JP6598844B2 - ヒトカンナビノイド1(cb1)受容体に結合する抗体 - Google Patents
ヒトカンナビノイド1(cb1)受容体に結合する抗体 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2014年3月27日に出願された国際出願番号PCT/CN2014/074199、および2014年7月8日に出願された国際出願番号PCT/CN2014/081797(それらは引用によりその内容全体を本明細書に包含される)に基づいて優先権を主張する。
本発明は、カンナビノイド1(CB1)受容体に結合する抗体およびその抗原結合フラグメント、ならびにかかる抗体およびその抗原結合フラグメントの使用法に関する。
本明細書と共に電子的に提出されたテキストファイルの内容は、その全体が引用により本明細書中に包含される:コンピューター読み出し可能な形式の配列表のコピー(ファイル名:15−343−WO3−Seq_List_ST25.txt、データ記録日:2015年3月27日、ファイルサイズ793KB)。
別の態様において、単離された抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントは、配列番号338に記載のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも65%、少なくとも70%、少なくとも75%、少なくとも80%、少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、少なくとも96%、少なくとも97%、少なくとも98%または少なくとも99%の同一性を有する軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含む。さらなる態様において、該軽鎖は、配列番号338に記載のアミノ酸配列を含むか、本質的にそれからなるか、またはそれからなる。
一面において、本発明は、ヒトカンナビノイド1(CB1)受容体に選択的に結合する抗体およびその抗原結合フラグメントなどの抗原結合タンパク質を提供する。抗体およびそのフラグメントは、CB1受容体をアゴナイズもしくはアンタゴナイズする、またはアゴニスト活性もしくはアンタゴニスト活性を有さないCB1を選択的に認識する、機能的抗体である。
任意の態様において、本明細書に記載の抗CB1受容体抗体は、1つまたはそれ以上の修飾を含み得る。本明細書に記載の抗CB1受容体抗体の修飾形態は、当技術分野で公知の何らかの技術を用いて作製可能である。
ある態様において、本発明は、変異型Fc領域を含むCB1抗体を提供する。抗体のFc領域は、Fcγ受容体(FcγR)および補体分子C1qに結合物抗体の一部分である。Fc領域は、抗体エフェクター機能に介在する(mediating)役割を果たしている。抗体のFcに関連して本明細書で用いる“エフェクター機能”は、例えば、C1q結合;補体依存性細胞傷害(CDC);Fc受容体結合;抗体依存性細胞介在性細胞傷害(ADCC);食作用;オプソニン化;トランスサイトーシス;および、細胞表面受容体(例えば、B細胞受容体)の下方制御などの抗体機能を意味する。かかるエフェクター機能は、一般的に、結合ドメイン(例えば、抗体可変ドメイン)と結合するFc領域を必要とし、そのような抗体エフェクター機能を評価するための当技術分野で公知の種々のアッセイを用いて評価することができる。変異型Fc領域は、エフェクター機能を変更する変異を含むFc領域である。ある態様において、本明細書に記載のCB1抗体は、1つまたはそれ以上のエフェクター機能を低下、障害または排除するFc領域変異を含む。例えば、一態様において、本明細書に記載の抗体およびそのフラグメントは、CB1に結合し、そして低下した、障害された、または不存在のC1q結合および/またはCDCおよび/またはADCCを示す。Fc変異は、アミノ酸挿入、欠失または置換であってよいか、または化学修飾であってよい。例えば、Fc領域修飾は、補体結合を増加または低下させ、抗体依存性細胞傷害性を増加または低下させ、またはグリコシル化を変更させ得る。種々のFc変異が当技術分野で公知であり、例えば、Labrijin et al., Nature Biotech 27(8):767−71 (2009); Idusogie, et al. J Immunol 2000; Greenwood et al Eur J Immunol 23:1098−104 (1993); Mueller et al . Mol Immunol 1997; 34:441−52; および、Rother et al Nature Biotechnol 2007; 25:1256−64に記載されている。当技術分野で公知のFc変異のいくつかは、エフェクター機能を改変するために本明細書に記載の例示的なCB1抗体に適用することができる。さらに、種々の治療用抗体が、エフェクター機能を改変するためにFc領域変異を有して製造されている。