四硼酸鈉等,但不限於此;鈦酸鹽可為鈦酸鎂或鈦酸鈣等,但不限於此;磷酸鹽可為磷酸鈣或磷酸鈉等,但不限於此;氧化物可為氧化鋁或氧化鋯等金屬氧化物,但不限於此;氮化物可為氮化鋁等金屬氮化物或氮化硼等,但不限於此;氧氮化物可為氧氮化鋁等金屬氧氮化物或氧氮化矽,但不限於此;碳化物可為碳化鎢或碳化鋁等金屬碳化物,但不限於此;氧碳化物可為鋁氧碳化物等金屬氧碳化物,但不限於此;和鹵素化合物可為氟化鎂等,但不限於此。在另一些實施例中,該塗層原料為有機塗層原料時,有機塗層原料選自聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚四氟乙烯,但不限於此。
較佳的,該複合多孔結構中,所述多孔塗層的該等微孔的平均孔徑介於0.01 μm至5 μm。
較佳的,該複合多孔結構中,該多孔塗層的平均厚度介於5 μm至500 μm。
在一些實施例中,該多孔基材的形狀可為空心柱狀、空心錐狀或空心管狀等,但不限於此。
以下,將藉由下列數種實施例說明本創作之具體實施方式,熟習此技藝者可經由本說明書之內容輕易地了解本創作所能達成之優點與功效,並且於不悖離本創作之精神下進行各種修飾與變更,以施行或應用本創作之內容。
本創作之複合多孔結構之製備方法可如下實施例1和實施例2所述:
實施例1
首先,請參閱圖1,在步驟(a1)中,齊備一空心管狀的多孔基材10,其具有一管壁101、一軸向通道102及複數孔洞103,該軸向通道102形成於該管壁101內,且該等孔洞103凹設形成於該管壁101上。該管壁101具有一第一表面1011(即內壁面)和相對於第一表面1011的第二表面1012(即外壁面),所述管壁101的厚度為2.5 mm,長度為300 mm,內徑為29.5 mm,外徑為30 mm。所述多孔基材10係由不銹鋼材質所構成,且其孔洞103之平均孔徑為3 μm。
隨後,在步驟(a2)中,將所述多孔基板10浸入一裝有去離子水的容槽中,使去離子水充滿於多孔基板10的複數孔洞103。
接著,請參閱圖1,在步驟(b)中,以3 L/min之流速、25°C之冷卻流體30通入於軸向通道102中,使冷卻流體30持續接觸第一表面1011,以維持多孔基材10之整體溫度,其中,部分冷卻流體30會通過該等孔洞103流至第二表面1012;同時,在大氣環境中,利用電漿生成8000°C的熱源,將氧化鋁塗層原料加熱成複數約500°C的熔融態顆粒201,以熱源與第二表面1012之間相距10 cm之噴塗距離,將該等熔融態顆粒201噴塗至多孔基材10的第二表面1012上,以獲得一具有複數微孔的塗層20。該冷卻流體30的進流量和出流量比值為1:0.99,即表示該冷卻流體30持續充填去離子水於多孔基材10的複數孔洞103中。於此步驟中,所述經噴塗的熔融態顆粒201會在第二表面1012上相互堆疊,藉由該等熔融態顆粒201之高溫(即大於100°C),能使該多孔基板10的複數孔洞103中的去離子水被氣化成蒸汽,從而令蒸汽能貫穿所述薄層而形成微孔,獲得具有複數微孔的多孔塗層20;且於此步驟中持續流通於軸向通道102的冷卻流體30能持續冷卻、固化熔融態顆粒201,而於該第二表面1012上形成所述塗層20,得到複合多孔結構1。於此,重複前述同步進行步驟(b)共3次後,所述塗層20的平均厚度為28 μm。
所述複合多孔結構1之多孔塗層20的微孔的孔徑分布情況如圖2所示:可以看出該等微孔的孔徑分布很狹窄,孔徑一致性高。藉由型號為PMI CFP-1500A之孔徑分析儀量測複合多孔結構1之多孔塗層20,該等微孔的平均孔徑約為0.5 μm,其中,孔徑大於0.55 μm之微孔個數佔微孔總個數的13.4%。
