JP6416865B2 - 真菌増殖の阻害または低減 - Google Patents
真菌増殖の阻害または低減 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6416865B2 JP6416865B2 JP2016502117A JP2016502117A JP6416865B2 JP 6416865 B2 JP6416865 B2 JP 6416865B2 JP 2016502117 A JP2016502117 A JP 2016502117A JP 2016502117 A JP2016502117 A JP 2016502117A JP 6416865 B2 JP6416865 B2 JP 6416865B2
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Description
本出願は、2013年3月14日に出願された米国仮出願第61/783,395号及び2013年3月14日に出願された米国仮出願第61/783,573号の利益を主張し、これらは、それら全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
実施例1:クラドスポリウム真菌感染の阻害
図1に示される画像は、モモへの誘導された触媒の曝露を含む全ての実験に典型的なものである。実験を、ハイドロクーリング、洗浄、ならびにワックス及び抗菌剤の適用のプロセスを行ったモモに実行した。誘導された触媒で処理したモモは、目に見えるカビの増殖がなかったが、抗菌剤で処理したモモは、著しいカビの増殖を見せた(図1)。全てのモモ(処理及び未処理)を、まず、同様のモモ(寸法、色、一般的な見た目、及び斑点/傷のないもの)の群に分け、次いで、対照(処理したモモ)及び実験(誘導された細胞から作製した触媒に曝露したもの)という亜群に無作為化した。したがって、対照及び実験のいずれの亜群も、類似のモモを含んだ。したがって、対照のモモのカビの外観は、対照及び実験群の試料を選択するプロセスに起因するものではなかった。
好冷真菌であるジオマイセス・デストラクタンスは、冬眠中のコウモリに罹患する、コウモリにおける「白鼻症候群(White Nose Syndrome)」の原因となる物質である。現在までに、400万匹のコウモリがこの疾患により死亡しており、これは、自然受粉に多大な悪影響を有している。
誘導されたロドコッカス・ロドクラウスDAP 96253細胞における選択された酵素の活性に対する低温の影響を、異なる保存緩衝液において評価した。結果を表3に示す。
手順
1mlのグリセロールストックを250mlの栄養培地に移すことによって、−80℃で保存したグリセロールストックからロドコッカス種DAP 96253培養を開始した。2日間150rpmで撹拌しながら、培養物を30℃でインキュベートした。栄養寒天プレートに接種し、30℃で2日間インキュベートした。これらのプレートからの細胞を擦り取り、グルコースならびに以下の添加剤:コバルト、尿素、及びアスパラギンが補充されたYEMEAプレートのための接種材料として使用した。YEMEAプレートを30℃で1週間インキュベートした。細胞を、YEMEAプレートから擦り取り、計量し(5〜10g)、細胞の試料を採取し、ニトリルヒドラターゼ(NHase)アミダーゼ及びACCデアミナーゼ活性を決定した。結果を表4に示す。
10gのモモの試料(3個)を曝露後に採取し、50ml間中の10mlの水に移した。試料を氷上で押し潰し、4,000rpmで10分間遠心分離し、1mlの試料を採取し、微小遠心管に移し、13,000rpmで10分間遠心分離した。試料を1:100で希釈し、続いて1:10で希釈した。
航空便で受容される1セットのモモは、出荷の際に非常に低い温度過渡を経験すると見られた。対照のモモは、極めて加速した腐敗及びカビの関与を示した。触媒処理したモモは、最大2週間4〜7℃で悪影響の低減を示した。
手順
真菌の阻害
ロドコッカス・ロドクラウスDAP 96253培養を、1mlのグリセロールストックを、250mlの栄養培地に移すことによって、−80℃で保存したグリセロールストックから開始した。2日間150rpmで撹拌しながら、培養物を30℃でインキュベートした。栄養寒天プレートに接種し、30℃で2日間インキュベートし、モモから単離したフザリウム種を、SABプレートに筋状に蒔き、7日間増殖させた。胞子を採取し、103の胞子/mlに希釈した。
シアニドの生成を、ピクリン酸塩紙方法を使用して評価した。湿式ピクリン酸(1.4g)を100mlの2.5%炭酸ナトリウム中に溶解することによって、ピクリン酸塩紙を調製した。ワットマン濾紙を黄色のピコリン酸塩溶液に20秒間浸漬させ、次いで乾燥させ、小片に切断し、−20℃で暗所において保存した。黄色の小片は、シアニドの存在下でピンク色/赤色に変化する。
ロドコッカスを、ペトリ皿において、フザリウムとは別個の区画に尿素、コバルト、及びアスパラギンなどの異なる補充物質において増殖させた。尿素を補充した培地でロドコッカスを増殖させたとき、真菌の胞子形成/増殖に有意な阻害があり(図20)、補充物質不含培地及びコバルトのみを補充した培地は、真菌の胞子形成にいずれの遅延も示さなかった(図19)。図21は、補充物質なしで増殖させたロドコッカス細胞を、尿素補充、コバルト補充、ならびにコバルト及び尿素補充と比較する。図19〜21は、ロドコッカス細胞が培地で増殖している間の阻害を示し、図22は、尿素を補充したプレートから擦り取った細胞が、依然として真菌増殖を遅延させることに有効であり得ることを示す。これらの実験で観察された阻害は、真菌及びロドコッカスの増殖が、仕切り付きプレートを使用して分離されていたため、培地中の代謝産物または化合物に起因するものではなかった。
フザリウム及び他の真菌種の存在下で増殖させたロドコッカス・ロドクラウスDAP 96253は、真菌の胞子形成を阻害する。ロドコッカスを使用した培地はまた、真菌の胞子形成を阻害/遅延させる。
Claims (36)
- 真菌を含んでいるかまたは真菌増殖し易い場所における真菌増殖を阻害または低減させるための方法であって、前記場所の付近であるが直接ではない場所に、1つ以上の細菌を含む組成物を配置することを含み、前記1つ以上の細菌は、ロドコッカス・ロドクラウスDAP 96253(ATCC番号55899)、ロドコッカス・ロドクラウスDAP 96622(ATCC番号55898)、ロドコッカス・エリスロポリス、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択され、前記1つ以上の細菌は、前記場所での真菌増殖を阻害または低減させるのに十分な量で提供され、前記1つ以上の細菌は、ニトリルヒドラターゼ、アミダーゼ、アスパラギナーゼ、ACCデアミナーゼ、シアノアラニンシンターゼ様酵素、モノオキシゲナーゼ、ジオキシゲナーゼ、シアニダーゼ、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、1つ以上の酵素を生成するように誘導される、方法。