かかる治療用抗体は当技術分野で公知であり、例えば、アレムツズマブ、ベンラリズマブ、ベバシズマブ、ビメキズマブ(bimekizumab)、カンツズマブ、コドリツズマブ、ダロツズマブ(dalotuzumab)、エファリズマブ、エロツズマブ、エナバツズマブ(enavatuzumab)、エノキズマブ(enokizumab)、エトロリズマブ、ファーレツズマブ、フィクラツズマブ、イムガツズマブ(Imgatuzumab)、イトリズマブ、リファスツズマブ(lifastuzumab)、リゲリズマブ、ロデルシズマブ(Lodelcizumab)、ロルボツズマブ、モガムリズマブ、モタビズマブ、オビヌツズマブ、オカラツズマブ、オマリズマブ、パルサツズマブ、パテクリズマブ、ペラキズマブ(perakizumab)、ペルツズマブ、ピディリズマブ、クイリズマブ、ロンタリズマブ(rontalizumab)、ソフィツズマブ(sofituzumab)、ソラネズマブ、スビズマブ(suvizumab)、テプリズマブ、チルドラキズマブ、トシリズマブ、トラスツマブ、トラスツマブエムタンシン、トレガリズマブ、ベドリズマブ、ボルセツズマブ、ボルセツズマブ・マフォドチン、イットリウム(90Y)クリバツズマブテトラキセタン、アンルキンズマブ、ダセツズマブ、ダクリズマブ、エタラシズマブ、ミラツズマブ、オザネズマブ、ピナツズマブベドチン(pinatuzumab vedotin)、ポラツズマブベドチン、チガツズマブ、ベルツズマブ、アビツズマブ(abituzumab)、ボコシズマブ、デムシズマブ、ゲボキズマブ、ポネズマブ、ラルパンシズマブ(ralpancizumab)、ロモソズマブ、タネズマブ、ブロソズマブ、コンシズマブ、クレネズマブ、イバリズマブ(Ibalizumab)、イクセキズマブ(ixekizumab)、レブリキズマブ(lebrikizumab)、オロキズマブ、ペンブロリズマブ、シムツズマブ(Simtuzumab)、ウロクプルマブ(ulocuplumab)、バテリズマブ(Vatelizumab)およびサマリズマブ(例えば、配列番号358−432を参照のこと)が含まれる。当技術分野で公知のFc変異のいくつかは、エフェクター機能、抗体半減期または他の抗体特性を変えるために、本明細書に記載のCB1受容体抗体に適用され得る。
本明細書に記載の抗体およびその抗原結合フラグメントは、治療目的のためにヒト対象に投与され得る。ある態様において、本明細書に記載の抗体およびその結合フラグメントまたは変異体を対象に投与することを含む処置法を提供する。
別の面において、本発明は、抗CB1抗体、またはそのフラグメントを含む医薬組成物を提供する。
本明細書に記載の他の面およびそれらの態様は、互いに組み合わせることができる。加えて、上記の何れかの面およびそれらの態様は、以下の特定の面および態様のいずれかと組み合わせることができる。
配列番号6、14、22および30からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、態様1に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
配列番号8、16、24および32からなる群より選択される軽鎖定常領域を含む、態様1に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
ヒトCB1受容体のクローニングのためのcDNA配列およびプライマーは、pubmedのNCBI参照配列nM_001160258に基づく。CB1受容体を、293細胞におけるリポフェクタミンを用いる一過性発現により、または安定な細胞株の作製によって発現させた。安定な細胞株の作製のために、pcDNA4/TOの天然の完全長ヒトCB1受容体構築物をテトラサイクリン発現誘導システムTrex−CHOおよびTrex−293細胞にトランスフェクトした。細胞を抗生物質ゼオシンおよびブラスチシジン下で培養した。テトラサイクリン発現誘導によりCB1を発現したクローンを、R&Dの抗CB1受容体抗体を用いるFACS染色によって同定した(クローン368302)。膜を調製し、直接免疫化に用いるか、または界面活性剤で膜タンパク質を可溶化後、talon精製した。精製されたCB1受容体を、脂質二重層に安定化させた。CB1/脂質複合体をCB1受容体iCAPSと命名した。
免疫化したマウスから脾臓を取り出し、単細胞懸濁液を作成した。単細胞懸濁液を作成するために、脾臓を50mLのコニカル遠心チューブの上部の面まで移し、3mLシリンジのプランジャーを用いて、該脾臓の細胞を破砕した。赤血球を氷冷ACK緩衝液で10分間溶解させ、5mlのDMEMを添加し、細胞を遠心分離した。この工程をもう一度繰り返した後、細胞を、DMEM培地中、2x107/mlの濃度に再懸濁した。
全RNA抽出:脾臓組織をRNAlater中に回収した。凍結組織の小片(〜30mg)を、液体N2で冷却したモーター内で均質化し、微粉末に粉砕した。TRIzol(登録商標)試薬を加えて、30秒間手で激しく振盪した。1mLの溶液を室温で2−3分で1.5マイクロチューブに移し、数分間の間、室温で置いた。混合物に、溶液1mL当たり0.2mlのクロロホルムを添加し、30秒間手で激しく振盪した。混合物を5分間室温でインキュベートし、その後、4℃にて、12,000xgで20分間、遠心した。水相を取り出し、新しいチューブに移した。等量のイソプロピルアルコールを該チューブに加え、30秒間混合した。室温で5分間インキュベート後、混合物を、4℃にて、12,000gで15分間、遠心した。ペレットを、500μLの75%エタノールを添加することにより洗浄し、4℃にて、12,000gで15分間、遠心した。得られた全RNAペレットを空気乾燥させ、予想される1μgのRNA当たり、50μLのRNase不含有水で溶解させた。RNAサンプルの1:10希釈のODを、260nMおよび280nMで測定した。
ハイブリドーマ細胞(1x107)を回収し、全RNAを、脾臓組織について上述したようにTri試薬を用いて抽出した。cDNAを、上記のとおり、製造者の指示に従ってSuperScript IIIキットを用いて調製した。得られたcDNA産物を、プライマー VhRevUおよびVhForUと共に、PCRのためのテンプレートとして用いて、得られた300bpのPCR産物をPCRクリーンアップキットを用いてクリーンアップし、同じプライマーを用いて配列決定した。PCR反応はまた、軽鎖V領域特異的プライマーVkRev7およびVkFor(可変領域のみ用)またはKappaForプライマー(全体のκ軽鎖用)を用いて行った。シーケンシング反応をクリーンアップしたPCR産物に対して行い、DNA配列を得た。
