JP6551263B2 - ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 - Google Patents
ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6551263B2 JP6551263B2 JP2016040331A JP2016040331A JP6551263B2 JP 6551263 B2 JP6551263 B2 JP 6551263B2 JP 2016040331 A JP2016040331 A JP 2016040331A JP 2016040331 A JP2016040331 A JP 2016040331A JP 6551263 B2 JP6551263 B2 JP 6551263B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- image
- display
- control unit
- head
- display control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
- B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
- B60K35/213—Virtual instruments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
- B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
- B60K35/215—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays characterised by the combination of multiple visual outputs, e.g. combined instruments with analogue meters and additional displays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
- B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
- B60K35/23—Head-up displays [HUD]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
- B60K35/28—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor characterised by the type of the output information, e.g. video entertainment or vehicle dynamics information; characterised by the purpose of the output information, e.g. for attracting the attention of the driver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/60—Instruments characterised by their location or relative disposition in or on vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/80—Arrangements for controlling instruments
- B60K35/81—Arrangements for controlling instruments for controlling displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/10—Intensity circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/36—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/20—Optical features of instruments
- B60K2360/33—Illumination features
- B60K2360/334—Projection means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/014—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising information/image processing systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
- G09G2320/0686—Adjustment of display parameters with two or more screen areas displaying information with different brightness or colours
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2380/00—Specific applications
- G09G2380/10—Automotive applications
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
- Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
- Transforming Electric Information Into Light Information (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016040331A JP6551263B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| US16/080,685 US10859820B2 (en) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-01-27 | Head-up display device |
| PCT/JP2017/002843 WO2017150025A1 (ja) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-01-27 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| DE112017001091.8T DE112017001091T5 (de) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-01-27 | Head-up-anzeigevorrichtung |
| KR1020187027833A KR102093685B1 (ko) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-01-27 | 헤드업 디스플레이 장치 |
| CN201780014163.7A CN108780630B (zh) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-01-27 | 平视显示器装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016040331A JP6551263B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2017156580A JP2017156580A (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
| JP2017156580A5 JP2017156580A5 (enExample) | 2018-02-15 |
| JP6551263B2 true JP6551263B2 (ja) | 2019-07-31 |
Family
ID=59742738
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016040331A Expired - Fee Related JP6551263B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 | 2016-03-02 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10859820B2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP6551263B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR102093685B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN108780630B (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE112017001091T5 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2017150025A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE112016007015T5 (de) * | 2016-07-29 | 2019-03-21 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Anzeigevorrichtung, anzeigesteuervorrichtung und anzeigesteuerverfahren |
| KR102856578B1 (ko) * | 2022-02-11 | 2025-09-08 | 한국광기술원 | 현실감을 향상시키고 광원과 광학계가 일체화된 증강현실 장치 |
| CN115857168B (zh) * | 2022-12-16 | 2025-06-27 | 浙江炽云科技有限公司 | 导航信息的显示方法、抬头显示装置、载具及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3125367B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-21 | 2001-01-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 車両用スイッチ装置 |
| JPH08235376A (ja) * | 1995-02-22 | 1996-09-13 | Hitachi Ltd | 図形編集装置 |
| JPH0935177A (ja) | 1995-07-18 | 1997-02-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 運転支援方法および運転支援装置 |
| US7561966B2 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2009-07-14 | Denso Corporation | Vehicle information display system |
| US7403639B2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2008-07-22 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle surroundings monitoring apparatus |
| JP2006284458A (ja) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-19 | Denso Corp | 運転支援情報表示システム |
| JP4818086B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-01 | 2011-11-16 | 株式会社三共 | スロットマシン |
| EP2221654A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-25 | Thomson Licensing | Head mounted display |
