JP6415560B2 - 末端ヘテロアリールシアノビニレン基を有する化合物および前記化合物の有機太陽電池における使用 - Google Patents
末端ヘテロアリールシアノビニレン基を有する化合物および前記化合物の有機太陽電池における使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6415560B2 JP6415560B2 JP2016535423A JP2016535423A JP6415560B2 JP 6415560 B2 JP6415560 B2 JP 6415560B2 JP 2016535423 A JP2016535423 A JP 2016535423A JP 2016535423 A JP2016535423 A JP 2016535423A JP 6415560 B2 JP6415560 B2 JP 6415560B2
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 210
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 294
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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Description
本発明は、ドナー物質およびアクセプター物質を含む光活性材料であって、前記ドナー物質は、以下に記載される式(I)の1種以上の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなり、または前記アクセプター物質は、以下に記載される式(I)の1種以上の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなり、あるいは前記ドナー物質は、以下に記載される式(I)の第一の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなるとともに、前記アクセプター物質は、以下に記載される式(I)の第二の化合物を含むが、但し、前記第一の化合物および第二の化合物は同じではないものとする前記光活性材料、ならびに前記光活性材料を含む有機太陽電池に関する。また、本発明は、前記光活性材料を含む2つ以上の有機太陽電池を含むか、もしくは該有機太陽電池からなる光電変換デバイス、ならびに光活性材料におけるドナー物質もしくはアクセプター物質として使用するための、以下に記載される式(I)の化合物に関する。更に、本発明は、以下に記載される式(III)の化合物の、以下に記載される式(I)の化合物の合成における使用に関する。
世界的なエネルギー需要の増加と、未来のためのクリーンかつ持続可能なエネルギー策への関心の高まりにより、人々は、高い関心をもって再生可能な起源からのエネルギー生成に目を向けている。化石原料を削減するとともに、これらの原料の燃焼時に形成される温室効果ガスとしてはたらくCO2を減らすために、太陽光からの直接的なエネルギー発生はますます重要性を増している。利用できる全ての再生可能なエネルギー源のうち、光起電または太陽光を電気に変換するプロセスは最重要視されている。それというのも、太陽は我々に豊富な量のエネルギー、つまり現在と未来の我々のエネルギー需要を満たすのに必要とされる量よりもはるかに多くの量のエネルギーを我々に与えてくれるからである。
本発明の第一の態様によれば、ドナー物質およびアクセプター物質を含む光活性材料であって、
a.前記ドナー物質は、式(I)の1種以上の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなり、または
b.前記アクセプター物質は、式(I)の1種以上の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなり、または
c.前記ドナー物質は式(I)の第一の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなるとともに、前記アクセプター物質は式(I)の第二の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなるが、但し、前記第一および第二の化合物は同じでないものとし、
Qは、結合単位であり、
rは、0または1であり、
R1、R2は、互いに独立して、H、ハロゲン、CN、非置換のアルキルおよび置換されたアルキルからなる群から選択され、
AおよびBは、互いに独立して、
W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6は、互いに独立して、**Nおよび**C−R’からなる群から選択され、
Z1、Z2は、互いに独立して、**O、**S、**Se、**N−R、
W7、W8、W9、W10は、互いに独立して、**Nおよび**C−R’からなる群から選択され、
Z3、Z4は、互いに独立して、**O、**S、**Se、**N−R、
(i)それぞれのR’は、独立して、H、ハロゲン、非置換のアルキル、置換されたアルキル、非置換のアリール、置換されたアリール、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、NO2、CN、COR’’、COOR’’、SO2R’’およびSO3R’’からなる群から選択され、
ここで、それぞれのR’’は、独立して、非置換のアリール、置換されたアリール、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する非置換のアルキル、置換基を含めて1〜10個の炭素原子を有する置換されたアルキル、5〜7個の炭素原子を有する非置換のシクロアルキル、および置換基を含めて5〜10個の炭素原子を有する置換されたシクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、その際、前記アルキルまたはシクロアルキル基において、1つの酸素原子または2つの隣接していない酸素原子がそれぞれの炭素原子間に挿入されてよく、
または、
(ii)W1、W2、W3のそれぞれが**C−R’であるとともに、Z1が
W4、W5およびW6のそれぞれが**C−R’であるとともに、Z2が
それぞれのR’は、独立して、ハロゲン、非置換のアルキル、置換されたアルキル、非置換のアリール、置換されたアリール、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、CN、COR’’、COOR’’、SO2R’’およびSO3R’’からなる群から選択され、
ここで、それぞれのR’’は、(i)で定義した意味を有し、
かつ、それぞれのRは、前記定義の意味を有し、
または、