IgG発現:2つのpTT5ベースのプラスミド(一方は重鎖DNAを含み、他方は、軽鎖DNAを含む)を、IgG発現のために、HEK293F細胞に同時トランスフェクションした。トランスフェクションの24時間前に、293F細胞を、8X105細胞/mlの密度に希釈した。トランスフェクション1日目に、細胞を1.1−1.3X106細胞/mlで維持した。1μgのプラスミドDNAを、1mlの細胞懸濁培養物のトランスフェクションのために使用した。80μgのDNAを、4mlの新鮮な293Fフリースタイル培地中に希釈した。240μgのトランスフェクション試薬のポリエチレンイミン(PEI)を、4mlの最終容量の293Fフリースタイル培地に希釈した。インキュベーションの3分後、4mlのDNAを4mlのPEI中に混合した。8mlのDNAおよびPEI混合物を室温で15分間インキュベートし、80mlの293F細胞懸濁培養液にゆっくり添加した。細胞を、オービタルシェーカープラットフォームで、130rpmの速度で、37℃、5%CO2にてインキュベートし、4日目に回収した。
精製したIgGを、精製したCB1受容体(CB1立体構造抗原提示システム(iCAPS))への結合についてELISAにより試験した。非ビオチニル化抗原(例えば、空のiCAPS)をMaxisorpプレート上に直接コーティングした。一次抗体は、1:3で連続希釈した精製したIgGであって、プレート上で1時間インキュベートした。PBSTで3回洗浄後、二次抗体HRPヤギ抗マウスIgG(Abmart)またはHRPヤギ抗ヒトIgG(Sigma)、をIgGの種類に応じて添加し、さらに1時間インキュベートした。プレートをPBSTで3回洗浄し、次いでTMB(Biopanda)を用いて発光させた。HClをプレートに添加して反応を停止させた。450nMでの吸光度をEmax精密マイクロプレートリーダー(Molecular Devices)で読み取った。結合データを表6にまとめる。
TRex CHO親細胞、CB1を過剰発現するTRex CHO A56(CB1 T210A/融合パートナー)および天然のヒトCB1 TRex CHO A156を、フラスコから回収した。100μLの1x106細胞/mlの細胞を、一次抗体IgGと共にインキュベートした。抗ヒトおよび二次抗体PE結合抗マウス抗体を1:200倍希釈した。抗ヒトFab FITCを1:32倍希釈した。細胞を200μLのFACS緩衝液で2回洗浄し、BD 5mlファルコンチューブに移し、フローサイトメトリーにより分析した。初めに、精製したIgGの結合を、30nMおよび300nMの濃度で試験した。結合体を図1A−1Fに示すように同定した。
TRex CHO A156天然ヒトCB1細胞を用いて、36E12B6C2およびP1C4が同様のエピトープに結合するかどうかを試験した。P1C4および36E12B6C2のEC80およびEC50での濃度を染色のために用いた。過剰量のPA13R3−P1C4 IgG、Fabおよび36E12B6C2を競合のために用いた。100μlの1x106細胞/mlのA156細胞を、氷上で30分間、競合用(competitor)IgGと共にインキュベートし、その後、染色用IgGを混合物に添加して、氷上で30分間インキュベーションした。200μlのFACS緩衝液で2回洗浄後、細胞を二次抗体と共に氷上で30分間インキュベートした。PE結合抗ヒトおよび抗マウス抗体を1:200倍に希釈した。細胞を200μlのFACS緩衝液で2回洗浄し、BDファルコン5mlチューブに移し、FACSによって分析した。
cAMP機能アッセイを行い、抗体のアンタゴニスト作用を測定した。cAMP機能アッセイ(Cisbio)を、白色384ウェル低容量プレート(Greiner)で行った。8000細胞/ウェルのCB1を安定発現するTRex CHO細胞を該プレートに播種し、次いで種々の濃度のアンタゴニスト(10μMから0μMの範囲)と共に、室温で10分間インキュベートした。5μMのフォルスコリン(Sigma Aldrich)および9μMのカンナビノイドCP55940(Sigma Aldrich)を細胞刺激混合物に加え、室温で30分間インキュベートして、CB1を活性化した。インキュベーションの30分後、5μLのcAMP−d2(Cisbio社が提供する複合体および溶解バッファーで1:39希釈)および5μLの抗cAMPクリプテート(Cisbio社が提供する複合体および溶解バッファーで1:9希釈)を細胞刺激物に添加し、1時間インキュベートした。FRETシグナルを、Envisionマルチラベルプレートリーダー(Perkin Elmer)を用いて、620nMでの抗cAMPクリプテート励起および665nMでの放出において、検出した。データ分析をGraphPad Prismを用いて行った。
mAbのアンタゴニスト活性をさらに確認するため、CB1受容体シグナル伝達経路の一部としてのERK活性化を評価した。試験の2日前に、Trex−CHO CB1受容体細胞を、500,000細胞/ウェルで6ウェルプレート中に播種した。1μg/mLのテトラサイクリンを用いて、24時間後にCB1受容体発現を誘導した。細胞を、試験の少なくとも2時間前から血清枯渇状態にした。300nMの精製したIgGを該培養培地に添加し、30分後、細胞をCB1受容体アゴニストWIN55,212(100nM)で10分間および15分間刺激した。細胞溶解物を集め、ERK活性化レベルをウェスタンブロットにより決定した。抗ERKおよび抗リン酸特異的ERK抗体は、Cell Signaling Inc社から入手した。