此外,量測複合多孔結構1之阻擋效率,量測方法如下所示:(1)將聚苯乙烯(polystyrene,PS)標準粒子(0.45 μm或0.2 μm)配製成不同濃度之水溶液,利用濁度計量測其濁度做成檢量線,濃度與濁度呈線性關係;(2)配製100比濁法濁度單位(nephelometric turbidity unit,NTU)含0.45 μm的聚苯乙烯標準粒子的溶液,在該等聚苯乙烯標準粒子不在塗層表面1012形成濾餅之狀態下,以複合多孔結構1進行過濾,量測過濾後所得的濾液之濁度為1 NTU,即表示複合多孔結構1針對0.45 μm的聚苯乙烯標準粒子之阻擋效率為99%。
實施例2
實施例2之製備方法與實施例1之製備方法的步驟相似,其差異在於:實施例2重複步驟(b)共5次。實施例2之製備方法得到複合多孔結構,該複合多孔結構包括多孔基材以及形成於該多孔基材的第二表面上之具有複數微孔的塗層,所述塗層的平均厚度為48 μm、所述塗層的該等微孔的平均孔徑約為0.32 μm,且其孔徑分布情況如圖3所示,其中,孔徑大於0.35 μm之微孔個數佔微孔總個數僅2.7%。此外,本實施例所製備的複合多孔結構針對0.2 μm的聚苯乙烯標準粒子之阻擋效率為99%。
比較例1
比較例1之製備方法與實施例1之製備方法的步驟相似,其差異在於:該多孔基材在將熔融態顆粒噴塗至該多孔基材的第二表面時,未同時通入一包含去離子水的冷卻流體持續接觸該多孔基材的第一表面,僅以該第一表面靜態接觸一去離子水。由比較例1之製備方法得到具複合多孔結構,該複合多孔結構包括多孔基材以及形成於該多孔基材的第二表面上之具有複數微孔的塗層,所述塗層的平均厚度為25 μm、該等微孔之平均孔徑約為0.33 μm;複合多孔結構的該等微孔之孔徑大小不一,其孔徑分布情況如圖4所示,其中,孔徑大於0.35 μm的微孔個數佔微孔總個數的43.6%;甚至,孔徑大於0.55 μm以上的微孔個數佔微孔總個數的23%。因此,本比較例所製備的複合多孔結構針對0.45 μm的聚苯乙烯標準粒子之阻擋效率僅為83%。
請參閱圖5A至圖5C,實施例1之複合多孔結構1可使用如圖5A所示的空心管10作為多孔基材10;另外,在不影響本創作之複合多孔結構的效果之情況下,還可以視不同使用需求,選擇使用如圖5B所示的空心柱10′,或者圖5C所示的空心錐10′′作為多孔基材,但不限於此。
綜上所述,本創作之複合多孔結構之製備方法,其製程簡單、製備時間短而能符合成本效益,還能選擇以更多元的材料組合形成複合多孔結構以提高應用潛力,且製程中未使用有毒的有機試劑,符合環保訴求;另外,由本創作之製備方法所製得的複合多孔結構,其孔徑一致性高,因此具有良好阻擋效率。
儘管前述說明已闡述本創作的諸多特徵、優點及本創作的構成與特徵細節,然而這僅屬於示例性的說明。全部在本創作之申請專利範圍的一般涵義所表示範圍內,依據本創作原則所作的細節變化尤其是指形狀、尺寸和元件設置的改變,均仍屬於本創作的範圍內。
1‧‧‧複合多孔結構
10、10′、10′′‧‧‧多孔基材
101‧‧‧管壁
102‧‧‧軸向通道
103‧‧‧孔洞
1011‧‧‧第一表面
1012‧‧‧第二表面
20‧‧‧塗層
201‧‧‧熔融態顆粒
30‧‧‧冷卻流體
圖1為實施例1之複合多孔結構之製備方法之步驟(b)示意圖。 圖2為實施例1之複合多孔結構的塗層的微孔之孔徑分布圖。 圖3為實施例2之複合多孔結構的塗層的微孔之孔徑分布圖。 圖4為比較例之複合多孔結構的塗層的微孔之孔徑分布圖。 圖5A至圖5C為本創作之複合多孔結構的多孔基材的立體示意圖。
無。

Claims (17)

