JP6535280B2 - セルラーゼ生産菌の変異株、セルラーゼの製造方法およびセロオリゴ糖の製造方法 - Google Patents
セルラーゼ生産菌の変異株、セルラーゼの製造方法およびセロオリゴ糖の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
1.セロビオハイドロラーゼ遺伝子およびβ-グルコシダーゼ遺伝子が破壊されているセルラーゼ生産菌の変異株。
2.前記セロビオハイドロラーゼ遺伝子が糖質加水分解酵素ファミリー(Glycoside Hydrolase Family,GHF)6に属する遺伝子およびGHF7に属する遺伝子であり、前記β−グルコシダーゼ遺伝子がGHF1またはGHF3に属する遺伝子である前項1に記載の変異株。
3.前記β−グルコシダーゼ遺伝子がGHF3に属する遺伝子である前項2に記載の変異株。
4.さらに、エンドグルカナーゼ遺伝子が破壊されている前項1記載の変異株。
5.前記エンドグルカナーゼ遺伝子がGHF7に属する遺伝子である前項4に記載の変異株。
6.前記セルラーゼ生産菌がトリコデルマ(Trichoderma)属に属する微生物である前項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の変異株。
7.前記トリコデルマ属に属する微生物が、トリコデルマ・リーセイ(Trichoderma reesei)、トリコデルマ・ビリデ(Trichoderma viride)、トリコデルマ・ロンジブラチアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)からなる群から選ばれる1である前項6に記載の変異株。
8.前記トリコデルマ属に属する微生物が、トリコデルマ・リーセイである前項7に記載の変異株。
9.前記セロビオハイドロラーゼ遺伝子がcbh1遺伝子およびcbh2遺伝子であり、前記β-グルコシダーゼ遺伝子bgl1遺伝子である前項8に記載の変異株。
10.前記エンドグルカナーゼ遺伝子がegl1遺伝子である前項8または9に記載の変異株。
11.前項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の変異株を培養することにより、セルラーゼを生産することを特徴とするセルラーゼの生産方法。
12.前項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の変異株が生産するセルラーゼを用いてセルロース系物質を分解する工程を含むセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
13.セルラーゼ生産菌の変異株の作製方法であって、セロビオハイドロラーゼ遺伝子およびβ-グルコシダーゼ遺伝子を破壊する変異株の作製方法。
本発明は、セロビオハイドロラーゼ遺伝子、β-グルコシダーゼ遺伝子およびエンドグルカナーゼ遺伝子が破壊しているセルラーゼ生産菌の変異株に関する。セルラーゼ生産菌としては、例えば、トリコデルマ(Tricoderma)属、アクレモニウム(Acremonium)属、アスペルギルス(Aspergillus)属、バチルス(Bacillus)属、シュードモナス(Pseudomonas)属、ペニシリウム(Penicillium)属、アエロモナス(Aeromonus)属、イルペックス(Irpex)属、スポロトリクム(Sporotrichum)属、フミコーラ(Humicola)属等の「セルラーゼ」(講談社サイエンティフィック発行(1987))、「セルロースの事典」(朝倉書店発行(2000))に記載される微生物が挙げられる。これらの中でも、トリコデルマ(Tricoderma)属に属する微生物が好ましい。
参考文献2:Gene 51(1),43−52(1987)
参考文献3:Thesis(1993)Mikrobielle Biochemie,Inst.biochem.Technol
参考文献4:Nat Biotechnol.26,553−560(2008)
参考文献5:「Homology between cellulase genes of Trichoderma reeseikoron complete nucleotide sequence of the endoglucanase I gene」Penttila,M., Lehtovaara,P., Nevalainen,H., Bhikhabhai,R. and Knowles,J. Gene 45(3),253−263(1986)
セルラーゼを用いたセルロースの酵素的分解によるセロオリゴ糖生産は、公知の方法を使用すればよく、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、基質としてセルロース系物質を水性媒体中に懸濁させ、本発明の方法で製造されたセルラーゼを添加し、攪拌または振とうしながら、加温して糖化反応を行う方法が挙げられる。
(1)cbh2破壊株(ΔC2)、bgl1破壊株(ΔB1)の作製
図9(a)に示すように、マーカーリサイクル法により、cbh2破壊株を取得した。5−FOA耐性を指標にして、遺伝子破壊法にて取得したウリジン要求性株(pyr4―)をcbh2遺伝子破壊カセットでプロトプラスト―PEG法により形質転換し、ウリジンを含まない培地で生育する形質転換体を取得した。さらに、得られた形質転換体の中からサザンブロット解析によって、破壊カセットが二重交叉により目的の位置に1コピー導入された株を選択した。その後、得られた株の胞子を5−FOAを含む培地に塗布し、分子内相同組換えによってpyr4が切り出された結果再び5−FOA耐性となり生育してきたコロニーを得た。このうちの一株をcbh2破壊株(ΔC2)とした。同様の方法でbgl1破壊株(ΔB1)を作製した。
図9(b)に示すように、該cbh2破壊株を用いて、マーカーリサイクル法により、cbh1およびcbh2破壊株を作製した。さらに、図9(c)および図10に示すように、該cbh1およびcbh2破壊株を用いて、マーカーリサイクル法により、cbh1およびcbh2およびbgl1破壊株を作製した。さらに、該cbh1およびcbh2およびbgl1破壊株を用いて、マーカーリサイクル法により、cbh1およびcbh2およびbgl1およびegl1破壊株を作製した。
得られた遺伝子破壊株のセルラーゼの発現を確認するために、胞子107個を、トリコデルマ・リーセイ用液体培地50mLを含む300mL容三角フラスコに植菌した。培地の組成は次の通りとした。
1% Avicel、0.14% (NH4)2SO4、0.2% KH2PO4、0.03% CaCl2・2H2O、0.03% MgSO4・7H2O、0.1% Bacto Polypepton、0.05% Bacto Yeast extract、0.1% Tween 80、0.1% Trace element、50mM 酒石酸緩衝液(pH4.0)
6mg H3BO3、26mg (NH4)6Mo7O24・4H2O、100mg FeCl3・6H2O、40mg、CuSO4・5H2O、8mg MnCl2・4H2O、200mg ZnCl2を蒸留水で100mlにメスアップしたもの。
タンパク質濃度は、バイオ・ラッドプロテインアッセイ(バイオ・ラッド社)を用い、595nmにおける吸光度を測定し、ウシγグロブリンを標準物質として決定した。
β−グルコシダーゼ活性は、セロビオースを基質として用い、グルコースCIIテストワコー(和光純薬株式会社)によってグルコース濃度を測定し、1分間に1μmolのセロビオースを分解する酵素量を1Uとして決定した。
エンドグルカナーゼ活性は、カルボキシメチルセルロースを基質として用い、生じた還元糖をソモジ・ネルソン法によって測定し、1分間にグルコース換算で1μmolの還元糖を遊離する酵素量を1Uとして決定した。
セロビオハイドロラーゼ活性は、結晶性セルロースを基質として用い、生じた還元糖をソモジ・ネルソン法によって測定し、1分間にグルコース換算で1μmolの還元糖を遊離する酵素量を1Uとして決定した。
セロビアーゼ活性は、セロビオースを基質として用い、グルコースCIIテストワコー(和光純薬株式会社)によってグルコース濃度を測定し、1分間に2μmolのグルコースを遊離する酵素量を1Uとして決定した。
アビセラーゼ活性は、Avicelを基質として用い、生じた還元糖をソモジ・ネルソン法によって測定し、1分間にグルコース換算で1μmolの還元糖を遊離する酵素量を1Uとして決定した。
CMCアーゼ活性は、カルボキシメチルセルロースを基質として用い、生じた還元糖をソモジ・ネルソン法によって測定し、1分間にグルコース換算で1μmolの還元糖を遊離する酵素量を1Uとして決定した。
キシラナーゼ活性は、キシランを基質として用い、生じたキシロースはDNS(Dinitrosalicylic acid)法を用いて測定し、1分間にキシロース換算で1μmolの還元糖を遊離する酵素量を1Uとして決定した。
陰イオン交換樹脂であるDEAE-Sepharoseに50mMリン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)の条件下で吸着した画分をNaClで溶出することにより、ΔC2株より得られたセルラーゼからCBH1を除去した酵素標品を得た。該酵素標品を陽イオン交換樹脂であるMono-Sに50mM酢酸緩衝液(pH4.0)の条件下で供し、吸着しなかった画分をβ−グルコシダーゼ1を除去した分画酵素(ΔC2−C1−B1)とした。