cAMPアゴニスト機能アッセイ(Cisbio)を、白色384ウェル低容量プレート(Greiner)で行った。8000細胞/ウェルのCB1を安定に発現するTRex CHO細胞をプレートに播種し、次いで種々の濃度のアゴニスト(1.5μMから0μMの範囲)と共に室温にて10分間インキュベートした。アゴニスト活性(図6Aおよび6B)について試験するために、5μMのフォルスコリン(Sigma Aldrich)を細胞刺激混合物に添加して、室温にて30分間インキュベートした。正のアロステリックモジュレーター活性(図6Cおよび6D)を評価するために、5μMのフォルスコリン(Sigma Aldrich)および1μMのCP55940を細胞刺激混合物に添加し、室温にて30分間インキュベートした。
ELISA結合アッセイを行い、CB1を発現するiCAPS(タンパク質1配列とのICL3天然配列置換を含むA138およびBRILとのICL3天然配列置換を含むA139)、5HT2Bを発現するiCAPS(h13h)、空のiCAPS、またはrBril−0918へのCB1受容体IgGまたはFab抗体ン結合を評価した。試験されたIgG分子およびFab分子は、陰性対照BRIL結合体であるP1F7 IgGおよびP1F7 Fabと比較して、36E12B6C2 IgG、36E12B6C2 Fab、PA13R3−P1C4 IgGおよびPA13R3−P1C4 Fabであった。IgG抗体の場合、結合を検出するために用いた二次抗体は、抗マウスIgG−HRPであった。Fabの場合、結合を検出するために用いた二次抗体は抗ヒトIgG−HRPであった。試験結果は、図8Aおよび8Bならびに以下の表8に示す。A138 iCAPSおよびA139 iCAPS結合の両方について、36E12B6C2 Fabは、36E12B6C2 IgGより顕著に高いC50値を示した。対照的に、PA13R3−P1C4 IgGおよびFabは、A139およびA138の両方への結合について、ほぼ等しいEC50値を示した。CB1抗体またはFabのいずれも、rBril−0918、空のiCAP、または5HT2Bを発現するiCAPSへの結合を示さなかった。対照mAb P1F7はBRILを認識し、それ故に、ICL3中にBRIL融合を含むA139への結合を示すが、BRILを欠くA138には結合しなかった。
CB1内在化を誘導するWIN55,212(CB1特異的アゴニスト)に対するCB1抗体の影響を、フローサイトメトリーによって調べた。5x105細胞/ウェルのCB1を安定に発現するTRex−CHO細胞を6ウェルプレートに播種した。テトラサイクリン(1μg/ml)を、24時間、培養培地に添加して、CB1発現を誘導した。試験日、細胞を2時間、血清飢餓にした。その後、細胞をCB1抗体(300nM)、AM6545(CB1ニュートラルアンタゴニスト)および陰性対照(BRIL結合体)と共に30分間プレインキュベートした。次いで、CB1アゴニスト(1μM WIN55,212)を培養培地に1時間添加し、受容体内在化を誘導した。CB1の表面発現を、R&Dからの抗CB1 N末端マウスモノクローナル抗体で染色し、平均蛍光強度(MFI)をフローサイトメトリーを用いて測定した。試験結果を図9Aに示す。CB1アゴニスト WIN55,212での処理は、対照と比較してMFIの減少を示し、CB1の内在化を示唆した(図9A、ヒストグラムの上列)。CB1特異的ニュートラルアンタゴニストAM6545での前処理は、WIN55,212により誘導されるCB1受容体内在化を阻害した(図9A、ヒストグラムの上列)。CB1抗体(300nM)の前処理は、WIN55,212により誘導されるCB1受容体内在化に影響を与えなかった(図9A、ヒストグラムの中央と下列)。
ヒト化P1C4抗体を作製し、効力、特異性および親和性について試験した。ヒト化P1C4抗体を作製するために、ヒトフレームワークを、P1C4とヒト生殖系列VHおよびVK遺伝子との相同性に基づいて選択した。選択されたフレームワークは、PIC4 VHおよびVK領域と最も高い相同性を有し、PIC4によって提示されると予測されるCDR構造を支持することができるように、コンピュータモデリングに基づいて選択された。
以下のヒト化抗体を作製した:(1)P1C4−H0−IgG;(2)P1C4−H2(YE)−IgG(重鎖可変領域におけるG27YおよびT28E変異を含む);および、(3)P1C4−H4(YENG)−IgG(重鎖可変領域におけるG27Y、T28E、A60N、Q61G変異を含む)。
低下したエフェクター機能を示すように設計されたCB1アンタゴニスト抗体を構築し、試験した。次のFc改変の1つまたはそれ以上を有するCB1アンタゴニスト抗体を作製した:(1)位置228でのセリンからプロリンへの変異(S228P)を有するIgG4定常領域;(2)位置330でのアラニンからセリンへの変異(A330S)および位置331でのプロリンからセリンへの変異(P331S)を有するIgG2定常領域;ならびに、(3)IgG2/IgG4ハイブリッド定常領域。
試験を、マウスにおいてインビボで、CB1抗体P4B5の生体内分布を決定するために行った。抗体P4B5をVivotag 680 XL(Perkin Elmer)で標識し、無毛マウス(群当たりn=4)に5mg/kgまたは25mg/kgの標識した抗体を静脈内(IV)注射した。全身のイメージングを、以下の時点で、蛍光媒介断層撮影(FMT)を用いて行い、種々の組織の蛍光を測定した:0時間(0h)、1h、5h、24h、48h、72h、96hおよび144h。標識したP4B5は、図12に示す通り、標識していないP4B5と比較して、CB1細胞に対して同様の結合親和性を示した。標識していないP4B5についてのEC50は60.5nMであり、Vivotag 680 XLで標識したP4B5についてのEC50は57.8nMであった。