| CA2822037A1 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2012-06-28 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Methods for treating hcv |
| JP5842419B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-06 | 2016-01-13 | 日本精機株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| WO2013046424A1 (ja) | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | パイオニア株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ、制御方法、及び表示装置 |
| JP4975889B1 (ja) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-07-11 | パイオニア株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ、制御方法、及び表示装置 |
| JP6027878B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-12 | 2016-11-16 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 複合表示装置 |
| US20140176425A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Sl Corporation | System and method for identifying position of head-up display area |
| US20140240204A1 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | E-Lead Electronic Co., Ltd. | Head-up display device for a smart phone |
| US20160054563A9 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-02-25 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | 3-dimensional (3-d) navigation |
| US9164281B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-10-20 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Volumetric heads-up display with dynamic focal plane |
| US9064420B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-06-23 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Augmented reality heads up display (HUD) for yield to pedestrian safety cues |
| US9392129B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-07-12 | John Castle Simmons | Light management for image and data control |
| US20140362195A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-12-11 | Honda Motor, Co., Ltd. | Enhanced 3-dimensional (3-d) navigation |
| JP6044838B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-04 | 2016-12-14 | 日本精機株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| FR3005361B1 (fr) * | 2013-05-06 | 2018-05-04 | Dassault Aviation | Dispositif d'aide au pilotage propre a afficher une animation et procede associe |
| JP6149543B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-06-21 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| DE102014219575A1 (de) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-07-23 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Verbesserte 3-Dimensionale (3-D) Navigation |
| JP5842110B2 (ja) | 2013-10-10 | 2016-01-13 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 表示制御装置、表示制御プログラム、および記録媒体 |
| JP6225379B2 (ja) | 2013-12-23 | 2017-11-08 | 日本精機株式会社 | 車両情報投影システム |
| KR101572065B1 (ko) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-11-25 | 현대모비스(주) | 영상 왜곡 보정 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 |
| JP6287351B2 (ja) | 2014-03-04 | 2018-03-07 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
| JP6550716B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-16 | 2019-07-31 | 日本精機株式会社 | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 |
-
2016
- 2016-03-02 JP JP2016040331A patent/JP6551263B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-01-27 US US16/080,685 patent/US10859820B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-01-27 CN CN201780014163.7A patent/CN108780630B/zh active Active
- 2017-01-27 WO PCT/JP2017/002843 patent/WO2017150025A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2017-01-27 KR KR1020187027833A patent/KR102093685B1/ko active Active
- 2017-01-27 DE DE112017001091.8T patent/DE112017001091T5/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20180117662A (ko) | 2018-10-29 |
| DE112017001091T5 (de) | 2018-11-29 |
| JP2017156580A (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
| WO2017150025A1 (ja) | 2017-09-08 |
| CN108780630A (zh) | 2018-11-09 |
| US20190064514A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
| KR102093685B1 (ko) | 2020-03-26 |
| US10859820B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
| CN108780630B (zh) | 2020-12-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108020923B (zh) | 车用显示装置 | |
| JP7327393B2 (ja) | 車両用表示装置 | |
| CN110341725A (zh) | 车室内显示系统 | |
| JP6617735B2 (ja) | 車両用表示装置 | |
| JP6671942B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP6551263B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP2013111999A (ja) | 車両用表示装置 | |
| JP6052050B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP2013174667A (ja) | 車両用表示装置 | |
| JP2017081456A (ja) | 表示装置及び表示方法 | |
| JP2013137355A (ja) | 表示装置およびその表示方法 | |
| JP6780960B2 (ja) | 画像表示装置 | |
| JP2017190056A (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP2018189956A (ja) | スクリーンシステム、表示システム、スクリーンシステムの制御方法、プログラム、及び表示システムを備える移動体 | |
| JP6287333B2 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| WO2021241496A1 (ja) | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置 | |
| JP5803605B2 (ja) | 画像表示装置、画像表示方法、プログラム | |
| JP5900447B2 (ja) | 車両用表示装置 | |
| JP7495584B1 (ja) | 虚像表示装置、移動体、虚像表示装置の駆動方法、及びプログラム | |
| JP2020168985A (ja) | 車両用表示装置 | |
| CN221149047U (zh) | 平视显示器 | |
| JP7760838B2 (ja) | 表示制御装置、表示装置、及び表示制御方法 | |
| JP2019028328A (ja) | 光提示装置 | |
| WO2024127923A1 (ja) | 虚像表示装置 | |
| JP2025073452A (ja) | 虚像表示装置及び虚像表示方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20171225 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20171225 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20181106 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20181225 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20190604 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20190617 |
|
| R151 | Written notification of patent or utility model registration |
Ref document number: 6551263 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |