JP6414001B2 - 黒色めっき樹脂部品及びその製造方法 - Google Patents

黒色めっき樹脂部品及びその製造方法 Download PDF

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JP6414001B2
JP6414001B2 JP2015198364A JP2015198364A JP6414001B2 JP 6414001 B2 JP6414001 B2 JP 6414001B2 JP 2015198364 A JP2015198364 A JP 2015198364A JP 2015198364 A JP2015198364 A JP 2015198364A JP 6414001 B2 JP6414001 B2 JP 6414001B2
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black
plating layer
chromium
corrosion
resin
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JP2017071100A (ja
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祐志 堀田
祐志 堀田
仲谷 幸司
幸司 仲谷
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Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd
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Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/262,513 priority patent/US10081312B2/en
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    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/627Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
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    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
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    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1646Characteristics of the product obtained
    • C23C18/165Multilayered product
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    • C23C30/00Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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    • C25D3/02Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/04Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
    • C25D3/08Deposition of black chromium, e.g. hexavalent chromium, CrVI
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    • C25D3/00Electroplating: Baths therefor
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    • C25D3/12Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C25D5/14Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
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    • C25D5/48After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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    • C25D5/623Porosity of the layers
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Description

本発明は、車両用加飾部品、電気製品用筐体部品等に用いられる黒色めっき樹脂部品に関するものである。
車両用加飾部品や電気製品用筐体樹品などの分野では、意匠性などの観点から、深みのある漆黒調の黒色の外観を求めるニーズが高まっている。漆黒調の黒色はコバルトクロムめっき等による黒色めっき層で得ることができるが(特許文献1)、この黒色めっき層は耐食性に欠ける。
そこで、従来、黒色めっき層の上に、耐食性を向上させるための6価クロムを用いたクロメート処理によりクロメート皮膜を形成していた。これにより耐食性能の確保ができるものの、背反として、クロメート皮膜に含まれる6価クロム成分が強く黄色に発色することにより、黒色めっき層の漆黒調の黒色がクロメート皮膜を通して見ると黄味がかるという問題があった。
特開2014−100809号公報
そこで、本発明の目的は、耐食性皮膜により耐食性能を確保することができ、耐食性皮膜により漆黒調の黒色めっき層が黄味がかることもない黒色めっき樹脂部品を提供することにある。
本発明者らは、黒色クロムめっき層が、L*a*b*表色系でのL*が54を超える明るい黒色である場合には、上記クロメート皮膜の6価クロム成分による黒色めっき層の黄味がかりは目立たないが、L*が54以下となる暗い(深い)黒色である場合には、同黄味がかりが目立つようになることを見出し、鋭意検討の結果、本発明に到った。
(1)本発明の黒色めっき樹脂部品は、樹脂基材と、樹脂基材上に形成された銅めっき層とニッケルめっき層とをこの順で含む下地めっき層と、ニッケルめっき層の上に形成された3価クロムよりなる膜厚0.15μm以上の黒色クロムめっき層と、黒色クロムめっき層の上に形成されたリン酸クロム又はリン酸モリブデンよりなる膜厚7nm以上の耐食性皮膜を備え、耐食性皮膜を通して見た黒色クロムめっき層の明度は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が54以下であることを特徴とする。
(2)本発明の黒色めっき樹脂部品の製造方法は、樹脂基材上に銅めっき層とニッケルめっき層とをこの順で含む下地めっき層を形成し、3価クロムめっき浴中での電解めっきによりニッケルめっき層の上に3価クロムよりなる膜厚0.15μm以上の黒色クロムめっき層を形成し、化成処理液を用いた化成処理により黒色クロムめっき層の上にリン酸クロム又はリン酸モリブデンよりなる膜厚7nm以上の耐食性皮膜を形成することを特徴とする。
[作用]
黒色クロムめっき層が膜厚0.15μm以上であることにより、膜厚での色バラツキが最少でおさえられる。また、黒色クロムめっき層がL*54以下の深い黒色であることにより、仮にその上の耐食性皮膜が黄色を発色する場合には、黄味がかりが目立つようになる。しかし、本発明では、耐食性皮膜が実質的に黄色を発色しないリン酸クロム(3価クロムである)又はリン酸モリブデンよりなるため、黒色クロムめっき層が黄味がかることはない。この耐食性皮膜が膜厚7nm以上であることにより、耐食性能を確保することができる。
本発明によれば、耐食性皮膜により耐食性能を確保することができ、耐食性皮膜により漆黒調の黒色めっき層が黄味がかることもない黒色めっき樹脂部品を提供することができる。
本発明を具体化した実施例1,2の黒色めっき樹脂部品の断面図である。
1.樹脂基材
樹脂基材の樹脂は、熱可塑性でも熱硬化性でもよく、特に限定されないが、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン共重合体(ABS)樹脂、ポリカーボネート(PC)樹脂、PC/ABS樹脂、アクリル樹脂、スチレン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂等を例示できる。ABS樹脂、PC/ABS樹脂が強度、耐久性等の観点から好ましい。
樹脂基材の上には、次の下地めっき層を電解めっきするときに必要な導電層が形成される。導電層としては、特に限定されないが、無電解ニッケルめっき層を例示できる。
2.下地めっき層
下地めっき層は、銅めっき層とニッケルめっき層とをこの順で含むものであり、銅めっき層は延性に富むため樹脂基材によく追従し、ニッケルめっき層は黒色クロムめっき層を美感保持するとともに電気化学的に防食する。ニッケルめっき層の具体的構成は、特に限定されず、1層でも複数層でもよい。
3.黒色クロムめっき層
黒色クロムめっき層の膜厚は0.15μm以上であることがより好ましい。黒色クロムめっき層の膜厚の上限は、特に限定されないが、1μmが好ましい。1μmを超えると、膜内部応力が大きくなり、割れやすくなる。
耐食性皮膜を通して見た黒色クロムめっき層の色は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が44〜50、a*が1.5〜−1.5、b*が8〜ー8の範囲内であることが好ましい。L*が44未満では黒味が強すぎて金属感がなくなり、a*、b*がこの範囲外であるとそれぞれの色目(赤、緑、黄、青)が強くなる。
黒色クロムめっき層は、Feを含有すると、耐食性が向上するので好ましい。
3価クロムめっき浴に使用する3価クロム化合物としては、特に限定されないが、硫酸クロム(Cr2(SO43)、クロムミョウバン(CrK(SO42)、硝酸クロム(Cr(NO33)、塩化クロム(CrCl3)、酢酸クロム(Cr(CH3COO)3)等を例示できる。
4.耐食性皮膜
耐食性皮膜の膜厚の上限は、特に限定されないが、20nmが好ましい。この膜厚が厚いと、やや白くなる。
化成処理液はリン酸と添加金属を含む水溶液であり、リン酸クロム被膜を形成する場合は添加金属が3価クロムであり、リン酸モリブデン被膜を形成する場合は添加金属がモリブデンである。
化成処理は無電解処理で行うこともできる。
5.黒色めっき樹脂部品の用途
車両用加飾部品(ラジエータグリル、フェンダ、ガーニッシュ、ホイールキャップ、バックパネル、エアスポイラー、エンブレム等)、電気製品(携帯電話、スマートホン、携帯情報端末、ゲーム機等)用筐体部品等を例示できる。特に風雨にさらされる車両用加飾部品は、高い耐食性能が求められるため、本発明を適用したときの有効性が高い。
図1及び表1に示す実施例1,2の黒色めっき樹脂部品を作製し、比較のため表1に示す比較例1〜4の黒色めっき樹脂部品も作製して、色測定と耐食試験を行った。
Figure 0006414001
[実施例1]
図1及び表1に示すように、実施例1の黒色めっき樹脂部品は、ABS樹脂製の樹脂基材(導電層としての無電解ニッケルめっき層付き)と、樹脂基材上に形成された銅めっき層、半光沢ニッケルめっき層、光沢ニッケルめっき層、及びマイクロポーラスーニッケルめっき層をこの順で含む下地めっき層と、ニッケルめっき層の上に形成された3価クロムよりなる膜厚0.2μmの黒色クロムめっき層と、黒色クロムめっき層の上に形成されたリン酸クロム皮膜よりなる膜厚約10nmの耐食性皮膜を備えたものである。耐食性皮膜を通して見た黒色クロムめっき層の色は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が52.46、a*が0.67、b*が4.38であり、漆黒調の黒色である。耐食性皮膜による黒色クロムめっき層の黄味かがりはない。
実施例1の黒色めっき樹脂部品を製造するために、まず樹脂基材表面に導電性を付与するべく、樹脂基材表面の前処理を行なった。前処理では、ABS樹脂基材をクロム酸に浸漬してエッチング処理し、エッチング処理後の表面にPdーSnの金属錯体を付与して活性化後、導電層としての無電解ニッケルめっき層を形成した。
続いて、前処理により導電性を付与した樹脂基材に下地めっき処理を行った。下地めっき処理は、樹脂基板を各種金属めっき浴中に浸して電解めっきすることにより、銅めっき層、半光沢ニッケルめっき層、光沢ニッケルめっき層、マイクロポーラスーニッケルめっき層の順で積層されるように処理を行なった。
次に、下地めっき処理した樹脂基板に黒色クロムめっき処理を行った。黒色クロムめっき処理は、下地めっき処理した樹脂基板を3価クロムめっき浴中に浸して、浴温40℃、pH値3.2、陰極電流密度10A/dm2、陽極電流密度10A/dm2、成膜速度0.07μm/分、めっき時間3分の条件下で電解めっきすることにより行い、これによりマイクロポーラスーニッケルめっき層の上に膜厚0.2μmの黒色クロムめっき層が形成された。使用した3価クロムめっき浴は、以下の成分を配合した水溶液であり(3価クロム化合物はトライクロムアジチブ中に含まれる塩基性硫酸クロムである。)、さらに35%の塩酸を用いてpH値を3.2に調整した。
和光純薬工業製ホウ酸 63g/L
アトテック社製トライクロムアジチブ 400g/L
アトテック社製トライクロムスタビライザー 100ml/L
アトテック社製トライクロムレギュレーター 3ml/L
アトテック社製トライクロムコレクター 2ml/L
アトテック社製トライクロムグラファイトメイキャップ 100ml/L
次に、黒色クロムめっき処理した樹脂基板に化成処理を行った。化成処理は、黒色クロムめっき処理した樹脂基板を化成処理液に浸して、液温25℃、pH値1.3、化成処理時間60秒の条件下で無電解処理にて行い、これにより黒色クロムめっき層の上に膜厚約10nmのリン酸クロム皮膜が形成された。使用した化成処理液は、89%リン酸溶液を12.5ml/L、3価クロム化合物としての硫酸クロムを10g/L配合した水溶液(リン酸クロメート処理液)である。
[実施例2]
図1及び表1に示すように、実施例2の黒色めっき樹脂部品は、樹脂基材、下地めっき層及び黒色クロムめっき層が実施例1と共通し、耐食性皮膜が膜厚約10nmのリン酸モリブデン皮膜よりなる点においてのみ実施例1と相違するものである。耐食性皮膜を通して見た黒色クロムめっき層の色は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が51.83、a*が0.68、b*が4.64であり、漆黒調の黒色である。耐食性皮膜による黒色クロムめっき層の黄味かがりはない。
実施例1の黒色めっき樹脂部品を製造するために、まず実施例1と同様に、樹脂基材の前処理と、下地めっき処理と、黒色クロムめっき処理とを行った。
次に、黒色クロムめっき処理した樹脂基板に化成処理を行った。化成処理は、黒色クロムめっき処理した樹脂基板を化成処理液に浸して、液温30℃、pH値12、電流密度0.5A/dm2、化成処理時間180秒の条件下で行い、これにより黒色クロムめっき層の上に膜厚約10nmのリン酸モリブデン皮膜が形成された。使用した化成処理液は、硫酸カリウムを110g/L、89%リン酸溶液を13ml/L、モリブデン酸ナトリウム2水和物を5g/L配合した水溶液である。
[比較例1]
表1に示すように、比較例1の黒色めっき樹脂部品は、樹脂基材、下地めっき層及び黒色クロムめっき層が実施例1と共通し、耐食性皮膜を備えない点においてのみ実施例1と相違するものである。黒色クロムめっき層の色は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が52.01、a*が0.67、b*が4.36であり、漆黒調の黒色である。当然、黒色クロムめっき層の黄味かがりはない。
比較例1の黒色めっき樹脂部品を製造するために、実施例1と同様に、樹脂基材の前処理と、下地めっき処理と、黒色クロムめっき処理とを行った。
[比較例2]
表1に示すように、比較例2の黒色めっき樹脂部品は、樹脂基材、下地めっき層及び黒色クロムめっき層が実施例1と共通し、耐食性皮膜が膜厚約10nmの6価クロムクロメート皮膜よりなる点においてのみ実施例1と相違するものである。耐食性皮膜を通して見た黒色クロムめっき層の色は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が51.11、a*が0.97、b*が7.2であり、漆黒調の黒色である。耐食性皮膜による黒色クロムめっき層の黄味かがりがある。
比較例2の黒色めっき樹脂部品を製造するために、まず実施例1と同様に、樹脂基材の前処理と、下地めっき処理と、黒色クロムめっき処理とを行った。
次に、黒色クロムめっき処理した樹脂基板に化成処理を行った。化成処理は、黒色クロムめっき処理した樹脂基板を化成処理液に浸して、液温40℃、pH値3.0、電流密度0.5A/dm2、化成処理時間180秒の条件下で行い、これにより黒色クロムめっき層の上に膜厚約10nm程度の6価クロムクロメート皮膜が形成された。使用した化成処理液は、25重量%の無水クロム酸水溶液である。
[比較例3]
表1に示すように、比較例3の黒色めっき樹脂部品は、樹脂基材及び下地めっき層が実施例1と共通し、黒色めっき層がコバルトクロムめっき層とその上の酸化コバルト層とからなる点と、耐食性皮膜を備えない点において実施例1と相違するものである。黒色めっき層の色は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が51.65、a*が0.26、b*が1.85であり、漆黒調の黒色である。当然、黒色めっき層の黄味かがりはない。
比較例3の黒色めっき樹脂部品を製造するために、実施例1と同様に、樹脂基材の前処理と、下地めっき処理とを行った。
次に、下地めっき処理した樹脂基板に黒色コバルトクロムめっき処理を行った。黒色めっき処理は、下地めっき処理した樹脂基板をコバルトクロムめっき浴中に浸して、浴温50℃、pH値3.5、陰極電流密度10A/dm2、陽極電流密度5A/dm2、成膜速度0.1μm/分、めっき時間15分の条件下で電解めっきすることにより行い、これによりマイクロポーラスーニッケルめっき層の上に膜厚1.5μmのコバルトクロム系合金からなる黒色コバルトクロムめっき層が形成された。使用したコバルトクロムめっき浴は、Cr3+の金属量濃度が30g/L、Co2+の金属量濃度が3g/Lの硫酸塩溶液であり、他に電導性塩、pH緩衝剤、表面調整剤等を含有するものである。
続いて、黒色コバルトクロムめっき処理した樹脂基板を取り出し、その表面を酸浸漬処理することにより酸化コバルト層を形成した。酸浸漬処理は、pH値1.5の有機酸を満たした処理槽中に樹脂基板を浸漬し、処理温度50℃で10分間保持することにより行った。この酸浸漬処理により黒色コバルトクロムめっき層の表層部分の酸化が進んで酸化コバルト層が形成され、表層部分の黒味が増して漆黒調の色調となった。
[比較例4]
表1に示すように、比較例4の黒色めっき樹脂部品は、樹脂基材及び下地めっき層が実施例1と共通し、黒色めっき層が比較例3と共通しする点と、耐食性皮膜が膜厚約10nmの6価クロムクロメート皮膜よりなる点とにおいて実施例1と相違するものである。黒色クロムめっき層の色は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が48.25、a*が0.76、b*が3.95であり、漆黒調の黒色である。耐食性皮膜による黒色クロムめっき層の黄味かがりがある。
比較例4の黒色めっき樹脂部品を製造するために、実施例1と同様に、樹脂基材の前処理と、下地めっき処理とを行い、比較例3と同様に、黒色コバルトクロムめっき処理と酸浸漬処理とを行った。
次に、黒色めっき処理した樹脂基板に化成処理を行った。化成処理は、黒色めっき処理した樹脂基板を化成処理液に浸して、液温40℃、pH値3.0、電流密度0.5A/dm2、化成処理時間5分の条件下で行い、これにより黒色めっき層の上に膜厚約10nmの6価クロムクロメート皮膜が形成された。使用した化成処理液は、25重量%の無水クロム酸水溶液である。
作製した実施例1,2及び比較例1〜4の黒色めっき樹脂部品の試料について、色測定と、CASS試験による耐食試験を実施した。
<色測定>
(耐食性皮膜があるものはそれを通して見た)黒色めっき層の色を、分光測色計(コニカミノルタ社製 CM−700d)によって測定した。測定条件は、測定モードSCI、観察条件10°視野、観察光源D65、測定径/照明径=φ3/φ6とした。測定したL*a*b*表色系での各値は、上述のとおりである(表1)。
<耐食試験>
CASS試験(JIS H 8502)を次の条件で行った。
試験液:塩化ナトリウム40g/L、塩化第二銅0.205g/L、pH値3.0
飽和器温度 63℃
試験槽温度 50℃
噴霧量 1.5ml/80cm2/h
圧縮空気圧力 0.98MPa
サンプル設置角度 30°
試験時間 50h
CASS試験終了後、試料を取り出し、水で洗浄し、水分を拭き取り、表面の腐食状態をレイティングナンバー表と照らし合わせてレイティングナンバーを決定した(表1)。レイティングナンバー8以上を合格とした。
なお、本発明は前記実施例に限定されるものではなく、発明の趣旨から逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更して具体化することができる。

Claims (10)

  1. 樹脂基材と、樹脂基材上に形成された銅めっき層とニッケルめっき層とをこの順で含む下地めっき層と、ニッケルめっき層の上に形成された3価クロムよりなる膜厚0.15μm以上の黒色クロムめっき層と、黒色クロムめっき層の上に形成されたリン酸クロム又はリン酸モリブデンよりなる膜厚7nm以上の耐食性皮膜を備え、耐食性皮膜を通して見た黒色クロムめっき層の明度は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が54以下であることを特徴とする黒色めっき樹脂部品。
  2. 耐食性皮膜を通して見た黒色クロムめっき層の色は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が44〜50、a*が1.5〜−1.5、b*が8〜ー8の範囲内である請求項1記載の黒色めっき樹脂部品。
  3. 車両用加飾部品である請求項1又は2記載の黒色めっき樹脂部品。
  4. 樹脂基材上に銅めっき層とニッケルめっき層とをこの順で含む下地めっき層を形成し、3価クロムめっき浴中での電解めっきによりニッケルめっき層の上に3価クロムよりなる膜厚0.15μm以上の黒色クロムめっき層を形成し、化成処理液を用いた化成処理により黒色クロムめっき層の上にリン酸クロム又はリン酸モリブデンよりなる膜厚7nm以上の耐食性皮膜を形成することを特徴とする黒色めっき樹脂部品の製造方法。
  5. 化成処理液がリン酸と添加金属を含んでなる請求項4記載の黒色めっき樹脂部品の製造方法。
  6. 添加金属が3価クロムである請求項5記載の黒色めっき樹脂部品の製造方法。
  7. 添加金属がモリブデンである請求項5記載の黒色めっき樹脂部品の製造方法。
  8. 化成処理が無電解処理である請求項4〜7のいずれか一項に記載の黒色めっき樹脂部品の製造方法。
  9. 耐食性皮膜を通して見た黒色クロムめっき層の明度は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が54以下である請求項4〜8のいずれか一項に記載の黒色めっき樹脂部品の製造方法。
  10. 耐食性皮膜を通して見た黒色クロムめっき層の色は、L*a*b*表色系でL*が44〜50、a*が1.5〜−1.5、b*が8〜ー8の範囲内である請求項4〜9のいずれか一項に記載の黒色めっき樹脂部品の製造方法。
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