異なるヒトIgGサブクラスのうち、IgG2およびIgG4サブクラスのFc領域は、FcγRまたは補体1q(C1q)を活性化するようなエフェクター分子にほとんど結合せず、結果として、低いエフェクター機能活性となる。免疫エフェクター機能の活性化を最小限にするために、ヒト化リード抗体シリーズのP1C4−H2およびP1C4−H4を、さらなる特徴付けのために、3つのヒトFcフレームワーク変異体、IgG2、IgG4およびIgG2とIgG4とのハイブリッドにクローニングした。
クリプテート標識した抗cAMP抗体およびd2標識したcAMPを用いる競合イムノアッセイフォーマットに基づく市販のキット(Cisbio)を使用して、CB1を安定に発現するTRex−CHO細胞において細胞内cAMPレベルの変化を測定することにより、PA13R3−P1C4ヒト化変異体抗体を特徴付けた。細胞数、フォルスコリン濃度およびCP55,940濃度を、製造者の指示書に従って最適化した。cAMPアンタゴニスト機能アッセイを白色384ウェル低容量プレート(Greiner)にて行った。ヒトCB1を発現するTRex−CHO細胞を、8000細胞/ウェルの密度で血清不含有HamのF12培地に播種し、次いで種々の濃度のmAbまたは対照化合物と共に22℃にて10分間インキュベートした。5μMのフォルスコリン(EC20にて、Sigma Aldrich)および9nMのCP55,940(EC80にて、Sigma Aldrich)を、続けて細胞に添加し、22℃にて30分間インキュベートして、それぞれがアデニリルシクラーゼ活性を増強させ、CB1シグナル伝達を活性化させた。その後、5μLのcAMP−d2(Cisbioが提供する複合体および溶解バッファーで1:39希釈)および5μLの抗cAMPクリプテート(Cisbioが提供する複合体および溶解バッファーで1:9希釈)を細胞に添加し、22℃にて1時間インキュベートした。FRETシグナルを、620nMでの抗cAMPクリプテート励起および665nMでの放出にて、Envisionマルチラベルプレートリーダー(Perkin Elmer)で検出した。データ分析をGraphPadプリズムを用いて行った。
本発明者らは、親抗体PA13R3−P1C4が、WIN55,212により誘導されるERK活性化を阻害することを実施例10および図5Aに示した。PA13R3−P1C4ヒト化変異体もまたWIN55,212により誘導されたERK活性化を阻害することを確認するために、本発明者らは、これらの抗体のWIN55,212により誘導されたERKリン酸化を阻害する能力を試験した。
フローサイトメトリーを用いて、アゴニストまたはアンタゴニスト化合物の存在下または不存在下での、CB1受容体内在化アッセイにおいて、PA13R3−P1C4およびヒト化変異体抗体の活性を特徴付けた。
PA13R3−P1C4ヒト化変異体の結合親和性を、CB1を安定にトランスフェクトしたTRex CHO細胞を用いてフローサイトメトリーにより決定した。テトラサイクリンを誘導可能なヒトCB1、ヒトCB2またはマウスCB1発現構築物を安定にトランスフェクトしたTRex CHO親細胞およびTRex−CHO細胞を回収した。試験抗体の結合を決定するために、100μLの1x106細胞/mLの細胞を、1μMから1.3nMの濃度範囲の試験抗体と共に氷上で30分間インキュベートした。その後、細胞を、4℃にて、1600rpmで3分間遠心した。上清を吸引し、細胞を200μLのFACS緩衝液で洗浄した。洗浄手段を2回繰り返した。最後の洗浄後、細胞を、PE結合抗ヒトFc二次抗体(1:200希釈)を含むFACS緩衝液に再懸濁し、4℃で30分間インキュベートした。細胞を200μLのFACS緩衝液で2回洗浄し、フローサイトメトリー(Guava)により分析した。データ分析および結合親和性(KD)の測定を、GraphPad Prismソフトウェアを用いて行った。PA13R3−P1C4ヒト化変異体の平均解離定数(KD)を、タンパク質の少なくとも2つの異なるバッチを用いて、少なくとも4つの異なる試験を平均することにより、決定した(図20A−Dおよび表16)。
細胞表面に発現されるCB1へのP1C4の結合能力に対するECL2変異の効果を試験するために、本発明者らは、 部位特異的変異誘発によってCB1細胞発現構築物を構築した。該して、2つのオリゴ、Apollo_ECL2_h2m_F(CTGCAATCTGTTTGCTCAGACATTTTCCCACTCATTGATGAAACCTACCT)(配列番号826)およびApollo_ECL2_h2m_R(GGAAAATGTCTGAGCAAACAGATTGCAGTTTCTTGCAGTTCCAGCCCAGG)(配列番号827)をPCR反応のプライマーとして用い、テンプレートとしてpcDNA4TO−ヒトCB1を用いた。ECL2にE→KおよびH→L変異を導入する反応により、マウスCB1 ECL2と同一のヒトCB1 ECL2配列を作製した。50μLのPCR反応混合物は、10μLの5×PCR緩衝液、2μLのdNTP(各10mM)、0.25μLの各フォワードおよびリバースプライマー(100μMストック)、50ngのテンプレートDNA、1μLのDMSOおよび1μLのPhusionポリメラーゼ(NEB)を含んだ。PCRサイクルは、95℃にて30秒、55℃にて1分、72℃にて7分であって、これを16回繰り返す。PCR反応の完了後、1μLのDpnI(20U/μL)をPCR産物に添加した。PCR産物を37℃にて1時間インキュベートし、その後、その1μLをDh5α 大腸菌に形質転換した。得られた形質転換体を播種し、単一コロニーを、変異を確認するために配列決定した。得られた構築物を、pcDNA4TO−ヒト/マウスECL2交換CB1−IRES−GFPと名付けた。
ヒト化P1C4変異体P1C4−h2−IgG2およびP1C4−h2−IgG4のエフェクター機能の推定される不存在を確認するために、抗体依存性細胞細胞傷害(ADCC)アッセイおよび補体依存性細胞傷害(CDC)アッセイをDaudi細胞を用いて行った。
試験を、PA13R3−P1C4およびそのヒト化変異体抗体が、ウェスタンブロット分析により変性したCB1タンパク質(Hisタグを付した、N/C末端切断型CB1)上のエピトープ(複数可)を認識するかどうかを調べるために、行った。精製したヒトCB1タンパク質(レーンあたり750ng)を、ベータ−メルカプトエタノール(二重らせん)を含むSDS還元バッファーと混合した。変性したCB1組換えタンパク質を、12%還元SDS−PAGEゲル上にローディングし、タンパク質を120Vで1時間分離させ、その後、PVDF膜(メタノールに予め浸した)に300mAで70分間、電気的に転写した。膜を、22℃にて、5%NFDM/PBS−Tで1時間ブロッキングし、次いで、5%NFDM/PBS−T中で、4℃にて一晩、試験抗体(2μg/mL)で免疫ブロッティングした。市販のマウス抗His抗体およびマウス抗CB1抗体(R&D Systems)を陽性対照として用いて、本試験で使用する組換えCB1タンパク質からのぞかれたC末端領域を認識するウサギ抗CB1抗体(Cayman)を陰性対照として用いた。
PA13R3−P1C4 Fab結合親和性を決定するため、完全な結合曲線を、フローサイトメトリーによってテトラサイクリンで誘導されるCB1発現構築物を安定にトランスフェクトしたTRex−CHO細胞を用いて、ある範囲の濃度で試験することによりCB1受容体に対して作成した。3μMから0.1μMの3倍連続希釈液を調製した。FITC結合抗ヒト抗体を用いて、PA13R3−P1C4 Fabを検出した。PA13R3−P1C4 Fabは、TRex−CHO CB1細胞に用量依存的に結合した(図24Aおよび表17)。
本発明者らは、低および高pH下での安定性を測定し、最大溶解度をテストするための試験を行うことにより、PA13R3−P1C4ヒト化Fc変異体の安定性および溶解性を特徴付けた。本発明者らはまた、複数回の凍結/解凍サイクルおよびpHシフトの条件下後に、ヒトおよび非ヒト霊長動物血清中、加速条件下でこれらの分子の安定性を特徴づけた。
各CDR上の各アミノ酸位置の役割を調べるために、部位特異的飽和突然変異誘発を、キメラP1C4Fabの各CDR位置に行った。NNSまたは特定の子ドンを含む変異原性プライマーを合成し、Tris−EDTA緩衝液中に溶解し、10μMワーキングストックまで希釈した。25μLのPCR反応液を、正確性と増幅性が高い(high fidelity)DNAポリメラーゼを用いて96ウェルプレートにセットした。得られたPCR産物を、37℃にて5時間、各ウェル中で0.8μLのDpnI(20U/μL)を用いて処理した。DpnI処理したPCR産物(2μL)を、30μlの大腸菌Dh5αコンピテント細胞にトランスフェクトした。DNAを、ミニプレップして形質転換体から単離し、配列決定して、所望の変異を同定した。所望のクローンからのプラスミドDNAを用いて、大腸菌BL21(CodonPlus)コンピテント細胞を形質転換した。単一コロニーを、Fabタンパク質発現のために使用した。
P1C4−h2−IgG4抗体を、製造者の指示書に従ってLightning−Link HRPコンジュゲーションキット(Innova Bioscience、701−0010)を用いて標識した。パラフィルム処理したヒト肝臓サンプルのスライドを、Clearene溶媒(Leica Biosystems)で5分間処理した後、最終的に50%濃度までエタノールで濃縮した。その後、スライドを、PBSで簡易に洗浄後に、メタノール/過酸化水素中に15分間浸した。その後、スライドを、抗原賦活化(Antigen retrieval)のために温めながらクエン酸生理食塩水(ベクター、H−3300)で処理し、次いで、予め温めたPBS(350ml)およびトリプシン(2.45ml)中、37℃にて水浴中に20分間、置いた。PBSで洗浄後、スライドをカゼイン(ベクター、SP−5020)で、室温にて1時間、ブロッキングした。ブロッキング後、1:100希釈したHRPをコンジュゲートしたP1C4−h2−IgG4またはアイソタイプ対照抗体を添加し、4℃にて一晩インキュベートした。次いで、スライドをPBSで洗浄し、3滴のベクターABC Tertiary (ベクター、PK−7100)で、22℃にて45分間、処理した。PBSを用いてスライドを3回洗浄し、DABミックス(ベクター、SK−4100)を該スライドに添加して5−10分後に、それらを再びPBSで簡易に洗浄した。その後、スライドを、マイヤーズヘマトキシリン(TCS Biosciences、HS315)で1分間、カウンター染色し、次いで、水で処理し、増加濃度のエタノール(50%から100%)で処理し、Clearene溶媒で2回処理し、その後、それらをPertex(Leica Biosystems)にマウントした。
初代肝臓星細胞(HSC)を、3名の健常ドナーから得た肝臓組織から単離した。DMEM+10%FBSで2−3回継代後、細胞をプラスチック上で活性化させ、0.5%血清含有培地に一晩入れた。次いで、細胞を、種々の濃度のリモナバン(CB1アンタゴニスト)、P1C4−h2−IgG4および非機能的対照抗体で6または24時間処理した。α−SMA、プロコラーゲンA1(I)、TIMP1およびTGFβを含む線維化を促進させる遺伝子の発現阻害を、RT−PCRにより測定し、データをプロットした。
カニクイザル(2匹のオスおよび2匹のメス/群)を、表33の処理スキームによりP1C4−h2−IgG4で処理し、CSFを示した時点で収集した。P1C4−h2−IgG4を、1ug/mLの抗ID抗体でコーティングした96ウェルプレートにCSFを添加し、HRPをコンジュゲートした抗IgG抗体(Abcam)および発色試薬を用いて検出するELISAにより定量した。