(iii)2つの隣接した**C−R’は一緒に結合することで追加の芳香族環または複素芳香族環または脂肪族環を形成し、
ここで、一緒に結合することで追加の芳香族環または複素芳香族環または脂肪族環を形成する前記の2つの隣接した**C−R’の部分ではない前記R’は、互いに独立して、(i)で定義された意味を有する、前記光活性材料が提供される。
本発明の文脈において、表現「光活性材料」は、少なくとも1種の正孔伝導性有機物質(ドナー物質、p型半導体)および少なくとも1種の電子伝導性有機物質(アクセプター物質、n型半導体)によって形成された光活性ヘテロ接合を有する材料を表す。
a.前記ドナー物質は、式(I)の1種以上の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなり、または
b.前記アクセプター物質は、式(I)の1種以上の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなり、または
c.前記ドナー物質は式(I)の第一の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなるとともに、前記アクセプター物質は式(I)の第二の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなるが、但し、前記第一および第二の化合物は同じでないものとし、
Qは、結合単位であり、
rは、0または1であり、
R1、R2は、互いに独立して、H、ハロゲン、CN、非置換のアルキルおよび置換されたアルキルからなる群から選択され、
AおよびBは、互いに独立して、
W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6は、互いに独立して、**Nおよび**C−R’からなる群から選択され、
Z1、Z2は、互いに独立して、**O、**S、**Se、**N−R、
W7、W8、W9、W10は、互いに独立して、**Nおよび**C−R’からなる群から選択される二価の基であり、
Z3、Z4は、互いに独立して、**O、**S、**Se、**N−R、
(i)それぞれのR’は、独立して、H、ハロゲン、非置換のアルキル、置換されたアルキル、非置換のアリール、置換されたアリール、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、NO2、CN、COR’’、COOR’’、SO2R’’およびSO3R’’からなる群から選択され、
ここで、それぞれのR’’は、独立して、非置換のアリール、置換されたアリール、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する非置換のアルキル、置換基を含めて1〜10個の炭素原子を有する置換されたアルキル、5〜7個の炭素原子を有する非置換のシクロアルキル、および置換基を含めて5〜10個の炭素原子を有する置換されたシクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、その際、前記アルキルまたはシクロアルキル基において、1つの酸素原子または2つの隣接していない酸素原子がそれぞれの炭素原子間に挿入されてよく、
または
(ii)W1、W2、W3のそれぞれが**C−R’であるとともに、Z1が
W4、W5およびW6のそれぞれが**C−R’であるとともに、Z2が
それぞれのR’は、独立して、ハロゲン、非置換のアルキル、置換されたアルキル、非置換のアリール、置換されたアリール、アルコキシ、アリールオキシ、CN、COR’’、COOR’’、SO2R’’およびSO3R’’からなる群から選択され、
ここで、それぞれのR’’は、(i)で定義した意味を有し、
かつ、それぞれのRは、前記定義の意味を有し、
または、
(iii)2つの隣接した**C−R’は一緒に結合することで、追加の芳香族環または複素芳香族環または脂肪族環を形成し、
ここで、一緒に結合することで追加の芳香族環または複素芳香族環または脂肪族環を形成する前記の2つの隣接した**C−R’の部分ではない前記R’は、互いに独立して、(i)で定義された意味を有する、前記光活性材料が提供される。
r=1であり、
R1=Hであり、
R2=Hであり、
A=B=
Z1=
r=1であり、
R1=Hであり、
R2=Hであり、
A=B=
W1=**C−R’であり、
W2=**C−R’であり、
W3=**Nであり、かつ
Z1=
W1(すなわち**C−R’)およびW2(すなわち**C−R’)は隣接しており、かつ一緒に結合されて、追加の芳香族環を形成する。
AおよびBは、互いに独立して、
Z1およびZ3は、互いに独立して、**O、**S、**Seおよび
W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6、W7、W8は、互いに独立して、**Nおよび**C−R’からなる群から選択され、
(i)それぞれのR’は、独立して、H、ハロゲン、NO2、CN、COR’’、COOR’’、SO2R’’およびSO3R’’からなる群から選択され、
ここで、それぞれのR’’は、独立して、非置換のアリール、置換されたアリール、1〜10個の炭素原子を有する非置換のアルキル、置換基を含めて1〜10個の炭素原子を有する置換されたアルキル、5〜7個の炭素原子を有する非置換のシクロアルキル、および置換基を含めて5〜10個の炭素原子を有する置換されたシクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、その際、前記アルキルまたはシクロアルキル基において、1つの酸素原子または2つの隣接していない酸素原子がそれぞれの炭素原子間に挿入されてよく、
または、
(ii)2つの隣接した**C−R’は一緒に結合することで、追加の芳香族環または複素芳香族環または脂肪族環を形成し、
ここで、一緒に結合することで追加の芳香族環または複素芳香族環または脂肪族環を形成する前記の2つの隣接した**C−R’の部分ではない前記R’は、互いに独立して、(i)で定義された意味を有することが好ましい。
ここで、*は、それぞれの場合に、式(I)の化合物の残りの部分に結合される原子を示し、
oは、互いに独立して、0、1および2からなる群から選択され、
pは、互いに独立して、0、1、2、3、4および5からなる群から選択され、
それぞれのYは、互いに独立して、C、SiおよびGeからなる群から選択され、
それぞれのXは、互いに独立して、S、Se、OおよびN−Rからなる群から選択され、
ここで、それぞれのRは、互いに独立して、H、非置換のアルキル、置換されたアルキル、非置換のシクロアルキル、置換されたシクロアルキル、非置換のアリール、置換されたアリール、非置換のヘテロアリールおよび置換されたヘテロアリールからなる群から選択され、かつ