セルラーゼによるオリゴ糖生産能の評価は、リン酸膨潤セルロースを基質として用い、糖分析カラムであるKS-802を用いてHPLC分析することによって行った。
(1)単一遺伝子破壊株より得られた酵素を用いたオリゴ糖生産能の評価
親株(トリコデルマ・リーセイPC−3−7)、bgl1破壊株(ΔB1)、cbh2破壊株(ΔC2)から得られたセルラーゼのオリゴ糖生産能を評価した結果を表2および図15に示す。
cbh1、cbh2およびbgl1破壊株(ΔC2ΔC1ΔB1、酵素遺伝子3重破壊株)から得られたセルラーゼのオリゴ糖生産能を評価した結果を表3および図16に示す。
親株(トリコデルマ・リーセイPC3−7)より得られたセルラーゼからCBH1、CBH2およびβ−グルコシダーゼ1を除去した分画酵素(ΔC2−C1−B1)、およびcbh1、cbh2およびbgl1破壊株(ΔC2ΔC1ΔB1、酵素遺伝子3重破壊株)より得られたセルラーゼを用いてオリゴ糖生産能を評価した。その結果を表4および図17に示す。
cbh1、cbh2、bgl1およびegl1破壊株(ΔC2ΔC1ΔB1ΔEG1、酵素遺伝子4重破壊株)から得られたセルラーゼのオリゴ糖生産能を評価した結果を表5および図18に示す。
図19に示すように、cbh1、cbh2、bgl1およびegl1破壊株(ΔC2ΔC1ΔB1ΔEG1、酵素遺伝子4重破壊株)から得られたセルラーゼによるセロトリオースの生産量は、糖化時間が72時間のとき最大0.19g/g−substrateであった。72時間以上糖化を行ったとき、三糖の生産量はほぼ変化しなったが、二糖および単糖の生産量は増加した。このことから、酵素糖化72時間のとき三糖の生産速度とセロトリオースの分解速度が平衡状態にあることが分かった。
Claims (6)
- セロビオハイドロラーゼ遺伝子、β-グルコシダーゼ遺伝子、およびエンドグルカナーゼ遺伝子が破壊されているセルラーゼ生産菌の変異株であって、
前記セロビオハイドロラーゼ遺伝子がcbh1遺伝子およびcbh2遺伝子であり、前記β-グルコシダーゼ遺伝子がbgl1遺伝子であり、前記エンドグルカナーゼ遺伝子がegl1遺伝子であり、
前記セルラーゼ生産菌がトリコデルマ(Trichoderma)属に属する微生物であり、
前記変異株により生産されるセルラーゼはセルロース系原料から三糖以上のセロオリゴ糖を生産可能であり、
前記変異株により生産されるセルラーゼのCMCアーゼ活性が、同一条件で培養した親株により生産されるセルラーゼのCMCアーゼ活性よりも低いことを特徴とする、
前記変異株。 - 前記トリコデルマ属に属する微生物が、トリコデルマ・リーセイ(Trichoderma reesei)、トリコデルマ・ビリデ(Trichoderma viride)、トリコデルマ・アトロビリデ(Trichoderma atroviride)、トリコデルマ・ロンジブラチアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)からなる群から選ばれる1である請求項1に記載の変異株。
- 前記トリコデルマ属に属する微生物が、トリコデルマ・リーセイである請求項2に記載の変異株。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の変異株を培養することにより、セルラーゼを生産することを特徴とするセルラーゼの生産方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の変異株が生産するセルラーゼを用いてセルロース系物質を分解する工程を含むセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
- セルラーゼ生産菌のセロビオハイドロラーゼ遺伝子、β-グルコシダーゼ遺伝子、およびエンドグルカナーゼ遺伝子を破壊する、セルラーゼ生産菌変異株の作製方法であって、
前記セロビオハイドロラーゼ遺伝子がcbh1遺伝子およびcbh2遺伝子であり、前記β-グルコシダーゼ遺伝子がbgl1遺伝子であり、前記エンドグルカナーゼ遺伝子がegl1遺伝子であり、
前記セルラーゼ生産菌がトリコデルマ(Trichoderma)属に属する微生物であり、
前記変異株により生産されるセルラーゼはセルロース系原料から三糖以上のセロオリゴ糖を生産可能であり、
前記変異株により生産されるセルラーゼのCMCアーゼ活性が、同一条件で培養した親株により生産されるセルラーゼのCMCアーゼ活性よりも低いことを特徴とする、
前記作製方法。
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