RIOプログラムは、いくつかの要因を用いて、リモナバン処理の心血管代謝効果について実証した。例えば、Pi−Sunyeret al., 2006, J Am Coll Cardio, l47:362Aを参照のこと。このように、本明細書に記載の抗CB1抗体の効果もまた、同様の心血管代謝因子に対する効果について評価された。
Claims (23)
- カンナビノイド1(CB1)受容体のインバースアゴニストであり、CB1受容体に対して約1μMまたはそれ以下の結合親和性Kdを有する、CB1受容体に結合する単離された抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- CB1受容体上の細胞外エピトープに結合する、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- ヒトCB1受容体に結合する、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- CB1受容体のシグナル伝達活性を阻害する、請求項1に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- 配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号6のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域;ならびに
配列番号10または18のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域および配列番号14または22のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域
のいずれかを含む、CB1受容体に結合する単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。 - 配列番号2に記載のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域;
配列番号4に記載のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖定常領域;
配列番号6に記載のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域;ならびに
配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖定常領域
を含む、CB1受容体に結合する単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。 - 配列番号352、353および354のそれぞれで示される重鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3、および、配列番号355、356および357のそれぞれで示される軽鎖CDR1、CDR2およびCDR3を含む、カンナビノイド1(CB1)受容体に結合する単離された抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、重鎖CDRのそれぞれおよび軽鎖CDRのそれぞれが1つのアミノ酸置換を含んでもよい、単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- 配列番号443、445−463からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1;
配列番号464−577からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2;
配列番号578−625からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3;
配列番号626−661からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1;
配列番号662−742からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2;および
配列番号743−825からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR3
の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項7に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。 - 配列番号2と少なくとも95%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、
配列番号352、443、および445−463からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1;
配列番号353および464−577からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2;および
配列番号354および578−625からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3
を含む重鎖可変領域および
配列番号6と少なくとも95%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、
配列番号355および626−661からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1;
配列番号356および662−742からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2;および
配列番号357および743−825からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3
を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。 - 配列番号4と少なくとも95%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、
配列番号352、443、および445−463からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR1;
配列番号353および464−577からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR2;および
配列番号354および578−625からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3
を含む重鎖定常領域および
配列番号8と少なくとも95%の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含み、
配列番号355および626−661からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR1;
配列番号356および662−742からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖CDR2;および
配列番号357および743−825からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖CDR3
を含む軽鎖定常領域を含む、単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。 - ヒト化抗体である、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- ヒトIgG1 Fc領域を含む、請求項11に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- 修飾されたFc領域を含む、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- 配列番号339−341からなる群より選択される重鎖可変領域アミノ酸配列、および配列番号337に記載の軽鎖可変領域を含む、カンナビノイド1(CB1)受容体に結合する単離された抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 配列番号433、配列番号434または配列番号435を含む重鎖定常領域をさらに含む、請求項14に記載の単離された抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
- 請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の抗体または抗原結合フラグメントおよび薬学的に許容される担体を含む医薬組成物。
- 肥満、糖尿病、異脂肪血症、代謝性疾患、線維症、非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、肝疾患、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、腎疾患、腎線維症、慢性腎疾患、骨粗鬆症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、心血管疾患、癌、炎症性疾患、疼痛、多発性硬化症の痙縮、および緑内障を含む眼疾患からなる群より選択される疾患または障害を処置するための医薬組成物の製造における使用のための請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- 肥満、糖尿病、異脂肪血症、代謝性疾患、線維症、非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、肝疾患、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、腎疾患、腎線維症、慢性腎疾患、骨粗鬆症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、心血管疾患、癌、炎症性疾患、疼痛、多発性硬化症の痙縮、および緑内障を含む眼疾患からなる群より選択される疾患または障害の処置における使用のための、請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- CB1受容体をアンタゴナイズすることにおける使用のための請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- CB1受容体と関連する疾患または障害を診断することにおける使用のための請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- CB1受容体を検出することにおける使用のための請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
- 請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメントをコードする核酸。
- 請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメントを発現する宿主細胞。
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