前記単位Arのそれぞれの芳香族系の炭素原子に結合された1つ以上の水素原子は、置換基R3によって置換されていてよく、ここで、それぞれのR3は、互いに独立して、H、ハロゲン、非置換のアルキル、置換されたアルキル、非置換のシクロアルキル、置換されたシクロアルキル、非置換のアリール、置換されたアリール、非置換のヘテロアリール、置換されたヘテロアリール、NO2、CN、OR’’、COR’’、COOR’’、SO2R’’およびSO3R’’からなる群から選択され、その際、それぞれのR’’は、独立して、請求項1に定義される基から選択される、ことも好ましい。
ここで、Alkは、それぞれの場合に、互いに独立して、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する直鎖状のアルキルか、または1〜20個の炭素原子を有する分枝鎖状のアルキルかのいずれかであり、かつ
ここで、*は、それぞれの場合に、式(I)の化合物の残りの部分に結合される原子を示す、ことも好ましい。
ここで、*は、それぞれの場合に、式(I)の化合物の残りの部分に結合される原子を示す、ことが特に好ましい。
n1、n2、n3、n4、n5は、互いに独立して、0、1および2からなる群から選択され、
m1、m2、m3、m4は、互いに独立して、0、1および2からなる群から選択され、
AおよびBは、前記の通りに定義され、
それぞれのL1、L2、L3、L4は、互いに独立して、前記定義の単位Lであり、
それぞれのAr1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4およびAr5は、互いに独立して、前記定義の単位Arである]の化合物であることが更に好ましい。
ここで、Alkは、それぞれの場合に、互いに独立して、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する直鎖状のアルキルか、または1〜20個の炭素原子を有する分枝鎖状のアルキルかのいずれかである、ことが好ましい。
(i)フラーレンおよびフラーレン誘導体、好ましくはC60、C70および[6,6]−フェニル−C61−酪酸メチルエステルからなる群から選択されるフラーレンおよびフラーレン誘導体、および
(ii)3,4,9,10−ペリレンテトラカルボキシル−ビスベンゾイミダゾール(PTCBI)
の群から選択される1種以上の化合物を含むか、または該化合物からなる、ことが特に好ましい。
電子伝導特性を有する層(電子輸送層、ETL)、
いかなる放射の吸収も必要ない正孔伝導性物質を含む層(正孔輸送層、HTL)、
吸収してはならない励起子−および正孔ブロッキング層(例えばEBL)、および
倍増層
から選択される。
少なくとも部分的に透明な導電性層(最上部電極、アノード)(11)、
正孔伝導性層(正孔輸送層、HTL)(12)、
ドナー物質を含む層(13)、
アクセプター物質を含む層(14)、
励起子ブロッキングおよび/または電子伝導性層(15)、
第二の導電性層(背面電極、カソード)(16)
を有する。
少なくとも部分的に透明な導電性層(カソード)(11)、
励起子ブロッキングおよび/または電子伝導性層(12)、
アクセプター物質を含む層(13)、
ドナー物質を含む層(14)、
正孔伝導性層(正孔輸送層、HTL)(15)、
第二の導電性層(背面電極、アノード)(16)
を有する。
少なくとも部分的に透明な導電性層(アノード)(21)、
正孔伝導性層(正孔輸送層、HTL)(22)、
ドナー物質とアクセプター物質とを含み、それらがバルクヘテロ接合の形でドナー−アクセプターヘテロ接合を形成する混合層(23)、
電子伝導性層(24)、
励起子ブロッキングおよび/または電子伝導性層(25)、
第二の導電性層(背面電極、カソード)(26)
を有する。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 6.85 (m, 1H), 6.80 (d, 1H), 3.82 (s, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 6.95 (d, 1H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 3.83 (s, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 3.96 (s, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.83 (d, 1H), 7.49 (dd, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 2.73 (s, 3H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.99 (d, 1H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.59 (dd, 1H), 5.0 (s, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.01 (d, 1H), 7.68 (dd, 1H), 7.61 (m, 1H), 4.26 (s, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.24 (d, 1H), 8.04 (d, 1H), 7.87 (d,1H), 7.76 (t, 1H), 7.60 (dd, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 4.12 (s, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400Mhz, ppm): δ 8.09 (dd, 1H), δ 7.75-7.67 (m, 2H), δ 4.19 (s, 2H)。
1H-NMR (DMSO, 400MHz, ppm): δ 5.31 (s, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.95 (dd, 2H), δ 7.55-7.48 (m, 3H), δ 4.28 (s, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.67 (d, 2H), 7.50 (s, 2H), 7.39-7.37 (m, 4H), 7.11-7.09 (m, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.45 (s, 2H), 7.39-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.13-7.10 (m, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.86 (s, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.30 (d, 2H), 7.28 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (DMSO, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.98 (s, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.64 (dd, 2H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.51 (s, 2H), 7.36 (dd, 2H), 7.13 (dd, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.81 (s, 2H), 7.59 (s, 2H), 7.35 (d, 2H), 2.5(s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.38 (s, 4H), 7.34 (d, 4H), 7.36 (s, 2H), 7.10 (t, 2H), 2.48 (s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.45 (d, 4H), 7.36 (d, 4H), 7.21(s, 2H), 7.14 (d, 2H), 7.11 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (THF-d8, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.90 (s, 2H), 7.83 (s, 2H), 7.5(d, 2H), 7.4 (d, 2H), 7.11-7.09 (m, 2H)。
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.93 (s, 2H), 7.84 (d, 2H), 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.15-7.13 (m, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.52 (s, 2H), 7.06 (s, 2H), 4.59 (t, 4H), 1.82-1.76 (m, 4H), 0.90 (t, 6H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.67 (s, 2H), 7.31-7.29 (dd, 2H), 7.22 (s, 2H), 7.24 (d, 2H), 7.09-7.06 (m, 2H), 4.26 (t, 4H), 1.94-1.88 (m, 4H), 1.03 (t, 6H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.55 (s, 2H), 7.46 (s, 2H), 7.34 (d, 4H), 7.1 (t, 2H), 4.20 (t, 2H) 1.95-1.92 (m, 2H), 0.98 (t, 3H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.61 (s, 2H), 7.09 (d, 2H), 7.07 (d, 2H), 4.46 (t, 4H), 1.89-1.83 (m, 4H), 0.93 (t, 6H)。
1H-NMR (THF-d8, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.61 (s, 2H), 7.4 (d, 4H), 7.31 (d, 2H), 7.28 (s, 2H), 7.08-7.06 (m, 2H), 4.29 (t, 4H), 1.87-1.81 (m, 4H), 0.95 (t, 6H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.98 (s, 2H), 8.23 (d, 2H), 8.08 (d, 2H), 7.89 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (THF-d8, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.33 (d, 2H), 8.17 (s, 2H), 7.79 (d, 2H), 7.77 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.12-7.10 (m, 2H)。
1H-NMR (THF-d8, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.86 (s, 2H), 8.20 (d, 2H), 8.12 (d, 2H) 7.82 (d, 2H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.51 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (THF-d8, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.22 (d, 2H), 8.11 (s, 2H), 7.72 (d, 2H), 7.61 (d, 2H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 7.46-7.43 (m, 4H), 7.37 (d, 2H), 7.10-7.08 (m, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.65 (s, 2H), 8.32 (s, 2H), 7.91 (s, 2H), 7.13 (s, 2H), 4.59 (t, 4H), 1.92-1.95 (m, 4H), 0.99 (t, 6H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.28 (s, 2H), 7.84 (s, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.52 (s, 2H), 7.32 (d, 2H) 7.08-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.99 (s, 2H), 4.24 (t, 2H), 1.93-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.02 (t, 6H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 10.05 (s, 2H), 7.88 (s, 2H), 4.58 (t, 4H), 1.97 (m, 4H), 0.89 (t, 6H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.88 (s, 2H), 7.56 (s, 2H), 7.40 (dd, 4H), 7.15 (t, 2H), 4.57 (t, 4H) 1.99-1.98 (m, 4H), 0.89 (t, 6H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.63 (s,2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.89 (s, 2H), 8.02 (d, 2H), 7.91 (d, 2H), 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.50 (d, 2H) 7.43 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.06 (d, 2H), 7.87 (s, 2H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.47 (s, 2H), 7.45 (d, 2H) 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.37 (d, 4H), 7.14-7.12 (m, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.25 (d, 2H), 7.50 (d, 4H), 7.34 (d, 4H), 7.25-7.21 (dd, 2H), 7.10-7.08 (m, 2H) 6.94 (d, 2H), 3.75 (t, 4H), 2.78 (t, 4H), 1.95 (m,2H), 1.68-1.61 (m,4H), 1.52-1.29 (m,28H), 0.98 (t,6H), 0.88 (m,12H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.89 (s, 2H), 8.88 (d, 2H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 4.02 (d, 4H), 3.74 (t, 4H), 1.89-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.1.20 (m, 40H), 0.82 (t, 12H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.91 (d, 2H), 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.42 (d, 4H), 7.36 (s, 2H), 7.31 (d, 4H), 7.09-7.08 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, 2H), 4.05 (t, 4H), 3.74 (t, 4H), 1.96-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.33-1.1.23 (m, 40H), 0.84 (t, 12H)。
1H-NMR (THF-d8, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.19 (s, 2H), 8.01 (d, 2H), 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.81 (d, 2H), 7.73 (d, 2H) 7.61 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.87 (s, 2H), 7.75 (d, 2H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.66 (d, 2H), 7.62 (dd, 2H) 7.38-7.34 (m, 4H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 1.59 (s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.68 (s, 2H), 7.64 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.39 (d, 2H) 7.36-7.34 (m, 6H), 7.26 (d, 2H), 7.11-7.09 (m, 2H), 1.61 (s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.37 (s, 2H), 7.31 (s, 2H), 7.22 (s, 2H), 7.12 (d, 2H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 2.5 (s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.25 (d, 2H), 8.03 (s, 2H), 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.40 (s, 2H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 6.9 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.64 (d, 2H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.52 (s, 2H), 7.37 (s, 2H), 7.34 (dd, 4H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.46 (s, 2H), 7.36 (bs, 4H), 7.30 (d, 2H), 2.5 (s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.8 (s, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 2.21 (s, 3H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 2.2 (s, 3H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.50 (s, 2H), 7.45 (s, 2H), 7.31 (m, 6H), 2.53 (s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 4.26 (s, 4H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.84 (s, 2H), 7.69 (d, 2H), 7.33 (d, 2H), 4.46 (s, 4H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.57 (d, 2H), 7.50 (s, 2H), 7.37 (d, 2H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 4.5 (s, 4H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.62 (dd, 4H), 7.56 (s, 2H), 7.32 (s, 2H), 4.23 (t, 2H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 0.98 (s, 3H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.03 (s, 2H), 4.1 (t, 2H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, 3H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.85 (s, 2H), 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.29 (s, 2H), 4.1 (t, 2H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 0.96 (t, 3H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.59 (dd, 4H), 7.46 (s, 2H), 7.32 (d, 6H), 4.2 (t, 2H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.08 (t, 3H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.63 (d, 2H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 7.08 (d, 1H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.92 (s, 2H), 7.63 (d, 4H), 7.38 (s, 2H), 4.58 (t, 4H), 2.17 (m, 4H), 0.90 (s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.25 (s, 2H), 7.90 (d, 2H), 7.83 (s, 2H), 7.51 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.22 (s, 2H), 7.91 (d, 2H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.45 (dd, 2H), 7.37 (s, 2H), 7.34 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.3 (s, 2H), 8.28 (d, 2H), 8.04 (s, 2H), 7.89 (d, 2H), 7.84(d, 2H) 7.44 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.24 (s, 2H), 8.16 (d, 2H), 7.97 (s, 2H), 7.91 (d, 2H), 7.72 (d, 2H) 7.51 (d, 2H), 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.42 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.28 (s, 2H), 8.05 (dd, 4H), 7.82 (d, 2H), 7.74 (t, 2H), 7.48 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.3 (s, 2H), 8.03 (d, 4H), 7.86 (s, 2H), 7.73 (d, 2H), 4.33 (t, 2H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.09 (t, 3H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.25 (s, 2H), 8.0 (dd, 4H), 7.72 (t, 2H), 7.61 (s, 2H), 7.38 (s, 2H), 2.54 (s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.39 (s, 2H), 8.29 (d, 2H), 8.03-7.96 (m, 6H), 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.36 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.43 (s, 2H), 8.13-7.98 (m, 6H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.49 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.29 (s, 2H), 8.08 (d, 2H), 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.76 (s, 2H), 7.55 (t, 2H), 7.44 (t, 2H), 4.27 (t, 2H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 0.98 (s, 3H)。
1H-NMR (DMSO, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.83 (s, 2H), 8.47 (d, 2H), 8.31 (s, 2H), 8.06 (d, 2H), 7.99 (t, 4H), 7.79 (d, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 400MHz, ppm): δ 8.36 (s, 2H), 8.11 (s, 2H), 7.74-7.71 (m, 6H), 7.46 (s, 2H), 2.59 (s, 6H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.30 (d, 1H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.90 (d, 1H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.21(s, 3H), 2.17(s, 3H)。
1H-NMR (CD2Cl2, 400MHz, ppm): δ 9.86 (s, 1H), 9.81 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 2.47(s, 3H), 2.30(s, 3H), 2.27(s, 3H)。
1H-NMR (C2D2Cl4, 80 ℃, 400MHz, ppm): δ 7.50-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.43 (s, 2H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.22-7.30 (t, 2H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.28 (bd, 6H)。
材料:
デバイス作製に使用した材料は、そのままで使用されるか、または勾配昇華システムを使用して精製した後に使用されるかのいずれかであった。
ガラス基材は、Geomatec社から得たままで使用した。透明電極としてのITOは、90nmの厚みを有している。比抵抗は、15Ω/cmであった。二乗平均平方根粗さ(RMS)は、2nm未満であった。
2種類のセル(二層(BL)およびバルクヘテロ接合(BHJ))を高真空システム(圧力10-6ミリバール未満)中で作製した。
使用したソーラーシミュレーターは、L.O.T.Oriel社製のAM 1.5シミュレーターの300Wキセノンランプを有するもの(モデルLSH201)または500Wキセノンランプを有するもの(モデルLS0911)であった。電流−電圧特性は、周囲条件下でKeithley 2400シリーズを用いて測定した。ソーラーシミュレーターの強度は、単結晶太陽電池(Fraunhofer ISE)を用いて較正し、偏差因子は、ほぼ1となるように決定した。
ドナーとして末端ヘテロアリールシアノビニレン基を有する化合物を含む二層太陽電池およびバルクヘテロ接合太陽電池の性能のまとめを以下の表に示す。それらの結果は、短絡電流(Isc)、開路電圧(Voc)、曲線因子(FF)および電力変換効率(η)を含んでいる。デバイスで使用した全ての化合物は、100mW/cm2の光強度で測定した。
b=ITO/n−C60/C60/式(I)の化合物:C60/BPAPF/p−BPAPF/NDP−9/Alであり、基材を加熱しない
b1=bと同じで、基材を100℃で加熱する
b2=bと同じで、基材を70℃に加熱する
b3=bと同じで、基材を60℃に加熱する
b4=bと同じで、基材を90℃に加熱する
c=ITO/MoO3/式(I)の化合物/C60/Bphen/Agであり、基材を加熱しない
d=ITO/MoO3/式(I)の化合物:C60/C60/Bphen/Agであり、基材を加熱しない
e=ITO/n−C60/C60/式(I)の化合物:C60/BPAPF/p−BPAPF/NDP−9/Agである
e1=eと同じで、基材を100℃で加熱する
Claims (9)
- ドナー物質およびアクセプター物質を含む光活性材料であって、
a.前記ドナー物質は、式(I)の1種以上の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなり、または
b.前記アクセプター物質は、式(I)の1種以上の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなり、または
c.前記ドナー物質は式(I)の第一の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなるとともに、前記アクセプター物質は式(I)の第二の化合物を含むか、もしくは該化合物からなるが、但し、前記第一および第二の化合物は同じでないものとし、
その際、前記式(I)の化合物は、
- 前記ドナー物質は、請求項1または2に定義される式(I)の1種以上の化合物を含むか、または該化合物からなるとともに、前記アクセプター物質は、
(i)フラーレンおよびフラーレン誘導体、好ましくはC60、C70および[6,6]−フェニル−C61−酪酸メチルエステルからなる群から選択されるフラーレンおよびフラーレン誘導体、および
(ii)3,4,9,10−ペリレンテトラカルボキシル−ビスベンゾイミダゾール(PTCBI)
からなる群から選択される1種以上の化合物を含むか、または該化合物からなる、請求項1または2に記載の光活性材料。 - 請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の光活性材料を含む、太陽電池またはセンサ。
- 請求項1または2に定義される式(I)の化合物の、光活性材料におけるドナー物質としての、またはアクセプター物質としての使用であって、好ましくは、前記光活性材料は、ドナー−アクセプター二層の一方の層の部分であるか、またはドナー−アクセプター混合層(バルクヘテロ接合、BHJ)の部分である、前記使用。
- 前記光活性材料が、太陽電池またはセンサの部分である、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 請求項4に記載の2つ以上の太陽電池を含むか、または該太陽電池からなる光電変換デバイスであって、前記太陽電池がタンデムセルとして配置されている(マルチ接合太陽電池)、前記光電変換デバイス。
- 有機太陽電池が逆タンデムセルとして配置されている、請求項7に記載の光電変換デバイス。
- 光活性材料におけるドナー物質として、またはアクセプター物質として使用するための、請求項1または2に定義される式(I)の化合物であって、好ましくは、前記光活性材料は、ドナー−アクセプター二層の一方の層の部分であるか、またはドナー−アクセプター混合層(バルクヘテロ接合、BHJ)の部分である、前記化合物。
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