- 前記組成物が、尿素、カルバミン酸メチル、メタクリルアミド、アセトアミド、コバルト、アスパラギンもしくはアスパラギン誘導体、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される誘導剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記誘導剤が、尿素またはカルバミン酸、ならびにコバルト及びアスパラギンのうちの1つ以上を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、安定剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記安定剤が、トレハロースである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上の細菌は、グルタルアルデヒドで固定され、架橋される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記1つ以上の細菌が、コーティング層中に提供される、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティング層が、疎水性脂肪酸ポリエステルコーティングまたはワックスから選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、磁気材料を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記磁気材料が、鉄を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記場所が、無生物物体または材料である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記無生物物体または材料が、カウンタートップ、ダンボール箱、無機表面、包装紙、壁板、木材、医療デバイス、及び外科用包帯からなる群から選択される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記場所が、穀物サイロである、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記場所が、田畑であり、前記組成物は、前記穀物の収穫の前または最中に田畑に適用される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記場所が、植物または植物部位である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記植物または植物部位が、果実、野菜、及び花からなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記植物または植物部位が、果実または野菜であり、前記果実または野菜は、リンゴ、アプリコット、アスパラガス、アボカド、バナナ、マメ、キャベツ、カンタロープ、キュウリ、ナス、グレープフルーツ、ブドウ、ハネデューメロン、レモン、レタス、ライマメ、ライム、マンゴー、ネクタリン、オクラ、オレンジ、パパイヤ、モモ、ペッパー、パイナップル、ジャガイモ、カボチャ、大豆、ホウレン草、夏カボチャ、サツマイモ、トマト、スイカ、冬カボチャ、及びズッキーニからなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記植物または植物部位が、花である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記花が、カーネーション、バラ、ラン、マツバボタン、ゼニアオイ、ベゴニア、アンスリウム、カトレア、及びポインセチアからなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記植物または植物部位が、穀物である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記穀物が、穀実粒、デンプン粒、穀実用豆果、及び油料種子からなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記穀実粒が、トウモロコシ、モロコシ、フォニオ、キビ、コメ、ライ麦、大麦、オート麦、ライコムギ、ワイルドライス、及びテフからなる群から選択される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記デンプン粒が、アマランス、キノア、及びソバからなる群から選択される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記穀実用豆果が、大豆、インゲンマメ、ヒヨコマメ、ライマメ、サヤマメ、キマメ、レンズマメ、サヤエンドウもしくはエンドウ、ハウチワマメ、緑豆、ソラマメ、及びピーナツからなる群から選択される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記油料種子が、ナタネ(キャノーラを含む)、カラシナ、黒ガラシ、ヒマワリ種子、ベニバナ、亜麻仁(亜麻ファミリー)、麻の実(麻ファミリー)、及び芥子粒(芥子ファミリー)からなる群から選択される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記真菌増殖が、カビ、酵母、白カビ、黒穂病を引き起こす真菌、サビ病を引き起こす真菌、植物の病害を引き起こす真菌、及び動物の疾患を引き起こす真菌から成る群から選択される真菌によってもたらされる、請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記真菌が、トリコデルマ種、クロコウジカビ、アスペルギルス・フラバス、アスペルギルス・フミガーツス、アルテルナリア・アルテルナータ、エピコッカム・ニグラム、ピキア・パストリス、ジオマイセス・デストラクタンス、ジオマイセス・アスペルラツス、及びジオマイセス・パノラムからなる群から選択される、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、液体形態で提供される、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記液体が、前記場所またはその付近に噴霧される、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、液体担体をさらに含む、請求項28または29に記載の方法。
- 前記液体担体が、芳香族炭化水素、置換ナフタレン、フタル酸エステル、脂肪族炭化水素、アルコール、及びグリコールからなる群から選択される、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、固体として提供され、前記固体は、前記場所またはその付近に適用される、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記固体が、固体担体をさらに含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記固体担体が、細粉、湿潤性粉末、水分散性顆粒、及び無機充填剤からなる群から選択される、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記無機充填剤が、カルサイト、シリカ、タルク、カオリン、モンモリロナイト、アタパルジャイト、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記場所を、ニトリルヒドラターゼ、アミダーゼ、アスパラギナーゼ、ACCデアミナーゼ、シアノアラニンシンターゼ様酵素、アルカンモノオキシゲナーゼ、アンモニウムモノオキシゲナーゼ、メタンモノオキシゲナーゼ、トルエンジオキシゲナーゼ、シアニダーゼ、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される1つ以上の外因性酵素に曝露することをさらに含み、前記1つ以上の外因性酵素が、前記場所の真菌増殖を阻害または低減させるのに十分な量で、前記植物または植物部位に曝露される、請求項1〜35のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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US20180332859A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
JP2016519656A (ja) | 2016-07-07 |
CA2903704A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
WO2014160354A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
EP2970870B1 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
EP2970870A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
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