  1. 一種複合多孔結構之製備方法,其包含以下步驟:步驟(a):齊備一具有複數孔洞的多孔基材,該多孔基材具有相對的第一表面和第二表面;以及步驟(b):持續通入一冷卻流體,使該冷卻流體接觸該多孔基材的第一表面並通過該等孔洞至該第二表面,同時利用一熱源使一塗層原料形成複數熔融態顆粒,將該等熔融態顆粒噴塗至該多孔基材的第二表面,於該多孔基材之第二表面上形成一具有複數微孔的塗層,得到該複合多孔結構;其中,該塗層原料為有機高分子塗層原料或無機塗層原料;該等微孔的平均孔徑介於0.01微米至5微米。
  2. 如請求項1所述的製備方法,其中,該等熔融態顆粒之溫度高於該冷卻流體之溫度。
  3. 如請求項2所述的製備方法,其中,該步驟(b)的熱源溫度為100℃至10000℃。
  4. 如請求項2所述的製備方法,其中,該步驟(b)的冷卻流體之溫度為5℃至60℃。
  5. 如請求項1所述的製備方法,其中,該步驟(a)可包括:步驟(a1):齊備該具有該等孔洞的多孔基材;以及步驟(a2):填充一液體於該等孔洞中。
  6. 如請求項5所述的製備方法,其中,該液體為水、醇類、酮類或其組合。
  7. 如請求項1至6中任一項所述的製備方法,其中,該多孔基材的材料為有機高分子材料、陶瓷材料或金屬材料。
  8. 如請求項7所述的製備方法,其中,該有機高分子材料包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚四氟乙烯。
  9. 如請求項1至6中任一項所述之製備方法,其中,該等孔洞的平均孔徑介於0.1微米至50微米。
  10. 如請求項1至6中任一項所述的製備方法,其中,該冷卻流體的進流量和出流量比值介於1:0.9至1:1。
  11. 如請求項1所述的製備方法,其中,該無機塗層原料選自鹼金屬、鹼土金屬、矽酸鹽、鋁酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鈦酸鹽、磷酸鹽、氧化物、氮化物、氧氮化物、碳化物、氧碳化物和鹵素化合物所形成的組中的至少一種;有機塗層原料包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚四氟乙烯。
  12. 一種複合多孔結構,其係由請求項1至6中任一項所述的製備方法製備而得,該複合多孔結構包含具有複數孔洞的多孔基材以及具有複數微孔的塗層,該多孔基材具有相對的第一表面和第二表面,該塗層設置於該多孔基材的第二表面上,該塗層包含有機高分子塗層原料或無機塗層原料;其中,該等微孔的平均孔徑介於0.01微米至5微米。
  13. 如請求項12所述之複合多孔結構,其中,該塗層的平均厚度介於5微米至500微米。
  14. 如請求項12或13所述之複合多孔結構,其中,該多孔基材的材料為有機高分子材料、陶瓷材料或金屬材料。
  15. 如請求項14所述之複合多孔結構,其中,該有機高分子材料包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚四氟乙烯。
  16. 如請求項12或13所述之複合多孔結構,其中,該無機塗層原料選自鹼金屬、鹼土金屬、矽酸鹽、鋁酸鹽、硼酸鹽、鈦酸鹽、磷酸鹽、氧化物、氮化物、氧氮化物、碳化物、氧碳化物和鹵素化合物所形成的組中的至少一種;有機塗層原料包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚四氟乙烯。
  17. 如請求項12或13所述之複合多孔結構,其中,該多孔基材的形狀可為空心柱狀、空心錐狀或空心管狀。
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